The Demands Of Reason

Download The Demands Of Reason full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Demands Of Reason ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

The Demands of Reason

Author : Casey Perin
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191614076
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Demands of Reason by : Casey Perin

Download or read book The Demands of Reason written by Casey Perin and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-04-22 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sextus Empiricus' Outlines of Pyrrhonism is one of the most important and influential texts in the history of Greek philosophy. In The Demands of Reason Casey Perin exams those aspects of Pyrrhonian Scepticism as Sextus describes it in the Outlines that are of special philosophical significance: its commitment to the search for truth and to certain principles of rationality, its scope, and its consequences for action and agency. Perin argues that the Sceptic is engaged in the search for truth and that since this is so, the Sceptic aims to satisfy certain basic rational requirements. He explains how the fact that the Sceptic has this aim makes it necessary, as Sextus says it is, for the Sceptic to suspend judgment under certain conditions. Perin defends an interpretation of the scope of Scepticism according to which the Sceptic has no beliefs about how things are rather than merely appear to him to be. He then explores whether, and how, Sextus can respond to the objection that since the Sceptic lacks beliefs of this kind, he cannot act and Scepticism is not, as Sextus claims it is, a possible way of life.

Meeting the Demands of Reason

Author : Jay Bergman
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801457149
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Meeting the Demands of Reason by : Jay Bergman

Download or read book Meeting the Demands of Reason written by Jay Bergman and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Soviet physicist, dissident, and human rights activist Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975. The first Russian to have been so recognized, Sakharov in his Nobel lecture held that humanity had a "sacred endeavor" to create a life worthy of its potential, that "we must make good the demands of reason," by confronting the dangers threatening the world, both then and now: nuclear annihilation, famine, pollution, and the denial of human rights.Meeting the Demands of Reason provides a comprehensive account of Sakharov's life and intellectual development, focusing on his political thought and the effect his ideas had on Soviet society. Jay Bergman places Sakharov's dissidence squarely within the ethical legacy of the nineteenth-century Russian intelligentsia, inculcated by his father and other family members from an early age.In 1948, one year after receiving his doctoral candidate's degree in physics, Sakharov began work on the Soviet hydrogen bomb and later received both the Stalin and the Lenin prizes for his efforts. Although as a nuclear physicist he had firsthand experience of honors and privileges inaccessible to ordinary citizens, Sakharov became critical of certain policies of the Soviet government in the late 1950s. He never renounced his work on nuclear weaponry, but eventually grew concerned about the environmental consequences of testing and feared unrestrained nuclear proliferation.Bergman shows that these issues led Sakharov to see the connection between his work in science and his responsibilities to the political life of his country. In the late 1960s, Sakharov began to condemn the Soviet system as a whole in the name of universal human rights. By the 1970s, he had become, with Alexander Solzhenitsyn, the most recognized Soviet dissident in the West, which afforded him a measure of protection from the authorities. In 1980, however, he was exiled to the closed city of Gorky for protesting the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In 1986, the new Gorbachev regime allowed him to return to Moscow, where he played a central role as both supporter and critic in the years of perestroika.Two years after Sakharov's death, the Soviet Union collapsed, and in the courageous example of his unyielding commitment to human rights, skillfully recounted by Bergman, Sakharov remains an enduring inspiration for all those who would tell truth to power.

Epistemic Risk and the Demands of Rationality

Author : Richard Pettigrew
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192679457
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Epistemic Risk and the Demands of Rationality by : Richard Pettigrew

Download or read book Epistemic Risk and the Demands of Rationality written by Richard Pettigrew and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-14 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How much does rationality constrain what we should believe on the basis of our evidence? According to this book, not very much. For most people and most bodies of evidence, there is a wide range of beliefs that rationality permits them to have in response to that evidence. The argument, which takes inspiration from William James' ideas in 'The Will to Believe', proceeds from two premises. The first is a theory about the basis of epistemic rationality. It's called epistemic utility theory, and it says that what it is epistemically rational for you to believe is what it would be rational for you to choose if you were given the chance to pick your beliefs and, when picking them, you were to care only about their epistemic value. So, to say which beliefs are permitted, we must say how to measure epistemic value, and which decision rule to use when picking your beliefs. The second premise is a claim about attitudes to epistemic risk, and it says that rationality permits many different such attitudes. These attitudes can show up in epistemic utility theory in two ways: in the way you measure epistemic value; and in the decision rule you use to pick beliefs. This book explores the latter. The result is permissivism about epistemic rationality: different attitudes to epistemic risk lead to different choices of prior beliefs; given most bodies of evidence, different priors lead to different posteriors; and even once we fix your attitudes to epistemic risk, if they are at all risk-inclined, there is a range of different priors and therefore different posteriors they permit.

