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The Determinants Of Child Mortality Reduction In The Middle East And North Africa
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Book Synopsis The Determinants of Child Mortality Reduction in the Middle East and North Africa by : Farrukh Iqbal
Download or read book The Determinants of Child Mortality Reduction in the Middle East and North Africa written by Farrukh Iqbal and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although child mortality rates have declined all across the developing world over the past 40 years, they have fallen the most in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. We investigate the causes of this through an econometric model that differs from previous studies in using the change in child mortality, rather than its level, as the dependent variable. We show that the process of child mortality decline has been characterized by convergence, whereby countries with higher levels of initial child mortality have experienced faster declines than those with lower levels. In addition, we find that public spending on health, growth rates of income and levels of caloric adequacy are robust determinants of the change in child mortality over time. Neither initial mortality status nor caloric adequacy is likely to remain as important for the MENA region in the future as they have been in the past. The region has been benefitting less and less from the convergence momentum conferred by high initial child mortality as its mortality levels have declined over time and this will continue into the future. With regard to caloric adequacy, the region is unlikely to experience significant improvements in the future as it has already achieved a high level of food sufficiency. Accordingly, most countries in the region must look to achieving more rapid income growth and higher rates of appropriately targeted public spending on health in order to achieve further child mortality reductions in the future.
Book Synopsis The Reduction of Child Mortality in the Middle East and North Africa by : Farrukh Iqbal
Download or read book The Reduction of Child Mortality in the Middle East and North Africa written by Farrukh Iqbal and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although child mortality rates have declined all across the developing world over the past 40 years, they have declined the most in the Middle East and North Africa region. This paper documents this remarkable experience and shows that it is broad based in the sense that all countries in the Middle East and North Africa experienced significant declines in child mortality over this period and each country did better than most of its comparators. In looking for the sources of the region?s performance edge, the paper confirms the importance of such determinants of child mortality as income growth, education stock, public spending on health, urbanization, and food sufficiency. In addition, the paper establishes that the initial level of mortality has a substantial influence on the pace of subsequent child mortality decline. Of these factors, food sufficiency status is found to contribute to the region?s performance edge over all developing regions, while the other factors are found to matter to varying degrees in selected pairwise regional comparisons.
Book Synopsis Sustaining Gains in Poverty Reduction and Human Development in the Middle East and North Africa by : Farrukh Iqbal
Download or read book Sustaining Gains in Poverty Reduction and Human Development in the Middle East and North Africa written by Farrukh Iqbal and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the experience of the MENA region with poverty and human development since the mid-1980s. It finds that poverty rates did not decline by much during this period while health and education indicators improved substantially. The stagnation of poverty rates is ascribed to the stagnation of the region's economies during this period while the improvement in human indicators is likely due to several factors including improvement in the delivery of public health and education services.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) by : Robert Black
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.
Book Synopsis The Association Between Health Financing and Maternal and Child Health in Middle East and North Africa Countries by : Ahmed Mohamed Tammam Abdelgawad
Download or read book The Association Between Health Financing and Maternal and Child Health in Middle East and North Africa Countries written by Ahmed Mohamed Tammam Abdelgawad and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Improving maternal and child health outcomes for women and children is a critical step to achieve the MDGs; however it requires sufficient funding to implement proven quality interventions. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between the different health care financing options cross the Middle East and North Africa "MENA" countries and the maternal and child health outcomes. Our main argument is that: Can different health care financing strategies affect Maternal, Neonatal and Child health? If yes, How?. This study is based on a cross sectional analysis of twenty one states from MENA region between 2009 and 2013 exploring the three dimensions of the maternal and child health outcomes namely a) Infant mortality b) Maternal mortality and c) Child health. Correlation between financial and maternal and child health indicators as well as linear regressions was carried out to investigate the relationships between the maternal and child health indicators and health spending consequently health system financing strategy. The findings of this study indicate that more spending on health is highly associated with positive maternal and child health outcomes namely reduction in infant and child mortality. Our results also indicate that the improvements in government effectiveness in regards to government health spending is accompanied with higher maternal and child health outcomes. Thus, increasing government expenditures is likely to lead to better improvements of health outcomes if it is accompanied by the right policies and institutions, which was the case of the first group of countries in MENA region.
