The Cradle of American Space Exploration

Download The Cradle of American Space Exploration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Apogee Books
ISBN 13 : 9781989044049
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Cradle of American Space Exploration by : KENNY. MITCHELL

Download or read book The Cradle of American Space Exploration written by KENNY. MITCHELL and published by Apogee Books. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the end of World War II, the U.S. government transferred Dr. Wernher von Braun and his team of scientists from Germany to America. No one could have imagined that the greatest engineering feat in human history would result. Working together, the Germans and their American counterparts became the Apollo team capable of responding to a presidential challenge issued in 1962 to take mankind to the Moon before the decade's end. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center was the platform and team think thank that produced one of the most awe-inspiring machines ever built, the Saturn V rocket. In 1969, the Apollo/Saturn V team and their miracle of engineering landed two men on the Moon and provided the means of returning the three-man crew safely to Earth. Like the fire and billowing smoke of the mighty Saturn V, the fusion of German, American and Apollo cultures became evidenced in the surrounding economic, academic and social environments. One of the most advanced engineering and scientific communities in the world emerged: Huntsville, Alabama, Rocket City USA. Kenny Mitchell, a retired NASA engineer and consultant, began his career in Huntsville in 1959 as a co-op student at the Army Ballistic Missile Agency located at Redstone Arsenal. He worked his way up the ladder and managed many NASA projects, including establishing the first NASA office in Moscow, Russia as a U.S. diplomat. Mitchell lived the Apollo era first-hand, meticulously documenting his experience while also conducting exhaustive research into the contributions made by the men and women of Marshall Space Flight Center. Complete with untold stories of historical accounts, this book is a valuable resource for the next generation of space explorers whose contributions will continue the legacy. It gives special insight into the origins of the unique character of the city known as "the Cradle of American Space Exploration."

Space Exploration in the United States

Download Space Exploration in the United States PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (161 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Space Exploration in the United States by : Thomas Gangale

Download or read book Space Exploration in the United States written by Thomas Gangale and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This select volume of historical documents is organized chronologically, spanning from 1914 to the present. Divided into eight chapters, it includes a narrative introduction to each historical period. This collection of historical documents provides insight into the history of the United States in its pursuit of the peaceful uses of outer space, with emphasis on the manned space program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, as well as commercial American activities supporting human spaceflight in the early 21st century. Rocketry and space technology have served varied goals throughout the Space Age: pure research, as well as research applied for national security, national prestige, and commercial profit. There have been varied actors as well, among them individuals supported by philanthropists as well as governments, intergovernmental organizations, international consortiums, and for-profit corporations. This book focuses on space exploration, and in particular, human space exploration, leading to the questions, "Why have humans gone into outer space in the past?" and "Why will they do so in the future?" These documents help readers to examine the variety of fascinating answers to those questions.

Frontiers of Space Exploration

Download Frontiers of Space Exploration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Greenwood
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Frontiers of Space Exploration by : Roger D. Launius

Download or read book Frontiers of Space Exploration written by Roger D. Launius and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1998 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most up-to-date one-stop source of information, analysis, biographical profiles, and key primary documents on space exploration.

NASA and American Space Exploration

Download NASA and American Space Exploration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781536141498
Total Pages : 617 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (414 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis NASA and American Space Exploration by : Sherman Hanson

Download or read book NASA and American Space Exploration written by Sherman Hanson and published by . This book was released on with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of NASA's past operations and provides detailed accounts of some current missions and how they will form the future of space exploration.

