The Cycle And Dynamics Of Reform And Neglect In A State Juvenile Corrections Agency

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Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172357
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.

Biennial Reports

Author : Vermont. Director of State Institutions
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Biennial Reports by : Vermont. Director of State Institutions

Download or read book Biennial Reports written by Vermont. Director of State Institutions and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Juvenile Justice

Author : Barry Krisberg
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 0761925015
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (619 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Justice by : Barry Krisberg

Download or read book Juvenile Justice written by Barry Krisberg and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2005 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juvenile justice policies have historically been built on a foundation of myths and misconceptions. Fear of young, drug-addled superpredators, concerns about immigrants and gangs, claims of gender biases, and race hostilities have influenced the public′s views and, consequently, the evolution of juvenile justice. These myths have repeatedly confused the process of rational policy development for the juvenile justice system. Juvenile Justice: Redeeming Our Children debunks myths about juvenile justice in order to achieve an ideal system that would protect vulnerable children and help build safer communities. Author Barry Krisberg assembles broad and up-to-date research, statistical data, and theories on the U.S. juvenile justice system to encourage effective responses to youth crime. This text gives a historical context to the ongoing quest for the juvenile justice ideal and examines how the current system of laws, policies, and practices came into place.Juvenile Justice reviews the best research-based knowledge on what works and what does not work in the current system. The book also examines failed juvenile justice policies and applies high standards of scientific evidence to seek new resolutions. This text helps students embrace the value of redemptive justice and serves as a springboard for the current generation to implement sounder social policies. Juvenile Justice is an ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate students studying juvenile justice in Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Sociology. The book is also an excellent supplemental text for juvenile delinquency courses. About the AuthorBarry Krisberg, PhD has been President of the National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) since 1983. Dr. Krisberg received both his master′s degree in Criminology and his doctorate in Sociology from the University of Pennsylvania. He is currently Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Hawaii and has held previous faculty positions at the University of California at Berkeley and the University of Minnesota. Dr. Krisberg was appointed by the legislature to serve on the California Blue Ribbon Commission on Inmate Population Management. He has several books and articles to his credit, is known nationally for his research and expertise on juvenile justice issues, and is called upon as a resource for professionals and the media.

Reforming Juvenile Justice

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309278937
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice by : National Research Council

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.

Last Chance in Texas

Author : John Hubner
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 1588361632
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (883 download)

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Book Synopsis Last Chance in Texas by : John Hubner

Download or read book Last Chance in Texas written by John Hubner and published by Random House. This book was released on 2008-04-29 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful, bracing and deeply spiritual look at intensely, troubled youth, Last Chance in Texas gives a stirring account of the way one remarkable prison rehabilitates its inmates. While reporting on the juvenile court system, journalist John Hubner kept hearing about a facility in Texas that ran the most aggressive–and one of the most successful–treatment programs for violent young offenders in America. How was it possible, he wondered, that a state like Texas, famed for its hardcore attitude toward crime and punishment, could be leading the way in the rehabilitation of violent and troubled youth? Now Hubner shares the surprising answers he found over months of unprecedented access to the Giddings State School, home to “the worst of the worst”: four hundred teenage lawbreakers convicted of crimes ranging from aggravated assault to murder. Hubner follows two of these youths–a boy and a girl–through harrowing group therapy sessions in which they, along with their fellow inmates, recount their crimes and the abuse they suffered as children. The key moment comes when the young offenders reenact these soul-shattering moments with other group members in cathartic outpourings of suffering and anger that lead, incredibly, to genuine remorse and the beginnings of true empathy . . . the first steps on the long road to redemption. Cutting through the political platitudes surrounding the controversial issue of juvenile justice, Hubner lays bare the complex ties between abuse and violence. By turns wrenching and uplifting, Last Chance in Texas tells a profoundly moving story about the children who grow up to inflict on others the violence that they themselves have suffered. It is a story of horror and heartbreak, yet ultimately full of hope.

Delays in Youth Justice

Author : Jeffrey A. Butts
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437929729
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Delays in Youth Justice by : Jeffrey A. Butts

Download or read book Delays in Youth Justice written by Jeffrey A. Butts and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-08 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Introduction: Time and Adolescence; Policy and Practice; (2) The History of Court Delay; (3) The Causes and Effects of Delayed Justice; (4) Controlling Court Delay: Legal/Professional Efforts; Managerial Efforts; (5) Controlling Juvenile Court Delay: Constitutional Provisions; Limiting Due Process for Juveniles; Legislation and Rules in the Juvenile Court; (6) Recent Trends in Delinquency Case Processing Time; (7) Delay Reduction Efforts in Three Juvenile Courts; (8) Conclusions; (9) References; Cases Cited; (10) Appendices. Charts and tables.