Book Synopsis Regional Effects of Maternal Mortality Determinants in Africa and the Middle East by : Jamal Mamkhezri
Download or read book Regional Effects of Maternal Mortality Determinants in Africa and the Middle East written by Jamal Mamkhezri and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: As per the United Nations Women data, the maternal mortality rate in war-affected countries is critical and more than 800 million people live in war-affected countries (ICRC). External and internal conflicts such as foreign pressure, war and cross-border, civil disorder, terrorism, and civil war, are characteristics of Middle Eastern and African countries. Therefore considering the rapid increment of political risks and internal and external conflicts in Africa and the Middle East during the last decade, and considering warfare as a key contributor to maternal mortality; This paper seeks to evaluate the factors that have caused significant rates of maternal mortality in Middle Eastern and African countries by emphasizing the contributions of a number of political risk aspects as Civil Disorder Index, Terrorism Index, Civil War Index, Foreign Pressures Index, Cross-Border Conflict Index, War Index along with other socio-economic factors.Method: Data were collected from forty-six countries during 2011-2016 to explore the regional contributions of political risk aspects to the maternal mortality rate through spatial approaches.Results: It was found that GDP per capita, energy intensity, and urbanization strongly impacted maternal mortality. Also, it was observed that natural resource rents and economic growth significantly influenced the reduction of mortality by expanding healthcare services. The urban expansion was found to have elevated maternal mortality. A majority of external and internal conflicts reduced the orientation of production toward healthcare services and thus raised maternal mortality. On the other hand, war and cross-border were found to pose opposite impacts.Conclusion: The findings revealed that political risks arising from terrorism, foreign pressure, and war in the adjacent countries would elevate the rate of mortality in the original country. This implies the spillover impacts of regional conflicts on maternal mortality elevation at the regional scale.
Book Synopsis From Death to Birth by : National Research Council
Download or read book From Death to Birth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-01-12 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 35 years or so have witnessed a dramatic shift in the demography of many developing countries. Before 1960, there were substantial improvements in life expectancy, but fertility declines were very rare. Few people used modern contraceptives, and couples had large families. Since 1960, however, fertility rates have fallen in virtually every major geographic region of the world, for almost all political, social, and economic groups. What factors are responsible for the sharp decline in fertility? What role do child survival programs or family programs play in fertility declines? Casual observation suggests that a decline in infant and child mortality is the most important cause, but there is surprisingly little hard evidence for this conclusion. The papers in this volume explore the theoretical, methodological, and empirical dimensions of the fertility-mortality relationship. It includes several detailed case studies based on contemporary data from developing countries and on historical data from Europe and the United States.
Book Synopsis Determinants of Child Mortality in Africa by : Ali Enami
Download or read book Determinants of Child Mortality in Africa written by Ali Enami and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current literature is ambiguous regarding the significance of public health expenditure in reducing mortality rate among children in cross country studies. In fact, several previous studies found the relationship between these two variables to be insignificant. Such findings indicate the existence of a huge inefficiency in public sector of struggling countries and discourage supports provided by donating entities. This study addresses the disagreement in the literature by pointing out how results are sensitive to the use of non-stationary variables that are used often in the literature. Using a Panel Vector Autoregressive model, no empirical evidence for the role of public health expenditure in reducing child mortality is found when non-stationary variables are used. However, results are significantly different as soon as stationary variables are substituted in the same model. In fact, the elasticity of under five mortality rate with respect to per capita public health expenditure is about -0.22 for African countries in the sample.
Book Synopsis Public Health in the Middle East and North Africa by : Anne Maryse Pierre-Louis
Download or read book Public Health in the Middle East and North Africa written by Anne Maryse Pierre-Louis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication contains papers presented at the Middle East regional symposium, held in Beirut in June 2002, to discuss public health challenges in the Middle East and North Africa and Eastern Mediterranean (MENA/EM) regions. Issues discussed include: public health functions and infrastructures, health economics, affordable and culturally appropriate services for disease prevention and treatment to reduce the dual burden of illness and disability, promotion strategies, the HIV/AIDS situation, issues of road safety, and strengthening primary health care in Iran.