The Smithsonian History of Space Exploration

Download The Smithsonian History of Space Exploration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Smithsonian Institution
ISBN 13 : 1588346374
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (883 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Smithsonian History of Space Exploration by : Roger D. Launius

Download or read book The Smithsonian History of Space Exploration written by Roger D. Launius and published by Smithsonian Institution. This book was released on 2018-10-23 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first in-depth, fully illustrated history of global space discovery and exploration from ancient times to the modern era “The Smithsonian History of Space Exploration examines civilization’s continued desire to explore the next frontier as only the Smithsonian can do it.” —Buzz Aldrin, Gemini 12 and Apollo 11 astronaut and author of No Dream Is Too High Former NASA and Smithsonian space curator and historian Roger D. Launius presents a comprehensive history of our endeavors to understand the universe, honoring millennia of human curiosity, ingenuity, and achievement. This extensive study of international space exploration is packed with over 500 photographs, illustrations, graphics, and cutaways, plus plenty of sidebars on key scientific and technological developments, influential figures, and pioneering spacecraft. Starting with space exploration's origins in the pioneering work undertaken by ancient civilizations and the great discoveries of the Renaissance thinkers, Launius also devotes whole chapters to our space race to the Moon, space planes and orbital stations, and the lure of the red planet Mars. He also offers new insights into well-known moments such as the launch of Sputnik 1 and the Apollo Moon landing and explores the unexpected events and hidden figures of space history. The final chapters cover the technological and mechanical breakthroughs enabling humans to explore far beyond our own planet in recent decades, speculating on the future of space exploration, including space tourism and our possible future as an extraterrestrial species. This is a must-read for space buffs and everyone intrigued by the history and future of scientific discovery. "This oversize offering is a space nerd’s dream come true." —Booklist

Space Policy and Exploration

Download Space Policy and Exploration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781604564488
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (644 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Space Policy and Exploration by : William N. Callmers

Download or read book Space Policy and Exploration written by William N. Callmers and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a wide spectrum of in-depth analyses detailing the US space program including policy, the space stations, the shuttles, and space exploration.

Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight

Download Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : U. S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight by : Stephen J. Dick

Download or read book Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight written by Stephen J. Dick and published by U. S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. This book was released on 2006 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 2005, the NASA History Division and the Division of Space History at the National Air and Space Museum brought together a distinguished group of scholars to consider the state of the discipline of space history. This volume is a collection of essays based on those deliberations. The meeting took place at a time of extraordinary transformation for NASA, stemming from the new Vision of Space Exploration announced by President George W. Bush in January 204: to go to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. This Vision, in turn, stemmed from a deep reevaluation of NASA?s goals in the wake of the Space Shuttle Columbia accident and the recommendations of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board. The new goals were seen as initiating a "New Age of Exploration" and were placed in the context of the importance of exploration and discovery to the American experiences. (Amazon).

To a Distant Day

Download To a Distant Day PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 9780803222588
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (225 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis To a Distant Day by : Chris Gainor

Download or read book To a Distant Day written by Chris Gainor and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ?Insightful, instructive, and definitely worth the read.??Greg Andres, Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada ?As someone who has been teaching a course on space exploration for many years and has visited most of NASA's space centers, I have found plenty of new and valuable material in To a Distant Day. . . . I recommend the book to all who wish to know more about the conditions, people, and discoveries between 1890 and 1960 that led to the space age.??Pangratios Papacosta, Physics Today Although the dream of flying is as old as the human imagination, the notion of rocketing into space may have originated with Chinese gunpowder experiments during the Middle Ages. Rockets as both weapons and entertainment are examined in this engaging history of how human beings acquired the ability to catapult themselves into space. Chris Gainor's irresistible narrative introduces us to pioneers such as Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Robert Goddard, and Hermann Oberth, who pointed the way to the cosmos by generating the earliest wave of international enthusiasm for space exploration. It shows us German engineer Wernher von Braun creating the V-2, the first large rocket, which, though opening the door to space, failed utterly as the ?wonder weapon? it was meant to be. From there Gainor follows the space race to the Soviet Union and the United States, giving us a close look at the competitive hysteria that led to Sputnik, satellites, space probes, and?finally?human flight into space in 1961. As much a story of cultural ambition and personal destiny as of scientific progress and technological history, To a Distant Day offers a complete and thoroughly compelling account of humanity's determined efforts?sometimes poignant, sometimes amazing, sometimes mad?to leave the earth behind.

