The Diffusion Of Small Western Technologies In The Middle East

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The Diffusion of “Small” Western Technologies in the Middle East

Author : Uri M. Kupferschmidt
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110777223
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Diffusion of “Small” Western Technologies in the Middle East by : Uri M. Kupferschmidt

Download or read book The Diffusion of “Small” Western Technologies in the Middle East written by Uri M. Kupferschmidt and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-10-04 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years we have become interested in the diffusion of “small” Western technologies in the countries of the Middle East during the 19th and 20th centuries, the era of Imperialism and first globalization. We postulated a contrast between “small” and “big” technologies. Under the latter category we may understand railway systems, electricity grids, telegraph networks, and steam navigation, imposed by foreign powers or installed by connected local entrepreneurs. But many “small” Western technologies, such as sewing machines, typewriters, pianos, eyeglasses, and similar consumer goods, which had been developed and manufactured in Europe and America, were wanted, and willingly acquired by the agency of individual users elsewhere. In a few cases, however, the inventions had to be adapted, or were overstepped, and even delayed. Some were adopted as social markers or status symbols only by elites who could afford them. Processes of adoption and diffusion therefore differed according to cultural settings, preferences, and needs. Social and cultural historians, and social scientists, not only of the Middle East, will find in this collection of essays a new approach to the impact of Western technological inventions on the Middle East.

The Diffusion of Small Western Technologies in the Middle East

Author : Uri M. Kupferschmidt
Publisher : de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 9783110777192
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (771 download)

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Book Synopsis The Diffusion of Small Western Technologies in the Middle East by : Uri M. Kupferschmidt

Download or read book The Diffusion of Small Western Technologies in the Middle East written by Uri M. Kupferschmidt and published by de Gruyter. This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years we have become interested in the diffusion of "small" Western technologies in the countries of the Middle East during the 19th and 20th centuries, the era of Imperialism and first globalization. We postulated a contrast between "small" and "big" technologies. Under the latter category we may understand railway systems, electricity grids, telegraph networks, and steam navigation, imposed by foreign powers or installed by connected local entrepreneurs. But many "small" Western technologies, such as sewing machines, typewriters, pianos, eyeglasses, and similar consumer goods, which had been developed and manufactured in Europe and America, were wanted, and willingly acquired by the agency of individual users elsewhere. In a few cases, however, the inventions had to be adapted, or were overstepped, and even delayed. Some were adopted as social markers or status symbols only by elites who could afford them. Processes of adoption and diffusion therefore differed according to cultural settings, preferences, and needs. Social and cultural historians, and social scientists, not only of the Middle East, will find in this collection of essays a new approach to the impact of Western technological inventions on the Middle East.

A Global Middle East

Author : Liat Kozma
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0857725114
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (577 download)

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Book Synopsis A Global Middle East by : Liat Kozma

Download or read book A Global Middle East written by Liat Kozma and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The start of the twentieth century ushered in a period of unprecedented change in the Middle East. These transformations, brought about by the emergence of the modern state system and an increasing interaction with a more globalized economy, irrevocably altered the political and social structures of the Middle East, even as the region itself left its mark on the processes of globalization themselves. As a result of these changes, there was an intensification in the movement of people, commodities and ideas across the globe: commercial activity, urban space, intellectual life, leisure culture, immigration patterns and education - nothing was left untouched. It shows how even as the Middle East was responding to increased economic interactions with the rest of the world by restructuring not only local economies, but also cultural, political and social institutions, the region's engagement with these trends altered the nature of globalization itself. This period has been seen as one in which the modern state system and its oftentimes artificial boundaries emerged in the Middle East. But this book highlights how, despite this, it was also one of tremendous interconnection. Approaching the first period of modern globalization by investigating the movement of people, objects and ideas into, around and out of the Middle East, the authors demonstrate how the Middle East in this period was not simply subject or reactive to the West, but rather an active participant in the transnational flows that transformed both the region and the world. A Global Middle East offers an examination of a variety of intellectual and more material exchanges, such as nascent feminist movements and Islamist ideologies as well as the movement of sex workers across the Mediterranean and Jewish migration into Palestine. A Global Middle East emphasises this by examining the multi-directional nature of movement across borders, as well as this movement's intensity, volume and speed. By focusing on the theme of mobility as the defining feature of 'modern globalization' in the Middle East, it provides an essential examination of the formative years of the region.

