The Dark Cluster

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Clusters and Groups of Galaxies

Author : F. Mardirossian
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400964129
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Clusters and Groups of Galaxies by : F. Mardirossian

Download or read book Clusters and Groups of Galaxies written by F. Mardirossian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The large-scale structure of the Universe and systems Clusters, and Groups of galaxies are topics like Superclusters, They fully justify the meeting on "Clusters of great interest. and Groups of Galaxies". The topics covered included the spatial distribution and the clustering of galaxies; the properties of Superclusters, Clusters and Groups of galaxies; radio and X-ray observations; the problem of unseen matter; theories concerning hierarchical clustering, pancakes, cluster and galaxy formation and evolution. The meeting was held at the International Center for Theoretical Physics in Trieste (Italy) from September 13 to September 16, 1983. It was attended by about 150 participants from 22 nations who presented 67 invited lectures (il) and contributed papers (cp), and 45 poster papers (pp). The Scientific Organizing Committee consisted of F. Bertola, P. Biermann, A. Cavaliere, N. Dallaporta, D. Gerba1, M. Hack, J . V . Peach, D. Sciama (Chairman), G. Setti, M. Tarenghi. We are particularly indebted to D. Sciama, A. Cavaliere and F. Bertola for their work of coordination. We were acting as the three members of the Local Organizing Committee. Moreover, we are pleased to thank the Chairmen of the Sessions (M. Hack, N. Da11aporta, G. Burbidge, B. Mills, M. Rees, P. Biermann, L.Z. Fang, L. Gouguenheim) for their valuable help.

What Is Dark Matter?

Author : Peter Fisher
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691148341
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis What Is Dark Matter? by : Peter Fisher

Download or read book What Is Dark Matter? written by Peter Fisher and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-12 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What we know about dark matter and what we have yet to discover Astronomical observations have confirmed dark matter’s existence, but what exactly is dark matter? In What Is Dark Matter?, particle physicist Peter Fisher introduces readers to one of the most intriguing frontiers of physics. We cannot actually see dark matter, a mysterious, nonluminous form of matter that is believed to account for about 27 percent of the mass-energy balance in the universe. But we know dark matter is present by observing its ghostly gravitational effects on the behavior and evolution of galaxies. Fisher brings readers quickly up to speed regarding the current state of the dark matter problem, offering relevant historical context as well as a close look at the cutting-edge research focused on revealing dark matter’s true nature. Could dark matter be a new type of particle—an axion or a Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP)—or something else? What have physicists ruled out so far—and why? What experimental searches are now underway and planned for the near future, in hopes of detecting dark matter on Earth or in space? Fisher explores these questions and more, illuminating what is known and unknown, and what a triumph it will be when scientists discover dark matter’s identity at last.

Precision Cosmology with Galaxy Cluster Surveys

Author : Hao-Yi Wu
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Precision Cosmology with Galaxy Cluster Surveys by : Hao-Yi Wu

Download or read book Precision Cosmology with Galaxy Cluster Surveys written by Hao-Yi Wu and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The acceleration of the universe, which is often attributed to "dark energy, " has posed one of the main challenges to fundamental physics. Galaxy clusters provide one of the most sensitive probes of dark energy because their abundance reflects the growth rate of large-scale structure and the expansion rate of the universe. Several large galaxy cluster surveys will soon provide tremendous statistical power to constrain the properties of dark energy; however, the constraining power of these surveys will be determined by how well systematic errors are controlled. Of these systematic errors, the dominant one comes from inferring cluster masses using observable signals of clusters, the so-called "observable--mass distribution." This thesis focuses on extracting dark energy information from forthcoming large galaxy cluster surveys, including how we maximize the cosmological information, how we control important systematics, and how precisely we need to calibrate theoretical models. We study how multi-wavelength follow-up observations can improve cluster mass calibration in optical surveys. We also investigate the impact of theoretical uncertainties in calibrating the spatial distributions of galaxy clusters on dark energy constraints. In addition, we explore how the formation history of galaxy clusters impacts the self-calibration of cluster mass. In addition, we use N-body simulations to develop a new statistical sample of cluster-size halos in order to further understand the observable--mass distribution. We study the completeness of subhalos in our cluster sample by comparing them with the satellite galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We also study how subhalo selections impact the inferred correlation between formation time and optical mass tracers, including cluster richness and velocity dispersion.

