The Depressed Decision Maker

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The Depressed Decision Maker

Author : Dahlia Mukherjee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (955 download)

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Book Synopsis The Depressed Decision Maker by : Dahlia Mukherjee

Download or read book The Depressed Decision Maker written by Dahlia Mukherjee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is decision making impaired in mental illness populations? Can behavioral economics provide insight into clinical psychology? The present project addresses these broad questions through three studies. In the first study, two meta-analyses were conducted of experiments that used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to assess value based decision making in populations with mental illness. In the first meta-analysis (63 studies, combined N = 4,978), we compared IGT performance in healthy populations and populations with mental illness. In the second meta-analysis (40 studies, combined N = 1,813), we examined raw IGT performance scores as a function of type of mental illness. The first meta-analysis demonstrated that individuals with mental illness performed significantly worse than did healthy control individuals. The second meta-analysis demonstrated no performance differences based on type of mental illness. Impairment on the IGT, however, could indicate effects from several different decision processes. Accordingly, in the second study, using multiple decision tasks we explored different aspects of decision making in a single group that exhibited reliable effects in the meta-analysis, major depressive disorder. The second study answers three questions. First, how does decision making differ in clinically depressed individuals across a range of decision tasks? Second, where are the largest differences between clinically depressed and non-depressed individuals? And finally, how well can decision task performance discriminate depressed individuals from healthy controls? Depressed individuals' decision-making was significantly different across a range of decision tasks, but impaired learning and pessimism bias showed the strongest behavioral signature of depression. Decision tasks significantly predict depression, but are far outperformed by self-report measures as diagnostic tools. Overall, results suggest decision tasks are better suited to identify specific impaired processes rather than for diagnostic prediction. This study suggested depression is associated with impaired reward and punishment processing, but what are the underlying causes behind these deficits? In the third study, we performed a detailed analysis of reward and punishment learning in clinically depressed individuals, quantifying choice behavior by fitting reinforcement learning models. The results suggest that depression is characterized by hyposensitivity to reward. The reinforcement learning models show that depressed individuals engage habit-oriented model-free learning strategies in contrast to the goal-oriented model-based strategies engaged by healthy controls. Overall the three studies demonstrate how interdisciplinary research combining decision science and clinical psychology can help to better understand mental illness.

Crossing the Quality Chasm

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309132967
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Crossing the Quality Chasm by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Crossing the Quality Chasm written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-19 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second in a series of publications from the Institute of Medicine's Quality of Health Care in America project Today's health care providers have more research findings and more technology available to them than ever before. Yet recent reports have raised serious doubts about the quality of health care in America. Crossing the Quality Chasm makes an urgent call for fundamental change to close the quality gap. This book recommends a sweeping redesign of the American health care system and provides overarching principles for specific direction for policymakers, health care leaders, clinicians, regulators, purchasers, and others. In this comprehensive volume the committee offers: A set of performance expectations for the 21st century health care system. A set of 10 new rules to guide patient-clinician relationships. A suggested organizing framework to better align the incentives inherent in payment and accountability with improvements in quality. Key steps to promote evidence-based practice and strengthen clinical information systems. Analyzing health care organizations as complex systems, Crossing the Quality Chasm also documents the causes of the quality gap, identifies current practices that impede quality care, and explores how systems approaches can be used to implement change.

Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133661
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-03-29 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year, more than 33 million Americans receive health care for mental or substance-use conditions, or both. Together, mental and substance-use illnesses are the leading cause of death and disability for women, the highest for men ages 15-44, and the second highest for all men. Effective treatments exist, but services are frequently fragmented and, as with general health care, there are barriers that prevent many from receiving these treatments as designed or at all. The consequences of this are seriousâ€"for these individuals and their families; their employers and the workforce; for the nation's economy; as well as the education, welfare, and justice systems. Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions examines the distinctive characteristics of health care for mental and substance-use conditions, including payment, benefit coverage, and regulatory issues, as well as health care organization and delivery issues. This new volume in the Quality Chasm series puts forth an agenda for improving the quality of this care based on this analysis. Patients and their families, primary health care providers, specialty mental health and substance-use treatment providers, health care organizations, health plans, purchasers of group health care, and all involved in health care for mental and substanceâ€"use conditions will benefit from this guide to achieving better care.

Decison-Making Style Inventory, Participant's Workbook

Author : William C. Coscarelli
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0787988413
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (879 download)

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Book Synopsis Decison-Making Style Inventory, Participant's Workbook by : William C. Coscarelli

Download or read book Decison-Making Style Inventory, Participant's Workbook written by William C. Coscarelli and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-08-17 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most recent research into decision-making suggests that the most effective leaders are the ones who are able to adapt their decision-making style over time as their roles and responsibilities change. Discover a proven, easily understandable way to assess decision-making style with the Decision?Making Style Inventory. The Inventory offers a proven, easily understandable way to assess decision-making style. The Inventory measures two dimensions of decision-making: Two structural styles?Systematic and Spontaneous, and two processing styles?Internal and External. The 20-item Inventory determines which of four styles is an individual?s preferred style. It is a powerful tool that can be used in numerous developmental situations such as formal leadership training, coaching, and even performance appraisals. Use the Decision-Making Inventory Participant?s Workbook in conjunction with the Inventory to determine your decision-making style.