Your Computer Is on Fire

Author : Thomas S. Mullaney
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026253973X
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Your Computer Is on Fire by : Thomas S. Mullaney

Download or read book Your Computer Is on Fire written by Thomas S. Mullaney and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-03-09 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology scholars declare an emergency: attention must be paid to the inequality, marginalization, and biases woven into our technological systems. This book sounds an alarm: we can no longer afford to be lulled into complacency by narratives of techno-utopianism, or even techno-neutrality. We should not be reassured by such soothing generalities as "human error," "virtual reality," or "the cloud." We need to realize that nothing is virtual: everything that "happens online," "virtually," or "autonomously" happens offline first, and often involves human beings whose labor is deliberately kept invisible. Everything is IRL. In Your Computer Is on Fire, technology scholars train a spotlight on the inequality, marginalization, and biases woven into our technological systems.

A History of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Middle East

Author : Heather J. Sharkey
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108155863
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Middle East by : Heather J. Sharkey

Download or read book A History of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Middle East written by Heather J. Sharkey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-03 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across centuries, the Islamic Middle East hosted large populations of Christians and Jews in addition to Muslims. Today, this diversity is mostly absent. In this book, Heather J. Sharkey examines the history that Muslims, Christians, and Jews once shared against the shifting backdrop of state policies. Focusing on the Ottoman Middle East before World War I, Sharkey offers a vivid and lively analysis of everyday social contacts, dress, music, food, bathing, and more, as they brought people together or pushed them apart. Historically, Islamic traditions of statecraft and law, which the Ottoman Empire maintained and adapted, treated Christians and Jews as protected subordinates to Muslims while prescribing limits to social mixing. Sharkey shows how, amid the pivotal changes of the modern era, efforts to simultaneously preserve and dismantle these hierarchies heightened tensions along religious lines and set the stage for the twentieth-century Middle East.

Transportation & Technology in Iran, 1800-1940: : Chapar, Carts, Carriages, Automobiles, Bicycles, Motor Cycles, Lodgings, Sewing Machines, Typewriters & Pianos

Download Transportation & Technology in Iran, 1800-1940: : Chapar, Carts, Carriages, Automobiles, Bicycles, Motor Cycles, Lodgings, Sewing Machines, Typewriters & Pianos PDF Online Free

Author : Willem Floor
Publisher : Mage Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1949445690
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (494 download)

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Book Synopsis Transportation & Technology in Iran, 1800-1940: : Chapar, Carts, Carriages, Automobiles, Bicycles, Motor Cycles, Lodgings, Sewing Machines, Typewriters & Pianos by : Willem Floor

Download or read book Transportation & Technology in Iran, 1800-1940: : Chapar, Carts, Carriages, Automobiles, Bicycles, Motor Cycles, Lodgings, Sewing Machines, Typewriters & Pianos written by Willem Floor and published by Mage Publishers. This book was released on 2023-08-21 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Only 100 years ago the main means of transportation in Iran was by quadruped. Transportation & Technology in Iran, 1800-1940, by renowned Iranian studies scholar Willem Floor is an in-depth, illustrated, four-part study of the subject. Until the 1920s Iran had no more than 700 kilometers of roads suitable for motor vehicles, which situation greatly impeded Iran's economic development. Caravans traveled 40 km/day, though travelers in a hurry could cover 150 km/day when using the courier system (chapar), which is the subject of part 1. Wheeled transportation, (in part 2 of the books) was rare and limited to only a few parts of country due to the lack of roads. This situation underwent change when carriages became popular in urban areas and on the few modern roads after 1890. Motorized transportation grew in importance after 1921 and really took off in the 1930s, with the construction of a new road network. As a result, newer, more powerful trucks reduced the cost of transportation significantly, thus lowering the cost of retail goods. The increase of motorized transport also meant that car dealers, import rules, mechanics, garages, supply of spare parts, and gasoline distribution as well as traffic regulations had to be created ex nihilo; All these processes are detailed in the book. Like cars, bicycles and motorcycles also were increasingly used as of the 1920s, thus increasing choice in people's mobility. More road traffic also implied that travelers needed places to spend the night and eat. The change from caravanserais to guest-houses and hotels is discussed in part 3. These changes in transportation methods did not come alone, for other modern tools of change such as the sewing machine and the typewriter also made their appearance and had a major impact on people's availability and use of time. Finally, the piano made its entry onto the Iranian musical scene, and although not perfectly in tune with the traditional Iranian musical system, it is now as much part of music making in Iran as the tar and santur (part 4 of the book). All these changes and new technologies did not happen overnight or without problems, and slow adoption initially was limited to the upper-class. However, with falling prices and changing needs and policies these new technologies eventually reached a larger public and the idea that they once were 'exotic' and 'out of reach' is now inconceivable to Iranians. The studies in this book provide a new vantage point and understanding of the transfer of modern technology for scholars of the social-economic and cultural history of the Middle East.

Arabic Type-Making in the Machine Age

Author : Titus Nemeth
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004349308
Total Pages : 537 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Arabic Type-Making in the Machine Age by : Titus Nemeth

Download or read book Arabic Type-Making in the Machine Age written by Titus Nemeth and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arabic Type-Making in the Machine Age is an in-depth historical study of the evolution of Arabic type under the influence of changing technologies in the twentieth century.

