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The Development Of A Niemann Pick Gene Based Marker In Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L For The Selection Of Common Bacterial Blight Resistance
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Book Synopsis The Development of a Niemann-Pick Gene-based Marker in Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) for the Selection of Common Bacterial Blight Resistance by : Emily Morneau
Download or read book The Development of a Niemann-Pick Gene-based Marker in Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) for the Selection of Common Bacterial Blight Resistance written by Emily Morneau and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Common bacterial blight (CBB) is a major disease in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans. By characterizing alleles in three candidate genes within white bean line OAC Rex, a codominant molecular marker for resistance was created. The Niemann-Pick polymorphism (NPP) marker was developed to screen common beans for CBB resistance, and is anchored in a candidate resistance gene (Niemann-Pick like gene). Individuals in two segregating populations were screened for allelic state and disease susceptibility. It was found that the NPP marker is significantly more efficient (8% decrease in error rate) in comparison to other markers. Within the OAC Rex pedigree, the resistant allele for the NPP marker was found solely within progeny from the introgression of Phaseolus acutifolius into P. vulgaris. Lastly, the two additional candidate resistance genes investigated (R-genes 231733-8-004 and 231733-8-005), were found to have no exploitable polymorphisms.
Book Synopsis Identification and Characterization of Common Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in the Resistant Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) Variety OAC Rex by : Denise Cooper
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Common Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in the Resistant Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) Variety OAC Rex written by Denise Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Use of Marker-assisted Selection to Breed for Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight in Common Bean by : Patrick Daniel O'Boyle
Download or read book Use of Marker-assisted Selection to Breed for Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight in Common Bean written by Patrick Daniel O'Boyle and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toward Genomics-based Breeding in Phaseolus Vulgaris and Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Angular Leaf Spot Resistance by : Tamara Iva Miller
Download or read book Toward Genomics-based Breeding in Phaseolus Vulgaris and Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Angular Leaf Spot Resistance written by Tamara Iva Miller and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is consumed by millions of people worldwide and is a staple source of protein, starch and micronutrients. Common bean production across the world is affected by abiotic and biotic stresses that limit the growth and yield of this important crop. Efforts to breed improved common bean for dissemination to farmers and consumers in East Africa is underway in several breeding programs worldwide. Improvement on agronomic and consumer traits such as disease resistance can be greatly aided by the application of next generation sequencing technologies. With the decreasing cost of DNA sequencing, genomic re-sequencing of diverse common bean accessions facilitates marker- assisted breeding that can be used to speed the creation of new common bean cultivars. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is an important aspect of modern bean breeding that seeks to utilize genetic markers to select individuals with improved agronomic and consumer traits. For example, breeders in the African Bean Consortium seek to introgress known genetic loci conferring resistance to multiple diseases into bean genetic backgrounds with preferred seed and agronomic characteristics. However, the usefulness of markers is dependent on whether they are polymorphic in the specific parents of the breeding program. Often genetic markers identified in a specific plant population are not useful for marker assisted selection among a different set of bean parents, which necessitates identification of novel markers linked to the genes of interest that are polymorphic among breeding parents. One disease that greatly affects common bean production in humid tropical and sub-tropical growing regions is Angular Leaf Spot (ALS; caused by the foliar fungus Pseudocercospora griseola Sacc.). Marker assisted breeding is being used in multiple different bean breeding programs to improve the resistance of adapted cultivars to ALS. The ALS resistance locus, Phg-2, is an important resistance locus used to improve plant resistance to Angular Leaf Spot in South America and Pan Africa, however in the case of the African Bean Consortium breeding programs in East Africa, certain bean parents used for breeding were monomorphic for the original marker used to perform marker assisted selection of Phg-2. In order to facilitate marker assisted selection of Phg-2 in specific breeding parents used in the Uganda bean improvement program, an alternative, co-dominant, marker linked to the Phg-2 ALS resistance locus was developed (Chapter 1). A new marker, g796, was identified which is polymorphic among the breeding parents; its co-segregation was confirmed in a segregating F2 population derived from the cross between French bean variety Amy and the ALS resistance donor, Mexico 54. This work was