Dark Matter in Astroparticle and Particle Physics

Author : Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812814345
Total Pages : 654 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Dark Matter in Astroparticle and Particle Physics by : Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus

Download or read book Dark Matter in Astroparticle and Particle Physics written by Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social networks have emerged as a major trend in computing and social paradigms in the past few years. The social network model helps to inform the study of community behavior, allowing qualitative and quantitative assessments of how people communicate and the rules that govern communication. Social Networking and Community Behavior Modeling: Qualitative and Quantitative Measures provides a clear and consolidated view of current social network models. This work explores new methods for modeling, characterizing, and constructing social networks. Chapters contained in this book study critical security issues confronting social networking, the emergence of new mobile social networking devices and applications, network robustness, and how social networks impact the business aspects of organizations.

The Harlow-Shapley Symposium on Globular Cluster Systems in Galaxies

Author : Jonathan E. Grindlay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401511047
Total Pages : 767 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Harlow-Shapley Symposium on Globular Cluster Systems in Galaxies by : Jonathan E. Grindlay

Download or read book The Harlow-Shapley Symposium on Globular Cluster Systems in Galaxies written by Jonathan E. Grindlay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 767 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the centennial year, 1985-86, of Harlow Shapley's birth, the study of globular clusters was no less important to the development of astronomy than in 1915, when Shapley first noted their concentration on the sky. By 1917 Shapley had used the properties of the system of globular clusters to complete the Copernican revolution and locate the solar system, and its Earth-bound observers, far from the center of the Galaxy and the globular cluster distribution. Seven decades later, in the year of these proceedings, globular cluster research and the study of the system of globular clusters in our own and distant galaxies is undergoing a renaissance of activity. The introduction of new observational tools, particularly CCD imagers and digital spectrographs, as well as powerful theoretical methods have transformed the study of globular clusters into one of the main line areas of modern astrophysics. Thus it seemed particularly appropriate to one of us, when considering how the Harvard College Observatory might mark the Shapley centennial, to propose and plan for an IAU Symposium on Globular Cluster Systems in Galaxies. Planning for the Shapley Symposium, as it came to be called, was even more drawn out than the preparation of this volume. The Symposium was originally proposed to the IAU Secretariat in time for it to be held in August, 1985, so that it might occur in the centennial (calendar) year.

Physics and Chemistry of Metal Cluster Compounds

Author : L.J. de Jongh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401512949
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Physics and Chemistry of Metal Cluster Compounds by : L.J. de Jongh

Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Metal Cluster Compounds written by L.J. de Jongh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Friday, February 20, 1980, I had the pleasure to be present at the inaugural lecture of my colleague Jan Reedijk, who had just been named at the Chair of Inorganic Chemistry of Leiden University. According to tradition, the ceremony took place in the impressive Hall of the old University Academy Building. In the course of his lecture, Jan mentioned a number of recent developments in chemistry which had struck him as particularly important or interesting. Among those was the synthesis of large metal cluster compounds, and, to my luck, he showed a slide ofthe molecular structure of [PtI9(C)b]4-. (To my luck, since at traditional Leiden University it is quite unusual to show slides at such ceremonies.) This constituted my first acquaintance with this exciting new class of materials. I became immediately fascinated by this molecule, partly because of the esthetic beauty of its fivefold symmetry, partly because as a physicist it struck me that it could be visualized as an "embryonically small" metal particle, embedded in a shell of CO ligands.

Soft X-Ray Emission from Clusters of Galaxies and Related Phenomena

Author : R. Lieu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402025645
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Soft X-Ray Emission from Clusters of Galaxies and Related Phenomena by : R. Lieu

Download or read book Soft X-Ray Emission from Clusters of Galaxies and Related Phenomena written by R. Lieu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of the cluster soft excess (CSE) over eight years ago, its properties and origin have been the subject of debate. With the recent launch of new missions such as XMM-Newton and FUSE, we are beginning to answer some of the complex issues regarding the phenomenon. This conference proceedings is an attempt to bring together the latest research results and covers both observational and theoretical work on the CSE and related topics. One of the main topics is the possible relationship between the CSE and the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), which is believed to harbor 50% of the baryons in the near Universe. New data from both XMM-Newton and FUSE have indicated a possible causal link between the WHIM and CSE. Evidence is based on the apparent detection of O VII emission lines in the soft excess spectrum of the outskirts of several clusters, as well as reports of absorption lines at local and higher redshifts (seen in the spectra of distant sources) as signature of the WHIM. However, while there has been considerable optimism in attributing a substantial fraction of the cluster soft excess flux to WHIM emission, other work shows that, for example, the amount of WHIM material predicted by theoretical simulations falls way short of that necessary to account for the CSE. Other work indicates that at the cores of some cluster this excess emission is so strong, it is impossible to invoke the thermal model without at the same time enlisting radically new physics. Thus alternative interpretations involving non-thermal processes are also reported and being pursued in earnest. Whatever the origin of CSE may turn out to be, results in this book show that it has become beyond reasonable doubt that the phenomenon itself is observationally established. This book reports the scientific progress made by bringing together scientists from a wide range of disciplines. It clearly demonstrates the importance of such meetings and participants if we are to solve this puzzle. This volume is aimed at scientists and graduate students in astronomy who want to learn about the latest results on cluster soft excess observations and theoretical implications.