Deciding for Others

Author : Allen E. Buchanan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521311960
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Deciding for Others by : Allen E. Buchanan

Download or read book Deciding for Others written by Allen E. Buchanan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the most comprehensive treatment available of one of the most urgent problems in bioethics: decision-making for incompetents.

Relating Decision Making Styles, Depressive Symptoms, and Induced Mood to Risk Aversion

Author : Jami Gauthier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (741 download)

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Book Synopsis Relating Decision Making Styles, Depressive Symptoms, and Induced Mood to Risk Aversion by : Jami Gauthier

Download or read book Relating Decision Making Styles, Depressive Symptoms, and Induced Mood to Risk Aversion written by Jami Gauthier and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Depression is associated with decisions to withdraw from ones environment, and to avoid potentially rewarding situations. Currently, little research has examined the decision-making styles of depressed individuals. We investigated the relationships among depressive symptoms, decision-making styles, induced mood and the impact that each has on risk-aversion in hypothetical decisions made for the self and an unknown "other". Two hundred and forty undergraduates completed a survey packet which included our various depression and decision making measures. Results revealed that a positive interaction between the regret based style and symptom level was the only predictor of risk-averse choices made for the self (p=.017), and the analytical style was the only predictor of risk averse choices made for others (p=.009). Additional findings showed participants to be more risk averse for others than for themselves in higher risk situations, but more risk-seeking for others in low risk situations. Implications and future directions are discussed.

The Neural Basis of Social Decision Making in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Author : Huijun Zhang
Publisher : Open Dissertation Press
ISBN 13 : 9781361354117
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (541 download)

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Book Synopsis The Neural Basis of Social Decision Making in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder by : Huijun Zhang

Download or read book The Neural Basis of Social Decision Making in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder written by Huijun Zhang and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "The Neural Basis of Social Decision Making in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder" by Huijun, Zhang, 張慧君, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Social decision making is a complex process of selecting an optimal option with the most desirable outcome in the interpersonal context. Because of the involvement of human interactions, social decision making usually demands heavily on the affective neural system. Within the system mood plays a vital role in the social interaction. In this connection, given the fact that depression is characterized as a stable state of low mood, researches have begun focusing on exploring the relationship between depression and social decision making. As yet, research on how the depression influence social decision has been scarce. Moreover, the neural basis underpinning the relationships between depressed mood and altered social interactions is undertermined. This thesis contains two studies conducted to extend the understanding of the behavioural presentation and the neural underpinnings of people with depression when they were involved in a social decision making process. Study one examined altered ability of decision making in the context of social interaction among patients with major depressive disorders (MDD). A modified trust game (social interactive context) was adopted to measure the behavioural differences between 50 female patients with MDD and 49 healthy matched controls. Relatively to the controls, the MDD patients made less frequently and smaller ratio of deceptive decisions when the repayment proportion was high and when the risk was low. They also made less frequently benevolent responses than healthy participants when the repayment proportion was low and medium. These findings indicate that the MDD patients tended to be risk avoidant and fail to adjust their responses even when the risk was low. Study two examined the neural correlates associated with social decision making in people with MDD. They performed on a modified trust game while their brain activities during risky decision making (high vs. low) and choices of behavior (benevolence vs. deception) were monitored by a 3T MRI scanner. Fifteen MDD patients and 15 healthy controls participated in this study. The behavioural patterns of both groups were very comparable to that of study one. Findings revealed that, compared with low risk condition, MDD patients exhibited hyperresponsivity to high risk in the insula, a key brain in decision making. Attenuated differentiated activity in the caudate nucleus, and exaggerated differentiated activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex when displaying deception was observed in the clinical subjects. Healthy participants, on the other hand, exhibited increased activity in the interaction between risk and choice in the middle frontal lobe. These findings indicate that the impaired reward processing, as well as the inflexible adaptation of behaviors to external conditions, is affected by the depressed mood. These neural dysfunctions subserve the altered social decision making in MDD patients. From the observations that MDD patient's social decision making is altered both in the behavioural pattern and in neural activity, mood is demonstrated to affect social decision making processes and risk is associated with depression. Our findings provide neural evidence of social decision making in MDD patients, which will shed light on the interaction between mood and social cognition, and further extend our insight about possible mechanisms explaining the relationship of depr

Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309121787
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-10-28 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depression is a widespread condition affecting approximately 7.5 million parents in the U.S. each year and may be putting at least 15 million children at risk for adverse health outcomes. Based on evidentiary studies, major depression in either parent can interfere with parenting quality and increase the risk of children developing mental, behavioral and social problems. Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children highlights disparities in the prevalence, identification, treatment, and prevention of parental depression among different sociodemographic populations. It also outlines strategies for effective intervention and identifies the need for a more interdisciplinary approach that takes biological, psychological, behavioral, interpersonal, and social contexts into consideration. A major challenge to the effective management of parental depression is developing a treatment and prevention strategy that can be introduced within a two-generation framework, conducive for parents and their children. Thus far, both the federal and state response to the problem has been fragmented, poorly funded, and lacking proper oversight. This study examines options for widespread implementation of best practices as well as strategies that can be effective in diverse service settings for diverse populations of children and their families. The delivery of adequate screening and successful detection and treatment of a depressive illness and prevention of its effects on parenting and the health of children is a formidable challenge to modern health care systems. This study offers seven solid recommendations designed to increase awareness about and remove barriers to care for both the depressed adult and prevention of effects in the child. The report will be of particular interest to federal health officers, mental and behavioral health providers in diverse parts of health care delivery systems, health policy staff, state legislators, and the general public.

The Paradox of Choice

Author : Barry Schwartz
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 0061748994
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (617 download)

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Book Synopsis The Paradox of Choice by : Barry Schwartz

Download or read book The Paradox of Choice written by Barry Schwartz and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2009-10-13 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether we're buying a pair of jeans, ordering a cup of coffee, selecting a long-distance carrier, applying to college, choosing a doctor, or setting up a 401(k), everyday decisions—both big and small—have become increasingly complex due to the overwhelming abundance of choice with which we are presented. As Americans, we assume that more choice means better options and greater satisfaction. But beware of excessive choice: choice overload can make you question the decisions you make before you even make them, it can set you up for unrealistically high expectations, and it can make you blame yourself for any and all failures. In the long run, this can lead to decision-making paralysis, anxiety, and perpetual stress. And, in a culture that tells us that there is no excuse for falling short of perfection when your options are limitless, too much choice can lead to clinical depression. In The Paradox of Choice, Barry Schwartz explains at what point choice—the hallmark of individual freedom and self-determination that we so cherish—becomes detrimental to our psychological and emotional well-being. In accessible, engaging, and anecdotal prose, Schwartz shows how the dramatic explosion in choice—from the mundane to the profound challenges of balancing career, family, and individual needs—has paradoxically become a problem instead of a solution. Schwartz also shows how our obsession with choice encourages us to seek that which makes us feel worse. By synthesizing current research in the social sciences, Schwartz makes the counter intuitive case that eliminating choices can greatly reduce the stress, anxiety, and busyness of our lives. He offers eleven practical steps on how to limit choices to a manageable number, have the discipline to focus on those that are important and ignore the rest, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices you have to make.

MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR)

Author : Paul S. Appelbaum
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781568870717
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR) by : Paul S. Appelbaum

Download or read book MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR) written by Paul S. Appelbaum and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MacCAT-CR provides a structured format for capacity assessment that is adaptable to the particulars of any given research project. With the introduction of the MacCAT-CR, researchers enrolling human participants in their studieshave available for the first time a reliable and valid means of assessing their potential subject's capacity to consent to participation. The MacCAT-CR can typically be administered in 15-20 minutes. Beginning with project-specific disclosures to potential participants, the MacCAT-CR measures the four generally accepted components of decision-making competence: understanding, appreciation, reasoning, and the ability to express a choice. Quantification of subjects' responses permits comparisons across subjects and subject groups, and allows the MacCAT-CR to be used for not only for screening individual participants but also for conducting research on the characteristics of subject populations and for assessing the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase subjects' capacities.

Examining Treatment Decision-making of Depressed Individuals Across English and Spanish-speaking Samples

Author : Ashley Beth Elefant Baratz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Examining Treatment Decision-making of Depressed Individuals Across English and Spanish-speaking Samples by : Ashley Beth Elefant Baratz

Download or read book Examining Treatment Decision-making of Depressed Individuals Across English and Spanish-speaking Samples written by Ashley Beth Elefant Baratz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

DSM-5 Classification

Author : American Psychiatric Association
Publisher : American Psychiatric Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780890425664
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (256 download)

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Book Synopsis DSM-5 Classification by : American Psychiatric Association