conducted in collaboration with Stephen Kimno and Esther Arunga at Embu University, Kenya, as well as other members of the African Bean Consortium bean breeding programs in Tanzania, Uganda, and Ethiopia. The application of DNA sequencing to marker-assisted breeding and crop improvement is rapidly becoming common in the development of improved bean varieties. A nearly complete reference genome and transcriptome for Phaseolus vulgaris was released in 2014 and newly resequenced genomes of diverse bean accessions are being developed for the purpose of marker assisted breeding. In Chapter 2, whole-genome resequencing of 29 bean accessions, including accessions commonly used as breeding parents, was carried out in collaboration with the Ratz lab at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT, Colombia). Genetic diversity analysis was performed in order to access the evolutionary relationships between the sequenced bean genomes. Data generated by this work was made available to the larger bean research community and will be used by breeders and geneticists to perform marker-assisted selection and genetic analysis in the future. Angular leaf spot (ALS) occurs throughout Eastern and Southern Africa (as well as other parts of the world) and can cause yield losses up to 80% in environments that favor the disease. ALS is caused by the fungal pathogen, Pseudocercospora griseola, a highly diverse pathogen with many different races that infect diverse types of bean hosts. Growing crop cultivars with genetic resistance to the disease is one of the most effective measures for farmers to reduce crop losses due to ALS. The landrace Mexico 54 is used as a donor for ALS resistance in East Africa and marker-assisted selection of the Phg-2 ALS resistance locus from Mexico 54 is underway in multiple breeding programs in order to increase the resistance of adapted bean germplasm in East Africa and Brazil. Previous allelism tests between different ALS resistance donors suggested additional resistance loci exist in Mexico 54 besides the Phg-2 locus and were named Phg-5 and Phg-6. The genomic locations of the proposed Phg-5 and Phg-6 resistance genes in Mexico 54 have never been investigated, however, the existence of multiple resistance loci in Mexico 54 is likely the cause of its high level of resistance to ALS on multiple continents. In Chapter 3, a biparental mapping population consisting of 167 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) was derived from a cross between Kablanketi, a preferred bean market type in Tanzania, and Mexico 54 in order to map additional quantitative trait loci that confer resistance to ALS in Mexico 54. The identification of novel ALS resistance loci will aid breeders to develop resistant cultivars as well as provide a greater understanding of the genetic diversity that influences resistance to ALS.
Book Synopsis The Host-pathogen Interaction and Breeding and Genetics of Resistance for Common Bacterial Blight of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Caused by Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Phaseoli and X. C. Pv. Phaseoli Var. Fuscans by : Robert Wayne Duncan
Download or read book The Host-pathogen Interaction and Breeding and Genetics of Resistance for Common Bacterial Blight of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Caused by Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Phaseoli and X. C. Pv. Phaseoli Var. Fuscans written by Robert Wayne Duncan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli Smith (Dye) (Xcp, synonym: X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli [Smith] Vauterin et al.) and X. c. pv. phaseoli var. fuscans (Burkholder) Starr & Burkholder (Xcpf, synonym: X. fuscans subsp. fuscans sp. nov.) is the most important bacterial disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Host resistance is the best method of management for this seed-borne disease. The first objective of this research was a host-pathogen diversity study, where new Xcp and Xcpf genotypes associated with CBB in Wisconsin were identified. These new genotypes, along with five previously reported genotypes, were inoculated onto 27 common bean genotypes having different combinations of CBB resistance QTL and markers. Eight host genotypes were identified that were resistant to all pathogen genotypes. The second objective was to compare direct disease selection (DDS) with marker-assisted selection (MAS) for the development of CBB resistant breeding lines, and the cost-effectiveness of the two selection methods. More CBB-resistant breeding lines were generated with DDS under conditions of high disease pressure in the greenhouse. However, under moderate disease pressure in the field, there were no significant differences between the two selection techniques. Under the parameters of this study, DDS was more cost-effective than MAS. Finally, the relationship between flower and seed color, CBB resistance, a CBB resistance SCAR marker (BC420) and the SOD12490 marker associated with the V pigmentation locus was investigated. In an F2 population and in the F3 progeny test, no recombination was found between colored flowers (purple [P] and lilac [L]), a dark undesirable DRK seed coat color and presence of the BC420 marker. All plants in the F2 and F3 that lacked the BC420 marker had white/lilac-striped (wl) flower color and the desirable DRK seed color. The SOD12490 marker was not linked with CBB resistance. Some plants with wl flowers were resistant but lacked the BC420 marker, indicating unidentified QTL in the CBB-resistant donor germplasm (VAX 3, Wilkinson 2, or I9365-25). Together, this information will facilitate the improvement of CBB resistance in all market classes of common bean.