What Reason Demands

Author : Rüdiger Bittner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521377102
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (771 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis What Reason Demands by : Rüdiger Bittner

Download or read book What Reason Demands written by Rüdiger Bittner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989-04-28 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the arguments in favor of moral demands in contemporary ethical theory.

Morality by Degrees

Author : Alastair Norcross
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198844999
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Morality by Degrees by : Alastair Norcross

Download or read book Morality by Degrees written by Alastair Norcross and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Morality by Degrees, Alastair Norcross articulates and defends a radical new approach to ethical theory. Consequentialist theories of the right connect the rightness and wrongness (and related notions) of actions with the intrinsic goodness and badness of states of affairs consequential on those actions. The most popular such theory is maximization, which is said to demand of agents that they maximize the good, that they do the best they can, at all times. Thus it may seem that consequentialist theories are overly demanding, and, relatedly, that they cannot accommodate the phenomenon of going above and beyond the demands of duty. However, a clear understanding of consequentialism leaves no room for a theory of the right, at least not at the fundamental level of the theory. A consequentialist theory, such as utilitarianism, is a theory of how to rank outcomes, and derivatively actions, which provides reasons for choosing some actions over others. It is thus a purely scalar theory, with no demands that certain actions be performed, and no fundamental classification of actions as right or wrong. However, such notions may have pragmatic benefits at the level of application, since many people find it easier to guide their conduct by simple commands, rather than to think in terms of reasons of varying strength to do one thing rather than another. A contextualist semantics for various terms, such as "right", "permissible", "harm", when combined with the scalar approach to consequentialism, allows for the expression of truth-apt propositions with sentences containing such terms.

The Moral Demands of Affluence

Author : Garrett Cullity
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191622567
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Moral Demands of Affluence by : Garrett Cullity

Download or read book The Moral Demands of Affluence written by Garrett Cullity and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2006-09-21 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How much are we morally required to do to help people who are much worse off than us? On any credible moral outlook, other people's pressing need for assistance can ground moral requirements on us to help them—-requirements of beneficence. How far do those requirements extend? One way to think about this is by means of a simple analogy: an analogy between joining in efforts to help people at a distance and rescuing a needy person yourself, directly. Part I of Garrett Cullity's book examines this analogy. In some ways, the analogy is not only simple, but politically and metaphysically simplistic. However, it contains an important truth: we are morally required to help other people, indirectly as well as directly. But the number of needy people in the world is enormous, and their need is very great. Once we start to recognize requirements to help them, when is it morally acceptable to stop? Cullity answers this question in Part II. Examining the nature of beneficence, he argues that its requirements only make sense on the assumption that many of the interests we share in common-rich and poor alike-are interests it is not wrong to pursue.

The Demands of Taste in Kant's Aesthetics

Author : Brent Kalar
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1847144500
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (471 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Demands of Taste in Kant's Aesthetics by : Brent Kalar

Download or read book The Demands of Taste in Kant's Aesthetics written by Brent Kalar and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2006-10-15 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Typically philosophers have either viewed beauty as objective and judgments of beauty as universally valid, or else they have viewed beauty as subjective and regarded judgments of beauty as merely private preferences. Immanuel Kant is famous for his unique third path. Kant argues that beauty is subjective, but the judgment of taste about beauty is capable of universal validity. In his view, the beautiful is not a feature of objects themselves, but merely represents the way we respond to objects. Furthermore, the judgment of taste about beauty is a merely 'aesthetic' judgment - i.e., one based on a feeling of pleasure we take in the object. The judgment of taste, on the other hand, possesses 'universal validity': to call something beautiful is implicitly to 'demand' that all others find it beautiful as well. Kant's views about the taste for the beautiful have long been the subject of controversy. Scholars have differed over the interpretation of the demand contained in a judgment of taste and whether Kant's attempt to legitimate this demand is successful. Brent Kalar argues that the demands of taste should be understood as involving a uniquely aesthetic normativity rooted in Kant's cognitive psychology. If the basis of aesthetic pleasure in the activity of the cognitive faculties is properly understood, then Kant's attempt to legitimate the demands of taste may be regarded as a success. This leads Kalar to give a new interpretation of the nature of the beautiful according to Kant that re-examines the relationship between 'free play' and the 'form of purposiveness' in Kant's aesthetics, and restores the 'aesthetic ideas' to their rightful centrality in Kant's theory.

Kant and the Demands of Self-Consciousness

Author : Pierre Keller
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521004695
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (46 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Kant and the Demands of Self-Consciousness by : Pierre Keller

Download or read book Kant and the Demands of Self-Consciousness written by Pierre Keller and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study offers a striking new interpretation of Kant's theory of self-consciousness.