Space Oddities

Download Space Oddities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1633887855
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (338 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Space Oddities by : Joe Cuhaj

Download or read book Space Oddities written by Joe Cuhaj and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-08-15 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nothing captivates the human imagination like the vast unknowns of space. Ancient petroglyphs present renderings of the heavens, proof that we have been gazing up at the stars with wonder for thousands of years. Since then, mankind has systematically expanded our cosmic possibilities. What were once flights of fancy and dreams of science fiction writers have become nearly routine – a continuous human presence orbiting the Earth, probes flying beyond our solar system, and men walking on the moon. NASA and the Russian space program make traveling to the stars look easy, but it has been far from that. Space travel is a sometimes heroic, sometimes humorous, and always dangerous journey fraught with perils around every corner that most of us have never heard of or have long since forgotten. Space Oddities brings these unknown, offbeat, and obscure stories of space to life. From the showmanship and bravado of the earliest known space fatality, German Max Valier, to the first ever indictment under the Espionage Act on an Army officer who leaked secrets concerning the development of early U.S. rockets; and the story of a single loose bolt that defeated the Soviet Union’s attempt to beat America to the moon. Author Joe Cuhaj also sheds light on the human aspects of space travel that have remained industry secrets – until now: how the tradition of using a musical playlist to wake astronauts up began, fascinating tales about inventions like the Fischer Space Pen, Omega watches, and even Tang breakfast drink. In addition to fun and entertaining space trivia, Space Oddities also features stories of the profound impact that space travel has had on challenges right here at home, like the effort by civil rights leaders and activists in the 1960s to bring the money from the space program back home to those in need on Earth; NASA’s FLATs (First Lady Astronaut Training) program and the 13 women who were selected to become astronauts in 1960, but were denied a chance at flying even after successfully completing the rigorous astronaut training program; and, the animals who many times sacrificed their lives to prove that man could fly in space. Filled with rare and little-known stories, Space Oddities will bring the final frontier to the homes of diehard space readers and armchair astronauts alike.

Out of the Cradle

Download Out of the Cradle PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Workman Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780894807701
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (77 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Out of the Cradle by : William K. Hartmann

Download or read book Out of the Cradle written by William K. Hartmann and published by Workman Publishing. This book was released on 1984-01-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes and provides illustrations of the kinds of space exploration that may be done in the near future, and discusses the economic and political implications for the people of the earth

Remembering the Space Age

Download Remembering the Space Age PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781470031800
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (318 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Remembering the Space Age by : Steven Dick

Download or read book Remembering the Space Age written by Steven Dick and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2009-11-18 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is nearly 500 pages and topics covered include: Gigantic Follies? Human Exploration and the Space Age in Long-term Historical Perspective; National Aspirations on a Global Stage: Fifty Years of Spaceflight; Building Space Capability through European Regional Collaboration; Imagining an Aerospace Agency in the Atomic Age; Creating a Memory of the German Rocket Program for the Cold War; Operation Paperclip in Huntsville, Alabama; The Great Leap Upward: China's Human Spaceflight Program and Chinese National Identity; The "Right" Stuff: The Reagan Revolution and the U.S. Space Program; Great (Unfulfilled) Expectations: To Boldly Go Where No Social Scientist and Historian Have Gone Before; Far Out: The Space Age in American Culture; A Second Nature Rising: Spaceflight in an Era of Representation; Creating Memories: Myth, Identity, and Culture in the Russian Space Age; The Music of Memory and Forgetting: Global Echoes of Sputnik 2; From the Cradle to the Grave: Cosmonaut Nostalgia in Soviet and Post-Soviet Film; Discovering the Iconic in Space Exploration Photography; Robert A. Heinlein's Influence on Spaceflight; American Spaceflight History's Master Narrative and the Meaning of Memory; A Melancholic Space Age Anniversary; Has Space Development Made a Difference?; Has There Been a Space Age?; and Cultural Functions of Space Exploration. NASA-SP-2008-4703

Secrets of the Space Age

Download Secrets of the Space Age PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Robert Reed Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781931741491
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (414 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Secrets of the Space Age by : Lt Col William E. Winterstein Sr