Book Synopsis The Common Bean Genome by : Marcelino Pérez de la Vega
Download or read book The Common Bean Genome written by Marcelino Pérez de la Vega and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-20 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides insights into the genetics and the latest advances in genomics research on the common bean, offering a timely overview of topics that are pertinent for future developments in legume genomics. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important grain legume crop for food consumption worldwide, as well as a model for legume research, and the availability of the genome sequence has completely changed the paradigm of the ongoing research on the species. Key topics covered include the numerous genetic and genomic resources, available tools, the identified genes and quantitative trait locus (QTL) identified, and there is a particular emphasis on domestication. It is a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the genetics and genomics of the common bean and legumes in general.
Book Synopsis Applied Photosynthesis by : Mohammad Najafpour
Download or read book Applied Photosynthesis written by Mohammad Najafpour and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2012-03-02 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photosynthesis is one of the most important reactions on Earth, and it is a scientific field that is intrinsically interdisciplinary, with many research groups examining it. This book is aimed at providing applied aspects of photosynthesis. Different research groups have collected their valuable results from the study of this interesting process. In this book, there are two sections: Fundamental and Applied aspects. All sections have been written by experts in their fields. The book chapters present different and new subjects, from photosynthetic inhibitors, to interaction between flowering initiation and photosynthesis.
Book Synopsis EVALUATION OF COMMON BACTERIAL BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN A RESISTANT INTER-CROSS POPULATION OF COMMON BEAN. by : Kelli M. Durham
Download or read book EVALUATION OF COMMON BACTERIAL BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN A RESISTANT INTER-CROSS POPULATION OF COMMON BEAN. written by Kelli M. Durham and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for Common Bacterial Blight Resistance and Agronomic and Developmental Traits in Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.). by : Esteban Diaz Castro
Download or read book Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for Common Bacterial Blight Resistance and Agronomic and Developmental Traits in Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.). written by Esteban Diaz Castro and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improving the Efficiency of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Breeding Programs Using Molecular Markers by : William Clyde Johnson
Download or read book Improving the Efficiency of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Breeding Programs Using Molecular Markers written by William Clyde Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inheritance Studies and Development of RAPD Markers for Major Anthracnose Resistance Genes in Common Bean by : Roberto Antonio Young Bustillo
Download or read book Inheritance Studies and Development of RAPD Markers for Major Anthracnose Resistance Genes in Common Bean written by Roberto Antonio Young Bustillo and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diversity and Functional Analysis of the Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Determinacy Gene (PvTFL1y) by : Shelby Repinski
Download or read book Diversity and Functional Analysis of the Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Determinacy Gene (PvTFL1y) written by Shelby Repinski and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants exhibit two distinct stem termination growth habit types: indeterminate and determinate. Plants with indeterminate growth habit have a terminal meristem that remains vegetative throughout the production of lateral vegetative and reproductive growth. Contrarily, in determinate plants, the terminal shoot meristem switches from a vegetative to reproductive state, resulting in a terminal inflorescence. While only indeterminate growth is observed in wild-type