Book Synopsis Subsidy Reform in the Middle East and North Africa by : Mr.Carlo A Sdralevich
Download or read book Subsidy Reform in the Middle East and North Africa written by Mr.Carlo A Sdralevich and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-07-09 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries price subsidies are common, especially on food and fuels. However, these are neither well targeted nor cost effective as a social protection tool, often benefiting mainly the better off instead of the poor and vulnerable. This paper explores the challenges of replacing generalized price subsidies with more equitable social safety net instruments, including the short-term inflationary effects, and describes the features of successful subsidy reforms.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484315448 Total Pages :19 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis IMF Research Bulletin, Summer 2017 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book IMF Research Bulletin, Summer 2017 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-08-11 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Summer 2017 issue of the IMF Research Bulletin highlights new research such as recent IMF Working Papers and Staff Discussion Notes. The Research Summaries are “Structural Reform Packages, Sequencing, and the Informal Economy (by Zsuzsa Munkacsi and Magnus Saxegaard) and “A Broken Social Contract, Not High Inequality Led to the Arab Spring” (by Shantayanan Devarajan and Elena Ianchovichina). The Q&A section features “Seven Questions on Fintech” (by Tommaso Mancini-Griffoli). The Bulletin also includes information on recommended titles from IMF Publications and the latest articles from the IMF Economic Review.
Book Synopsis Determinants of Infant and Child Mortality in Rural India by : S. Gunasekaran
Download or read book Determinants of Infant and Child Mortality in Rural India written by S. Gunasekaran and published by Gyan Publishing House. This book was released on 2008 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book which is based on the NFHS-I data focuses on the differentials and determinants of Infant and Child Mortality among three different under-5 mortality groups of states in rural India. The book first deals with the differentials in the housing characteristics, fertility behaviour of women, utilization of maternal area services, immunization and breast feeding practices and nutritional status of children among the three morality group of states. In the next stage, the levels, trends and differentials in infant and child mortality among the three mortality group of states are presented in detail. In the final stage multivariate analysis has been carried out to assess the effect of various socio-economic and maternal cream variables on infant and child mortality in rural India. This book will be very useful to the researchers, policy makers, with the programmes and research aimed to reduce Infant and Child Mortality in Rural India.
Book Synopsis Sexuality and Reproductive Health During Adolescence in Africa by : Barthélémy Kuate Defo
Download or read book Sexuality and Reproductive Health During Adolescence in Africa written by Barthélémy Kuate Defo and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reducing Maternal Mortality by : Marjorie A. Koblinsky
Download or read book Reducing Maternal Mortality written by Marjorie A. Koblinsky and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To assist countries in their efforts to improve maternal health and reduce maternal mortality, the World Bank is publishing two volumes - Investing in Maternal Health: Learning from Malaysia and Sri Lanka and Reducing Maternal Mortality: Learning from Bolivia, China, Egypt, Honduras, Indonesia, Jamaica, and Zimbabwe. These two books offer success stories and lessons learned in improving health and reducing maternal mortality in a range of developing countries. The first book is based on the experiences of Malaysia and Sri Lanka during the past five to six decades. The second book discusses the more recent experiences of Bolivia, China (Yunnan), Egypt, Honduras, Indonesia, Jamaica, and Zimbabwe. These nine countries have made important strides in improving maternal health, and these two books outline what worked and what did not."--BOOK JACKET.
Book Synopsis Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Dean T. Jamison
Download or read book Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Dean T. Jamison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current data and trends in morbidity and mortality for the sub-Saharan Region as presented in this new edition reflect the heavy toll that HIV/AIDS has had on health indicators, leading to either a stalling or reversal of the gains made, not just for communicable disorders, but for cancers, as well as mental and neurological disorders.
Book Synopsis Analyzing Health Equity Using Household Survey Data by : Adam Wagstaff
Download or read book Analyzing Health Equity Using Household Survey Data written by Adam Wagstaff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007-11-02 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have gaps in health outcomes between the poor and better off grown? Are they larger in one country than another? Are health sector subsidies more equally distributed in some countries than others? Are health care payments more progressive in one health care financing system than another? What are catastrophic payments and how can they be measured? How far do health care payments impoverish households? Answering questions such as these requires quantitative analysis. This in turn depends on a clear understanding of how to measure key variables in the analysis, such as health outcomes, health expenditures, need, and living standards. It also requires set quantitative methods for measuring inequality and inequity, progressivity, catastrophic expenditures, poverty impact, and so on. This book provides an overview of the key issues that arise in the measurement of health variables and living standards, outlines and explains essential tools and methods for distributional analysis, and, using worked examples, shows how these tools and methods can be applied in the health sector. The book seeks to provide the reader with both a solid grasp of the principles underpinning distributional analysis, while at the same time offering hands-on guidance on how to move from principles to practice.
Book Synopsis Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health by : Nanak Kakwani
Download or read book Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health written by Nanak Kakwani and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