Elementary Cluster Analysis

Author : James C. Bezdek
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000794784
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Elementary Cluster Analysis by : James C. Bezdek

Download or read book Elementary Cluster Analysis written by James C. Bezdek and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The availability of packaged clustering programs means that anyone with data can easily do cluster analysis on it. But many users of this technology don't fully appreciate its many hidden dangers. In today's world of "grab and go algorithms," part of my motivation for writing this book is to provide users with a set of cautionary tales about cluster analysis, for it is very much an art as well as a science, and it is easy to stumble if you don't understand its pitfalls. Indeed, it is easy to trip over them even if you do! The parenthetical word usually in the title is very important, because all clustering algorithms can and do fail from time to time. Modern cluster analysis has become so technically intricate that it is often hard for the beginner or the non-specialist to appreciate and understand its many hidden dangers. Here's how Yogi Berra put it, and he was right: In theory there's no difference between theory and practice. In practice, there is ~Yogi Berra This book is a step backwards, to four classical methods for clustering in small, static data sets that have all withstood the tests of time. The youngest of the four methods is now almost 50 years old: Gaussian Mixture Decomposition (GMD, 1898) SAHN Clustering (principally single linkage (SL, 1909)) Hard c-means (HCM, 1956, also widely known as (aka) "k-means") Fuzzy c-means (FCM, 1973, reduces to HCM in a certain limit) The dates are the first known writing (to me, anyway) about these four models. I am (with apologies to Marvel Comics) very comfortable in calling HCM, FCM, GMD and SL the Fantastic Four. Cluster analysis is a vast topic. The overall picture in clustering is quite overwhelming, so any attempt to swim at the deep end of the pool in even a very specialized subfield requires a lot of training. But we all start out at the shallow end (or at least that's where we should start!), and this book is aimed squarely at teaching toddlers not to be afraid of the water. There is no section of this book that, if explored in real depth, cannot be expanded into its own volume. So, if your needs are for an in-depth treatment of all the latest developments in any topic in this volume, the best I can do - what I will try to do anyway - is lead you to the pool, and show you where to jump in.

New Vision Of An Old Cluster, A - Untangling Coma Berenices

Author : Alain Mazure
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814545414
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis New Vision Of An Old Cluster, A - Untangling Coma Berenices by : Alain Mazure

Download or read book New Vision Of An Old Cluster, A - Untangling Coma Berenices written by Alain Mazure and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-08-15 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Together with Virgo, the Coma Berenices cluster is one of the most well-studied clusters at all wavelengths and in all aspects, from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect to star formation in galaxies. In a way, it is the prototype of rich clusters. Recent observational results, linked to the improvement of techniques such as X-ray and UV observations, along with multi-object spectroscopy, have shown that they could change our vision of this cluster. It is thus time for observers and theoreticians to confront all these new ideas and observations on the Coma cluster.The topics in this volume include: cosmological aspects of the Coma cluster, comparison with distant clusters; substructures; matter content and distribution; Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect; dynamical modelling, cluster dynamics; environmental effects on galaxies, star formation.

Extragalactic Globular Cluster Systems

Author : Markus Kissler-Patig
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540404729
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Extragalactic Globular Cluster Systems by : Markus Kissler-Patig

Download or read book Extragalactic Globular Cluster Systems written by Markus Kissler-Patig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-21 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dramatic progress is a trademark of the recent study of globular cluster systems. Considerations about the formation and evolution compose the first chapter, followed by a chapter on young star clusters. Then come four chapters reviewing the globular cluster system of early-type, late-type and dwarf galaxies, as well as of groups of galaxies. One chapter is dedicated to stellar population models and their applications to the field. Finally a chapter reviews the kinematics of galaxies derived from globular cluster systems and another their role in the context of galaxy formation and evolution studies. As a whole, the book gives an up-to-date view of the field at the beginning of the new decade, which will without doubt again bring significant progress in our understanding of globular cluster systems and galaxy formation and evolution.