common bean populations, both growth habits can be observed in domesticated varieties. Determinate growth habit has been artificially selected, in combination with photoperiod insensitivity, to obtain varieties with a shortened and synchronized flowering period and earlier maturation, allowing mechanized harvest. In the early 1990s, researchers in Arabidopsis thaliana identified a gene, Terminal Flowering 1 (TFL1), as a locus controlling inflorescence meristem development. Three homologs of TFL1 were identified in common bean: Phaseolus vulgaris Terminal Flowering 1 x, y, and z (PvTFL1x, PvTFL1y, and PvTFL1z). PvTFL1y was the only candidate gene to contain natural genetic variation potentially correlated with determinacy and also co-segregate with the phenotypic locus for determinate growth habit (fin) on chromosome 01. In chapter one, our goal was to verify the role of PvTFL1y in determining growth habit. Using quantitative PCR, we found that two distinct mutant PvTFL1y haplotypes associated with determinacy caused mRNA abundance to decrease 20-133 fold; consistent with the recessive nature of fin. Furthermore, we were able to rescue mutant determinate (tfl1-1) Arabidopsis plants by transformation with the wild-type PvTFL1y gene. This work validates that the candidate gene, PvTFL1y, is the functional homolog of TFL1 and is the molecular locus underlying the fin phenotypic locus. In chapter two, we use the pervasive synteny among legumes species in a comparative genomics approach to identify growth habit homologs of PvTFL1y in 16 different Phaseolus species; two of which include accessions with a determinate growth habit: P. coccineus and P. lunatus. Neighbor-joining analyses of amplified homologs verified previous genetic relationships in the Phaseolus species. Additionally, a 2bp insertion/deletion (indel) in the P. lunatus homolog, PlTFL1, was found to segregate with growth habit. We created a Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic sequence (CAPs) marker for this indel that can be utilized in future co-segregation studies. No mutation could yet be found that could be causal to determinacy in P. coccineus. Several unique mutant alleles for determinate growth habit have been identified at the PvTFL1y locus and it is of interest whether they confer differences in flowering and plant architecture. In chapter three, we analyzed dissimilarities between four mutant PvTFL1y haplotypes by transferring them, using marker-assisted backcrossing, into a common genetic background. Most notable, one backcross population containing the most prevalent mutant haplotype, a 4.1kb retrotransposon, was found to begin and finish flowering significantly earlier than the recurrent parent and all other backcross populations. It is likely that determinate growth habit in association with earliness may have caused this haplotype to become the most agronomically desirable during or after domestication. More generations of backcrossing followed by recurrent parent background genetic selection will elucidate if identified trait associations are caused by pleiotropy or linkage. Common bean was domesticated independently in Mesoamerica and in the Andes. Within the Mesoamerican center, the domestication area has been narrowed to the Lerma-Santiago Basin of Mexico, while the Andean center still remains quite large. During Andean domestication, determinate growth habit was likely selected for as it led to a more compact growth habit and earliness. By analyzing shared haplotypes between wild and domesticated common bean, around the domestication locus PvTFL1y, it may be possible to narrow the Andean center of domestication. In chapter four we analyzed an 800 kb region around PvTFL1y, in 96 wild and domesticated common bean accessions. Preliminary findings have identified three unique haplotypes for growth habit, indicating that selection for determinacy, in the Andean gene pool, may have occurred several times since domestication. Two determinacy haplotypes appear most closely related to wild samples from Peru while the other clustered with Argentinian accessions. Complications in the analysis arose from high levels of admixture amongst wild accessions and inconsistent sequencing coverage across accessions sampled. Future studies should include important samples in replicate and reduce pooling to achieve maximum coverage across all accessions.