Download or read book DSM-5 Classification written by American Psychiatric Association and published by American Psychiatric Publishing. This book was released on 2015-08-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handy DSM-5(R) Classification provides a ready reference to the DSM-5 classification of disorders, as well as the DSM-5 listings of ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes for all DSM-5 diagnoses. To be used in tandem with DSM-5(R) or the Desk Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria From DSM-5(R), the DSM-5(R) Classification makes accessing the proper diagnostic codes quick and convenient. With the advent of ICD-10-CM implementation in the United States on October 1, 2015, this resource provides quick access to the following: - The DSM-5(R) classification of disorders, presented in the same sequence as in DSM-5(R), with both ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes. All subtypes and specifiers for each DSM-5(R) disorder are included.- An alphabetical listing of all DSM-5 diagnoses with their associated ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes.- Separate numerical listings according to the ICD-9-CM codes and the ICD-10-CM codes for each DSM-5(R) diagnosis.- For all listings, any codable subtypes and specifiers are included with their corresponding ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM codes, if applicable. The easy-to-use format will prove indispensable to a diverse audience--for example, clinicians in a variety of fields, including psychiatry, primary care medicine, and psychology; coders working in medical centers and clinics; insurance companies processing benefit claims; individuals conducting utilization or quality assurance reviews of specific cases; and community mental health organizations at the state or county level.

Depression and Diabetes

Author : Wayne Katon
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119957478
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Depression and Diabetes by : Wayne Katon

Download or read book Depression and Diabetes written by Wayne Katon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the multiple interrelationships between depression and various physical diseases. The WPA is providing an update of currently available evidence on these interrelationships by the publication of three books, dealing with the comorbidity of depression with diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Depression is a frequent and serious comorbid condition in diabetes, which adversely affects quality of life and the long-term prognosis. Co-occurrent depression presents peculiar clinical challenges, making both conditions harder to manage. Depression and Diabetes is the first book devoted to the interaction between these common disorders. World leaders in diabetes, depression and public health synthesize current evidence, including some previously unpublished data, in a concise, easy-to-read format. They provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, medical costs, management, and public health and cultural implications of the comorbidity between depression and diabetes. The book describes how the negative consequences of depression in diabetes could be avoided, given that effective depression treatments for diabetic patients are available. Its practical approach makes the book ideal for all those involved in the management of these patients: psychiatrists, psychologists, diabetologists, general practitioners, diabetes specialist nurses and mental health nurses.

College Students' Depression Treatment Decision-making

Author : Reshmi Singh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis College Students' Depression Treatment Decision-making by : Reshmi Singh

Download or read book College Students' Depression Treatment Decision-making written by Reshmi Singh and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Social Decision-making in Depressed Patients and Healty Controls

Author : Oliver Hager
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Decision-making in Depressed Patients and Healty Controls by : Oliver Hager

Download or read book Social Decision-making in Depressed Patients and Healty Controls written by Oliver Hager and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Lost Connections

Author : Johann Hari
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1526634082
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis Lost Connections by : Johann Hari

Download or read book Lost Connections written by Johann Hari and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-12 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER: A radically new way of thinking about depression and anxiety 'A book that could actually make us happy' SIMON AMSTELL 'This amazing book will change your life' ELTON JOHN 'One of the most important texts of recent years' BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE 'Brilliant, stimulating, radical' MATT HAIG 'The more people read this book, the better off the world will be' NAOMI KLEIN 'Wonderful' HILLARY CLINTON 'Eye-opening' GUARDIAN 'Brilliant for anyone wanting a better understanding of mental health' ZOE BALL 'A game-changer' DAVINA MCCALL 'Extraordinary' DR MAX PEMBERTON Depression and anxiety are now at epidemic levels. Why? Across the world, scientists have uncovered evidence for nine different causes. Some are in our biology, but most are in the way we are living today. Lost Connections offers a radical new way of thinking about this crisis. It shows that once we understand the real causes, we can begin to turn to pioneering new solutions – ones that offer real hope.

MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T)

Author : Thomas Grisso
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781568870410
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T) by : Thomas Grisso

Download or read book MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T) written by Thomas Grisso and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T) is the product of an 8-year study of patients' capacities to make treatment decisions. It is a semi-structured interview that assists clinicians in assessing a patient's competence to consent to treatment. The process provides a patient with information about their medical/psychiatric condition, the type of treatment being recommended, its risks and benefits, as well as other possible treatments and their probable consequences. During this process, the MacCAT-T prompts the clinician to ask questions that assess the patient's understanding, appreciation, and reasoning regarding treatment decisions.The MacCAT-T Manual is a large-format, examiner-friendly field manual for conducting actual competency assessments. The MacCAT-T Record Form is well designed for recording, rating, and summarizing patient responses. The training videotape, Administering the MacCAT-T, demonstrates an actual administration of the test with discussion, comments, and annotations by Drs. Grisso and Appelbaum.The book, Assessing Competence to Consent to Treatment, describes the place of competence in the doctrine of informed consent, analyzes the elements of decision making, and shows how assessments of competence to consent to treatment can be conducted within varied general medical and psychiatric treatment settings. Includes numerous case studies.