Download or read book Secrets of the Space Age written by Lt Col William E. Winterstein Sr and published by Robert Reed Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique and intriguing book is an excellent account of what really happened before and after Man walked on the moon. Information from insiders reveals events that fill in the gaps about the history of space exploration. No matter how skilled the writers of history, you are always getting the story secondhand. This book offers readers the opportunity to go right to the source. These men were there! It may be shocking, but it will also enhance the appreciation of the glories of this great human adventure. The book contains the little known history of the early years of man's desire to travel into space, and reveals the events that took place after the Americans walked on the moon-the true story about what caused the breakup of the German rocket team, as told by Werhner von Braun to his personal secretary; details the practices of a sinister group within the U.S. Justice Department; and, most importantly, the humiliation actively brought to bear against the very people who struggled to put Americans on the moon.

JPL and the American Space Program

Download JPL and the American Space Program PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780300024081
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (24 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis JPL and the American Space Program by : Clayton R. Koppes

Download or read book JPL and the American Space Program written by Clayton R. Koppes and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Lost in Space

Download Lost in Space PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0375423117
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (754 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Lost in Space by : Greg Klerkx

Download or read book Lost in Space written by Greg Klerkx and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2004-01-13 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The daring, revolutionary NASA that sent Neil Armstrong to the moon has lost its meteoric vision, says journalist and space enthusiast Greg Klerkx. NASA, he contends, has devolved from a pioneer of space exploration into a factionalized bureaucracy focused primarily on its own survival. And as a result, humans haven’t ventured beyond Earth orbit for three decades. Klerkx argues that after its wildly successful Apollo program, NASA clung fiercely to the spotlight by creating a government-sheltered monopoly with a few Big Aerospace companies. Although committed in theory to supporting commercial spaceflight, in practice it smothered vital private-sector innovation. In striking descriptions of space milestones spanning the golden 1960s Space Age and the 2003 Columbia tragedy, Klerkx exposes the “real” NASA and envisions exciting public-private cooperation that could send humans back to the moon and beyond.

This New Ocean

Download This New Ocean PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Modern Library
ISBN 13 : 0375754857
Total Pages : 795 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (757 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis This New Ocean by : William E. Burrows

Download or read book This New Ocean written by William E. Burrows and published by Modern Library. This book was released on 1999-11-05 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was all part of man's greatest adventure--landing men on the Moon and sending a rover to Mars, finally seeing the edge of the universe and the birth of stars, and launching planetary explorers across the solar system to Neptune and beyond. The ancient dream of breaking gravity's hold and taking to space became a reality only because of the intense cold-war rivalry between the superpowers, with towering geniuses like Wernher von Braun and Sergei Korolyov shelving dreams of space travel and instead developing rockets for ballistic missiles and space spectaculars. Now that Russian archives are open and thousands of formerly top-secret U.S. documents are declassified, an often startling new picture of the space age emerges: the frantic effort by the Soviet Union to beat the United States to the Moon was doomed from the beginning by gross inefficiency and by infighting so treacherous that Winston Churchill likened it to "dogs fighting under a carpet"; there was more than science behind the United States' suggestion that satellites be launched during the International Geophysical Year, and in one crucial respect, Sputnik was a godsend to Washington; the hundred-odd German V-2s that provided the vital start to the U.S. missile and space programs legally belonged to the Soviet Union and were spirited to the United States in a derring-do operation worthy of a spy thriller; despite NASA's claim that it was a civilian agency, it had an intimate relationship with the military at the outset and still does--a distinction the Soviet Union never pretended to make; constant efforts to portray astronauts and cosmonauts as "Boy Scouts" were often contradicted by reality; the Apollo missions to the Moon may have been an unexcelled political triumph and feat of exploration, but they also created a headache for the space agency that lingers to this day. This New Ocean is based on 175 interviews with Russian and American scientists and engineers; on archival documents, including formerly top-secret National Intelligence Estimates and spy satellite pictures; and on nearly three decades of reporting. The impressive result is this fascinating story--the first comprehensive account--of the space age. Here are the strategists and war planners; engineers and scientists; politicians and industrialists; astronauts and cosmonauts; science fiction writers and journalists; and plain, ordinary, unabashed dreamers who wanted to transcend gravity's shackles for the ultimate ride. The story is written from the perspective of a witness who was present at the beginning and who has seen the conclusion of the first space age and the start of the second.