The Demands of Liberal Education

Author : Meira Levinson
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 019152249X
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Demands of Liberal Education by : Meira Levinson

Download or read book The Demands of Liberal Education written by Meira Levinson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1999-09-23 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What should the aims of education be in a liberal society and who should exercise control over education? How can children be taught to become good citizens of a pluralistic state? The Demands of Liberal Education seeks to answer these questions by drawing upon political theory, philosophy of education, and empirical research to develop a liberal theory of children's education that is provocative and new. The book argues that contrary to the assumptions of many philosophers, educators, parents and politicians, the liberal state is obligated as a matter of justice to help all children develop the capacity for autonomy. Levinson argues that liberal governments should exercise much greater control over schools than they now do.

Demands of Citizenship

Author : Catriona McKinnon
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 9780826477552
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (775 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Demands of Citizenship by : Catriona McKinnon

Download or read book Demands of Citizenship written by Catriona McKinnon and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2004-12-30 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the seventeenth century liberal thinkers have been interested in the rights of individuals and their capacities to engage as free equals in the political activity of their community. However, as many in the republican tradition have noted, the maintenance of certain types of communities - predicated on broadly shared ethical expectations, modes of communication and patterns of activity - is a precondition of the meaningful exercise of citizenship rights.This volume presents essays from many of the major names in the field, exploring citizenship from a fresh perspective. After two decades of strident individualism, in the light of claims that the liberal democratic state is under threat of collapse from the forces of globalization, and in the midst of a theoretical debate about the possible and desirable limits of individual autonomy, they argue that it is high time to go beyond the standard concern of what can be ascribed to citizens. We must ask what should be demanded of them, in the name of the protection of liberty, equality and stability.

Religion a Rational Demand

Author : George John Kirn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.M/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Religion a Rational Demand by : George John Kirn

Download or read book Religion a Rational Demand written by George John Kirn and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Original Sceptics

Author : Myles Burnyeat
Publisher : Hackett Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780872203471
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Original Sceptics by : Myles Burnyeat

Download or read book The Original Sceptics written by Myles Burnyeat and published by Hackett Publishing. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of five essays debating the nature and scope of ancient scepticism, and providing an introduction to the thought of the original sceptics. The book seeks to shed new light on how their thought relates to sceptical arguments in modern philosophy.

The Moral Demands of Affluence

Author : Garrett Cullity
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199204152
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Moral Demands of Affluence by : Garrett Cullity

Download or read book The Moral Demands of Affluence written by Garrett Cullity and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-09-21 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given that there is a forceful case for thinking that the affluent are morally required to devote a substantial proportion of what they have to helping the poor, Garrett Cullity examines, refines and defends an argument of this form. He then identifies its limits.

Critique of Practical Reason

Author : Immanuel Kant
Publisher : Courier Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0486113027
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (861 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Critique of Practical Reason by : Immanuel Kant

Download or read book Critique of Practical Reason written by Immanuel Kant and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-06-11 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1788 work, based on belief in the immortality of the soul, established Kant as a vindicator of the truth of Christianity. It offers the most complete statement of his theory of free will.

Mind

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Mind by :

Download or read book Mind written by and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quarterly review of philosophy.

Tragic Dilemmas in Christian Ethics

Author : Kate Jackson-Meyer
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
ISBN 13 : 1647122678
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (471 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Tragic Dilemmas in Christian Ethics by : Kate Jackson-Meyer

Download or read book Tragic Dilemmas in Christian Ethics written by Kate Jackson-Meyer and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tragic Dilemmas in Christian Ethics develops a new theological understanding of tragic dilemmas rooted in moral philosophy, contemporary case studies, and psychological literature on moral injury. Both academically rigorous and deeply pastoral, Jackson-Meyer offers practical strategies to Christian communities for dealing with tragic dilemmas.

Reasoned Administration and Democratic Legitimacy

Author : Jerry L. Mashaw
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108368891
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (83 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Reasoned Administration and Democratic Legitimacy by : Jerry L. Mashaw

Download or read book Reasoned Administration and Democratic Legitimacy written by Jerry L. Mashaw and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reasoned Administration and Democratic Legitimacy: How Administrative Law Supports Democratic Government explores the fundamental bases for the legitimacy of the modern administrative state. While some have argued that modern administrative states are a threat to liberty and at war with democratic governance, Jerry L. Mashaw demonstrates that in fact reasoned administration is more respectful of rights and equal citizenship and truer to democratic values than lawmaking by either courts or legislatures. His account features the law's demand for reason giving and reasonableness as the crucial criterion for the legality of administrative action. In an argument combining history, sociology, political theory and law, this book demonstrates how administrative law's demand for reasoned administration structures administrative decision-making, empowers actors within and outside the government, and supports a complex vision of democratic self-rule.