Texas Juvenile Law

Author : Robert O. Dawson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Texas Juvenile Law by : Robert O. Dawson

Download or read book Texas Juvenile Law written by Robert O. Dawson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Lost Childhoods

Author : Michaela Soyer
Publisher : University of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520296702
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Lost Childhoods by : Michaela Soyer

Download or read book Lost Childhoods written by Michaela Soyer and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2018-11-20 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lost Childhoods focuses on the life-course histories of thirty young men serving time in the Pennsylvania adult prison system for crimes they committed when they were minors. The narratives of these young men, their friends, and relatives reveal the invisible yet deep-seated connection between the childhood traumas they suffered and the violent criminal behavior they committed during adolescence. By living through domestic violence, poverty, the crack epidemic, and other circumstances, these men were forced to grow up fast all while familial ties that should have sustained them were broken at each turn. The book goes on to connect large-scale social policy decisions and their effects on family dynamics and demonstrates the limits of punitive justice.

After the Doors Were Locked

Author : Daniel E. Macallair
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442246723
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis After the Doors Were Locked by : Daniel E. Macallair

Download or read book After the Doors Were Locked written by Daniel E. Macallair and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The California youth corrections system is undergoing the most sweeping transformation in its 154-year history. The extraordinary nature of this change is revealed by the striking decline in the state’s youth incarceration rate. In 1996, with 10,000 youth confined in 11 state-run correctional facilities, California boasted the nation’s third highest youth incarceration rate. Now, with only 800 youth remaining in a system comprised of just three institutions, California has one of the nation’s lowest youth incarceration rate. How did such unprecedented changes occur and what were the crucial conditions that produced them? Daniel E. Macallair answers these questions through an examination of the California youth corrections system’s origins and evolution, and the patterns and practices that ultimately led to its demise. Beginning in the 19th century, California followed national juvenile justice trends by consigning abused, neglected, and delinquent youth to congregate care institutions known as reform schools. These institutions were characterized by their emphasis on regimentation, rigid structure, and harsh discipline. Behind the walls of these institutions, children and youth, who ranged in age from eight to 21, were subjected to unspeakable cruelties. Despite frequent public outcry, life in California reform schools changed little from the opening of the San Francisco Industrial School in 1859 to the dissolution of the California Youth Authority (CYA) in 2005. By embracing popular national trends at various times, California encapsulates much of the history of youth corrections in the United States. The California story is exceptional since the state often assumed a leadership role in adopting innovative policies intended to improve institutional treatment. The California juvenile justice system stands at the threshold of a new era as it transitions from a 19th century state-centered institutional model to a decentralized structure built around localized services delivered at the county level. After the Doors Were Locked is the first to chronicle the unique history of youth corrections and institutional care in California and analyze the origins of today’s reform efforts. This book offers valuable information and guidance to current and future generations of policy makers, administrators, judges, advocates, students and scholars.

The Toughest Beat

Author : Joshua Page
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199985073
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis The Toughest Beat by : Joshua Page

Download or read book The Toughest Beat written by Joshua Page and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Toughest Beat uses the rise of the California Correctional Peace Officers Association, the state's powerful prison officers' union, to explore the actors and interests that have created, shaped, and protected the Golden State's sprawling, dysfunctional penal system -- and how it might yet be transformed.

Family Life, Delinquency and Crime

Author : Kevin N. Wright
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Family Life, Delinquency and Crime by : Kevin N. Wright

Download or read book Family Life, Delinquency and Crime written by Kevin N. Wright and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes how positive parental involvement deters delinquent behavior while its absence -- or worse, its negative counterpart -- fosters misconduct. Researchers conclude that children raised in supportive, affectionate, and accepting homes are less likely to become deviant.