Suddenly, Tomorrow Came...

Download Suddenly, Tomorrow Came... PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781502753588
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (535 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Suddenly, Tomorrow Came... by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Download or read book Suddenly, Tomorrow Came... written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This history of Johnson Space Center (JSC) is a detailed chronicle of the U.S. space program with emphasis on humans in space and on the ground. It realistically balances the role of the highly visible astronaut with the mammoth supporting team who provide the nuts, bolts, and gas to keep the train on the track. It recognizes the early political and technical geniuses who had the vision and ability to create NASA and JSC and keep them expanding at a rapid pace. The history of the Johnson Space Center focuses on an unusual slice of time and human affairs. It has been a time of great changes, the full impacts of which is not yet evident. American history and that of humankind has been irrevocably affected by spaceflight. Space has generated new technology, new materials, and a new process of thought about the Earth and the human potential. This book has a beginning and an end, but the story continues, perhaps through all time. Suddenly, a new tomorrow has come into being. In 1902 H.G. Wells observed that the past, “all that has been and is, is but the twilight of the dawn.” Today, because of the American space program, “the world is heavy with the promise of greater things.” Indeed, perhaps that day predicted by H.G. Wells has come to be: “when beings, beings who are now latent in our thoughts and hidden in our loins, shall stand upon the Earth as one stands upon a footstool, and shall laugh and reach out their hands amidst the stars.” World events are catching up with the examples provided by the major manned space programs. Almost every astronaut and cosmonaut who circled planet Earth has observed that from orbit there are no national borders visible on this beautiful globe. All those fortunate enough to view Earth from the Moon were impressed with its similarity to a spacecraft and by its remoteness and insignificance in the Universe. These observations by humans in space have had a profound effect on humans on Earth and provide a strong unifying force for international space exploration. So as tomorrow comes, people of the Earth will inevitably step into the Universe and become true space people--citizens of Mars, the Moon, Venus, and beyond.

Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight

Download Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781536136951
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight by : Steven J. Dick

Download or read book Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight written by Steven J. Dick and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a May 1981 ''Proseminar in Space History''held at the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum (NASM) in Washington, DC, historians came together to consider the state of the discipline of space history. It was an historic occasion. The community of scholars interested in the history of spaceflight was not large; previously, well-meaning but untrained aficionados consumed with artifacts had dominated the field, to the exclusion of the larger context. At a fundamental level, this proseminar represented a ''declaration of independence'' for what might be called the ''new aerospace history.'' In retrospect, it may be interpreted as marking the rise of space history as a recognizable subdiscipline within the field of U.S. history. Bringing together a diverse collection of scholars to review the state of the art in space history, this proseminar helped in a fundamental manner to define the field and to chart a course for future research. Its participants set about the task of charting a course for collecting, preserving, and disseminating the history of space exploration within a larger context of space policy and technology. In large measure, the course charted by the participants in this 1981 proseminar aided in advancing a very successful agenda of historical research, writing, and understanding of space history. Not every research project has yielded acceptable results, nor can it be expected to do so, but the sum of the effort since 1981 has been impressive. The opportunities for both the exploration of space and for recording its history have been significant. Both endeavors are noble and aimed at the enhancement of humanity. Whither the history of spaceflight Only time will tell. But there has been an emergent "new aerospace history" of which space history is a central part that moves beyond an overriding concern for the details of the artifact to emphasize the broader role of the spacecraft. More importantly, it emphasizes the whole technological system, including not just the vehicle but also the other components that make up the aerospace climate, as an integral part of the human experience. It suggests that many unanswered questions spur the development of flight and that inquisitive individuals seek to know that which they do not understand.