Book Synopsis Genetics of Resistance to Potyviruses Impacting Snap Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Production in the United States by : John Patrick Hart
Download or read book Genetics of Resistance to Potyviruses Impacting Snap Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Production in the United States written by John Patrick Hart and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop to diversified vegetable production in the Great Lakes Region of the United States, but an aphid-transmitted virus disease complex threatens sustainable production. The component viruses include the potyviruses Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) and Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) that are acquired and transmitted rapidly by dispersing aphid vectors. This situation necessitates the identification, introgression, and deployment of plant virus resistance alleles to achieve effective and ecologically sensitive control. Genetic variation for resistance to ClYVV was characterized at the phenotypic and molecular genetic levels. The relationship of three previously putative independent resistance alleles, cyv, desc, and bc-3 was resolved into an allelic series at the Bc-3 locus where the strain and species-specific resistance spectrum was allele specific. Given previous advances, this pathosystem presented an immediate candidate gene, P. vulgaris eIF4E (PveIF4E), as the molecular basis for resistance. A complete association between specific non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and virus resistance led to the identification of the putative molecular determinants for resistance to ClYVV and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) strain NL 3 D. PveIF4E allele specific assays were developed for rapid introgression of bc-3 and the novel bc-32 allele into bean breeding programs. Phenotypic evaluation and the allele specific assays were used to further characterize ClYVV resistance in a large and representative sample of common bean genetic diversity. The result was the identification of novel ClYVV resistance in all major market classes, and the validation of the use of the assays for allele mining in germplasm collections. These efforts also lead to the phenotypic identification of ClYVV resistance alleles at independent loci, and established a model for resistance that now includes By-2 and the bc-u, bc-22 combination. The novel and highly efficient genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method was adapted to common bean and used to map the position of the By-2 allele for resistance to BYMV and ClYVV. By-2 was mapped to within a 974k kb region on the distal portion of chromosome 2. This effort generated genomic resources for fine mapping and assays that were also validated for marker-assisted selection.
Book Synopsis Genetics of Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight in Tepary Bean (Phaseolus Acutifolius) and Identification RAPD Markers Linked to Genes that Confer Resistance by : Carlos Alberto Urrea Flórez
Download or read book Genetics of Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight in Tepary Bean (Phaseolus Acutifolius) and Identification RAPD Markers Linked to Genes that Confer Resistance written by Carlos Alberto Urrea Flórez and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Association Mapping in Plants by : Nnadozie C. Oraguzie
Download or read book Association Mapping in Plants written by Nnadozie C. Oraguzie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-06 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides both basic and advanced understanding of association mapping and an awareness of population genomics tools to facilitate mapping and identification of the underlying causes of quantitative trait variation in plants. It acts as a useful review of the marker technology, the statistical methodology, and the progress to date. It also offers guides to the use of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in association studies.
Book Synopsis New Perspectives and Approaches in Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Research by : P.A.H.M. Bakker
Download or read book New Perspectives and Approaches in Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Research written by P.A.H.M. Bakker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-02 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of increasing concern for food and environmental quality, use of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for reducing chemical inputs in agriculture is a potentially important issue. This book provides an update by renowned international experts on the most recent advances in the ecology of these important bacteria, the application of innovative methodologies for their study, their interaction with the host plant, and their potential application in agriculture.
Book Synopsis Plant-microbe Interactions 2 by : Gary Stacey
Download or read book Plant-microbe Interactions 2 written by Gary Stacey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-Microbe Interactions, Volume 2 Volume 1 of this series has made its appearance and dealt forcefully with impor tant current topics in the field of plant-microbe interactions. We believe that the quality of those chapters was high and should serve as a focal point for the state of the art as well as an enduring reference. Volume 2 builds upon these accom plishments. Chapter 1 discusses the fascinating lipo-chitin signal molecules from Rhizo bium, aspects regarding their biosynthesis, and the basis for host specificity. These molecules are a cardinal example of how microorganisms influence plant development and stimulate speculation that they have identified a previously un known aspect of plant hormone activity. Chapter 2 continues the discussion of Rhizobium by considering the trafficking of carbon and nitrogen in nodules. Al though the ostensible advantage of nodules to plants is the fixation of atmos pheric nitrogen, the actual process involved in supplying reduced nitrogen to the plant host is complex.