Searching for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma Rays

Author : Andrea Albert
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1681742705
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (817 download)

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Book Synopsis Searching for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma Rays by : Andrea Albert

Download or read book Searching for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma Rays written by Andrea Albert and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Searching for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma Rays summarizes the evidence for dark matter and what we can learn about its particle nature using cosmic gamma rays. It has almost been 100 years since Fritz Zwicky first detected hints that most of the matter in the Universe that doesn't directly emit or reflect light. Since then, the observational evidence for dark matter has continued to grow. Dark matter may be a new kind of particle that is governed by physics beyond our Standard Model of particle physics. In many models, dark matter annihilation or decay produces gamma rays. There are a variety of instruments observing the gamma-ray sky from tens of MeV to hundreds of TeV. Some make deep, focused observations of small regions, while others provide coverage of the entire sky. Each experiment offers complementary sensitivity to dark matter searches in a variety of target sizes, locations, and dark matter mass scales. We review results from recent gamma-ray experiments including anomalies some have attributed to dark matter. We also discuss how our gamma-ray observations complement other dark matter searches and the prospects for future experiments.

Dark Matter in Open Clusters

Author : Åke Wallenquist
Publisher : Coronet Books
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Dark Matter in Open Clusters by : Åke Wallenquist

Download or read book Dark Matter in Open Clusters written by Åke Wallenquist and published by Coronet Books. This book was released on 1975 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Knowledge

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowledge by :

Download or read book Knowledge written by and published by . This book was released on 1894 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cluster And Nanostructure Interfaces - Proceedings Of The International Symposium

Author : Purusottam Jena
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814493600
Total Pages : 760 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Cluster And Nanostructure Interfaces - Proceedings Of The International Symposium by : Purusottam Jena

Download or read book Cluster And Nanostructure Interfaces - Proceedings Of The International Symposium written by Purusottam Jena and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000-08-21 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the evolution of the properties of clusters, nanostructures and cluster-based materials, with emphasis on the role of the interface. These materials are characterized by reduced size, dimension and symmetry, and possess many novel properties that are not commonly seen in their bulk phases. The topics include synthesis, nucleation, growth, characterization, atomic and electronic structure, dynamics, ultra-fast spectroscopy, stability; electrical, magnetic, optical, thermodynamic and catalytic properties of clusters (free and supported); cluster materials (self-assembled, ligated and embedded); nanostructures (quantum dots, wells and corrals; nanotubes and wires; colloidal and biological materials) and nano-technology (electronic, magnetic and optical devices). In addition to presenting the current status of the field, the book discusses outstanding problems and future directions.

Knowledge & Illustrated Scientific News

Author : Edwin Sharpe Grew
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowledge & Illustrated Scientific News by : Edwin Sharpe Grew

Download or read book Knowledge & Illustrated Scientific News written by Edwin Sharpe Grew and published by . This book was released on 1894 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Small Industrial Cluster in Indonesia: Cooperation and Competition

Author : Arief Hoetoro
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya Press
ISBN 13 : 6022033179
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Small Industrial Cluster in Indonesia: Cooperation and Competition by : Arief Hoetoro

Download or read book Small Industrial Cluster in Indonesia: Cooperation and Competition written by Arief Hoetoro and published by Universitas Brawijaya Press. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Programs to improve the performance of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) through clustering is now becoming the design of industrial and innovation policies which is implemented by policy makers in Indonesia. There has been a common perception that clusters are able to encourage entrepreneurship, learning, and productivity improvements for MSEs more effectively. This common perception, however, should be further explored whether clustered MSEs successfully obtain "collective efficiency" from clusters or they even suffer from "collective failure". This book is an attempt to reveal such issues of MSEs clustering by presenting a case study on small industrial clusters in Central Java which is well known as the "heartland" of MSEs operate in clusters. While supporting programs are persistently introduced to such clusters, in fact, to obtain "the collective efficiency of clustering" is not so easy. Unfair competition accompanied by ineffective cooperation might be factors that cause to clustered MSEs failed to gain the benefit of clustering.

Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Business Clusters Promoting Enterprise in Central and Eastern Europe

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264007113
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Business Clusters Promoting Enterprise in Central and Eastern Europe by : OECD

Download or read book Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Business Clusters Promoting Enterprise in Central and Eastern Europe written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2005-08-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the importance and potential of cluster initiatives in Central and Eastern Europe. Existing clusters are mapped, recent policy advances are described and conclusions are drawn on the potential of business clusters to foster economic growth.