Science among the Ottomans

Author : Miri Shefer-Mossensohn
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477303618
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis Science among the Ottomans by : Miri Shefer-Mossensohn

Download or read book Science among the Ottomans written by Miri Shefer-Mossensohn and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars have long thought that, following the Muslim Golden Age of the medieval era, the Ottoman Empire grew culturally and technologically isolated, losing interest in innovation and placing the empire on a path toward stagnation and decline. Science among the Ottomans challenges this widely accepted Western image of the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Ottomans as backward and impoverished. In the first book on this topic in English in over sixty years, Miri Shefer-Mossensohn contends that Ottoman society and culture created a fertile environment that fostered diverse scientific activity. She demonstrates that the Ottomans excelled in adapting the inventions of others to their own needs and improving them. For example, in 1877, the Ottoman Empire boasted the seventh-longest electric telegraph system in the world; indeed, the Ottomans were among the era’s most advanced nations with regard to modern communication infrastructure. To substantiate her claims about science in the empire, Shefer-Mossensohn studies patterns of learning; state involvement in technological activities; and Turkish- and Arabic-speaking Ottomans who produced, consumed, and altered scientific practices. The results reveal Ottoman participation in science to have been a dynamic force that helped sustain the six-hundred-year empire.

Entertainment Among the Ottomans

Author : Ebru Boyar
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004399232
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Entertainment Among the Ottomans by : Ebru Boyar

Download or read book Entertainment Among the Ottomans written by Ebru Boyar and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-05-20 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By addressing the ways in which entertainment was employed and enjoyed in Ottoman society, Entertainment Among the Ottomans introduces the reader to a new way of understanding the Ottoman world.

Technology and East-West Trade

Author : United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Technology and East-West Trade by : United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment

Download or read book Technology and East-West Trade written by United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Technology and East-West trade.

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428957669
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Technology and East-West trade. by :

Download or read book Technology and East-West trade. written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1979 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Trade and Technology: East-West trade and technology transfer

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Trade and Technology: East-West trade and technology transfer by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance

Download or read book Trade and Technology: East-West trade and technology transfer written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Global Middle East

Author : Cyrus Schayegh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780755608782
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis A Global Middle East by : Cyrus Schayegh

Download or read book A Global Middle East written by Cyrus Schayegh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The start of the twentieth century ushered in a period of unprecedented change in the Middle East. These transformations, brought about by the emergence of the modern state system and an increasing interaction with a more globalized economy, irrevocably altered the political and social structures of the Middle East, even as the region itself left its mark on the processes of globalization themselves. As a result of these changes, there was an intensification in the movement of people, commodities and ideas across the globe: commercial activity, urban space, intellectual life, leisure culture, immigration patterns and education - nothing was left untouched. It shows how even as the Middle East was responding to increased economic interactions with the rest of the world by restructuring not only local economies, but also cultural, political and social institutions, the region's engagement with these trends altered the nature of globalization itself. This period has been seen as one in which the modern state system and its oftentimes artificial boundaries emerged in the Middle East. But this book highlights how, despite this, it was also one of tremendous interconnection. Approaching the first period of modern globalization by investigating the movement of people, objects and ideas into, around and out of the Middle East, the authors demonstrate how the Middle East in this period was not simply subject or reactive to the West, but rather an active participant in the transnational flows that transformed both the region and the world. A Global Middle East offers an examination of a variety of intellectual and more material exchanges, such as nascent feminist movements and Islamist ideologies as well as the movement of sex workers across the Mediterranean and Jewish migration into Palestine. A Global Middle East emphasises this by examining the multi-directional nature of movement across borders, as well as this movement's intensity, volume and speed. By focusing on the theme of mobility as the defining feature of 'modern globalization' in the Middle East, it provides an essential examination of the formative years of the region."--Bloomsbury Publishing.

Technology Trade

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Technology Trade by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology

Download or read book Technology Trade written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Trade and technology

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Book Synopsis Trade and technology by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance

Download or read book Trade and technology written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Technology Transfer Between East and West

Author : Eugène Zaleski
Publisher : Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications and Information Center
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Technology Transfer Between East and West by : Eugène Zaleski

Download or read book Technology Transfer Between East and West written by Eugène Zaleski and published by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications and Information Center. This book was released on 1980 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Technology, Tradition and Survival

Author : Richard Tapper
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135777020
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis Technology, Tradition and Survival by : Richard Tapper

Download or read book Technology, Tradition and Survival written by Richard Tapper and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-11-23 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors address the history, originality, variety and sophistication of traditional science, technology and material culture in the Middle East and Central Asia, their influence on the history of Europe and the West, and the threat posed by modern Western technologies.