Juvenile Justice

Author : Steven M. Cox
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1506348998
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Justice by : Steven M. Cox

Download or read book Juvenile Justice written by Steven M. Cox and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2017-08-17 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The text is written from a practical standpoint, which students are likely to understand and appreciate." —Lindsey Livingston Runell, J.D., Ph.D., Kutztown University Brief, focused, and up-to-date, Juvenile Justice: A Guide to Theory, Policy, and Practice, Ninth Edition, is a must-have text that takes students on a journey through the practical realities of the juvenile justice system and the most current topics in the field. Students not only learn about the history, process, and theories of the juvenile justice system, but they also gain access to the latest crime measurements and explore important issues such as community-based sanctions, treatment and rehabilitation, gangs, and international youth crime. Emphasizing evidence-based practices, the authors guide readers through the methods and problems of the system and offer realistic insights for students interested in a career in juvenile justice. Real-life examples, excellent pedagogical features, and a complete online ancillary package are provided to help instructors effectively teach the course and help students learn interactively. Give your students the SAGE edge! SAGE edge offers a robust online environment featuring an impressive array of free tools and resources for review, study, and further exploration, keeping both instructors and students on the cutting edge of teaching and learning. Learn more at edge.sagepub.com/coxjj9e.

Dependent Children

Author : Interstate Congress of Workers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Dependent Children by : Interstate Congress of Workers

Download or read book Dependent Children written by Interstate Congress of Workers and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Revoked

Author : Allison Frankel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (118 download)

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Book Synopsis Revoked by : Allison Frankel

Download or read book Revoked written by Allison Frankel and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[The report] finds that supervision -– probation and parole -– drives high numbers of people, disproportionately those who are Black and brown, right back to jail or prison, while in large part failing to help them get needed services and resources. In states examined in the report, people are often incarcerated for violating the rules of their supervision or for low-level crimes, and receive disproportionate punishment following proceedings that fail to adequately protect their fair trial rights."--Publisher website.

Criminal Justice Contact and Inequality

Author : Kristin Turney
Publisher : Rsf: The Russell Sage Foundati
ISBN 13 : 9780871547460
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (474 download)

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Book Synopsis Criminal Justice Contact and Inequality by : Kristin Turney

Download or read book Criminal Justice Contact and Inequality written by Kristin Turney and published by Rsf: The Russell Sage Foundati. This book was released on 2019-02-18 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policymakers and the public are increasingly aware of the dire consequences of mass incarceration for millions of individuals and families. However, incarceration is only one component of the larger criminal justice system. Many more individuals have contact with the criminal justice system through arrests, misdemeanor convictions, and the accumulation of fines and fees, without spending time behind bars. In this issue of RSF, editors sociologist Kristin Turney and criminologist Sara Wakefield and a multi-disciplinary group of authors analyze how the range of criminal justice contact create, maintain, and exacerbate inequalities. Contributors show that the vast scope of the criminal justice system disproportionately targets low-income and minority populations, with serious consequences across the life course. Several articles explore the ramifications of ongoing surveillance. Amanda Geller and Jeffrey Fagan survey adolescents who come into contact with law enforcement and find that intrusive police stops contribute to heightened cynicism toward the legal system, suggesting that aggressive policing weakens youths' deference to law and legal authorities. Robert Vargas and coauthors study police-dispatcher radio communications and show that data breaches where the dispatcher reveals confidential identifying information about individuals reporting criminal activity are more common in predominantly black and Latino neighborhoods. Because police scanners are accessible by the public, these breaches make residents more vulnerable to criminals, gangs, or predatory businesses. Other contributors explore the effects of criminal justice contact on family life. Frank Edwards examines how families' interactions with the child welfare system differ by race and shows that black and Native American families living in counties with high arrest rates are more likely to be investigated for child abuse and neglect than similar families in counties with low arrest rates. For whites, by contrast, poverty--rather than arrests--is the strongest predictor for contact with the child welfare system. In an ethnographic study of bail bond agents, Joshua Page and coauthors find that this industry uses predatory methods to extract bail from the female relatives and partners of incarcerated individuals, increasing financial hardship particularly among low-income women of color. The criminal justice system is an institution of social stratification in the United States. By documenting how regimes of punishment and surveillance extend far beyond prison, this issue advances our understanding of how social inequalities are perpetuated by a supposedly impartial system.

Family Conferencing and Juvenile Justice

Author : Christine Alder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780642198815
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Family Conferencing and Juvenile Justice by : Christine Alder

Download or read book Family Conferencing and Juvenile Justice written by Christine Alder and published by . This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributors from Australia and New Zealand in this debate on juvenile justice are both for and against family conferencing. The approach is shown at work in New Zealand, South Australia, Western Australia and in Wagga Wagga, NSW, and then discussed for its rationale, the rights afforded to the offender,the role of the police and state power, implementation options, and democratising social control. A bibliography and an index are included.