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The Contribution Of Melanopsin Signalling To Image Forming Vision During Retinal Degeneration
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Book Synopsis The Contribution of Melanopsin Signalling to Image-forming Vision During Retinal Degeneration by : Christopher Procyk
Download or read book The Contribution of Melanopsin Signalling to Image-forming Vision During Retinal Degeneration written by Christopher Procyk and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Webvision written by Helga Kolb and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Melanopsin Vision by : Daniel S. Joyce
Download or read book Melanopsin Vision written by Daniel S. Joyce and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-01-31 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGGs) are the most recently discovered photoreceptor class in the human retina. This Element integrates new knowledge and perspectives from visual neuroscience, psychology, sleep science and architecture to discuss how melanopsin-mediated ipRGC functions can be measured and their circuits manipulated. It reveals contemporary and emerging lighting technologies as powerful tools to set mind, brain and behaviour.
Book Synopsis Determining the Role of Phosphorylation of Mouse Melanopsin in Non-image Forming Vision by : Preethi Somasundaram
Download or read book Determining the Role of Phosphorylation of Mouse Melanopsin in Non-image Forming Vision written by Preethi Somasundaram and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Melanopsin is a visual pigment, expressed in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) of the mammalian retina, that plays a major role in non-image forming visual behaviors like the pupillary light reflex, circadian photoentrainment, and sleep. It is hypothesized that melanopsin-mediated phototransduction is terminated by the phosphorylation of melanopsin’s C-terminus by a G-protein coupled receptor kinase, followed by -arrestin activation and binding. Little is known about the contribution of melanopsin phosphorylation to ipRGC physiology and its influence on non-image forming behaviors. We investigated the role of melanopsin C-terminus phosphorylation on non-image forming behaviors by generating a phosphorylation deficient melanopsin mutant that lacks all putative C-terminal phosphorylation sites (C-phosphonull).
Book Synopsis The Neurobiology of Circadian Timing by :
Download or read book The Neurobiology of Circadian Timing written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation, and provide their views and perspectives for future researchChapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics coveredAll chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist - Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation, and provide their views and perspectives for future research - Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered - All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist
Book Synopsis Molecular Determinants of Melanopsin Signaling and Deactivation by : Evan G. Cameron
Download or read book Molecular Determinants of Melanopsin Signaling and Deactivation written by Evan G. Cameron and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unique visual pigment melanopsin is expressed in a small subset of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) within the mammalian retina. The axons of ipRGCs primarily project to brain nuclei that regulate non-image forming visual functions including circadian photoentrainment, pupillary light reflex, and sleep. Unlike rods and cones which hyperpolarize in response to light, ipRGCs depolarize likely through the activation of a Gq-mediated phototransduction cascade. IpRGCs exhibit very poor temporal resolution with sluggish on/off kinetics and a high threshold of activation. Despite this, ipRGCs respond robustly to prolonged illumination and are capable of firing sustained action potentials beyond the lifetime of the stimulus. These response characteristics raise questions about how melanopsin signaling is regulated within the retina. Typically, visual pigment signaling is deactivated by receptor phosphorylation and arrestin binding which act to attenuate and inhibit G-protein binding, respectively. In this work, I investigate the role of arrestin in melanopsin signaling and identify a region within the C-terminal tail of melanopsin that is required for proper activation and deactivation. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches, I provide evidence for a light- and phosphorylation-dependent deactivation of melanopsin by Beta-arrestin. This work is the first description of a visual pigment deactivation mechanism mediated by Beta-arrestin and is consistent with canonical deactivation mechanism described for other non-visual G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Additionally, I demonstrate that removal or mutation of a region within the proximal portion of melanopsin's C-tail delays the activation and deactivation of the photoresponse. I also show that this region is conserved within the melanopsin family implying important functional significance. Based on these results, I hypothesize that a 9th helix in the C-tail of melanopsin serves two purposes; 1) to stabilize ICL3 and form a portion of the G-protein binding domain and 2) to tether the C-tail close to the membrane surface, facilitating receptor phosphorylation and arrestin binding.
Download or read book The Retina written by John E. Dowling and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-15 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Dowling’s The Retina, published in 1987, quickly became the most widely recognized introduction to the structure and function of retinal cells. In this Revised Edition, Dowling draws on twenty-five years of new research to produce an interdisciplinary synthesis focused on how retinal function contributes to our understanding of brain mechanisms. The retina is a part of the brain pushed out into the eye during development. It retains many characteristics of other brain regions and hence has yielded significant insights on brain mechanisms. Visual processing begins there as a result of neuronal interactions in two synaptic layers that initiate an analysis of space, color, and movement. In humans, visual signals from 126 million photoreceptors funnel down to one million ganglion cells that convey at least a dozen representations of a visual scene to higher brain regions. The Revised Edition calls attention to general principles applicable to all vertebrate retinas, while showing how the visual needs of different animals are reflected in their retinal variations. It includes completely new chapters on color vision and retinal degenerations and genetics, as well as sections on retinal development and visual pigment biochemistry, and presents the latest knowledge and theories on how the retina is organized anatomically, physiologically, and pharmacologically. The clarity of writing and illustration that made The Retina a book of choice for a quarter century among graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, vision researchers, and teachers of upper-level courses on vision is retained in Dowling’s new easy-to-read Revised Edition.
Book Synopsis Retinal Development by : Evelyne Sernagor
Download or read book Retinal Development written by Evelyne Sernagor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This advanced text, first published in 2006, takes a developmental approach to the presentation of our understanding of how vertebrates construct a retina. Written by experts in the field, each of the seventeen chapters covers a specific step in the process, focusing on the underlying molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms. There is also a special section on emerging technologies, including genomics, zebrafish genetics, and stem cell biology that are starting to yield important insights into retinal development. Primarily aimed at professionals, both biologists and clinicians working with the retina, this book provides a concise view of vertebrate retinal development. Since the retina is 'an approachable part of the brain', this book will also be attractive to all neuroscientists interested in development, as processes required to build this exquisitely organized system are ultimately relevant to all other parts of the central nervous system.
Book Synopsis Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide by : Hubert Vaudry
Download or read book Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide written by Hubert Vaudry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the first volume to be written on the neuropeptide PACAP. It covers all domains of PACAP from molecular and cellular aspects to physiological activities and promises for new therapeutic strategies. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the twentieth volume published in the Endocrine Updates book series under the Series Editorship of Shlomo Melmed, MD.
Book Synopsis Ultrastructure of Melanopsin-Expressing Retinal Ganglion Cell Circuitry in the Retina and Brain Regions that Mediate Light-Driven Behavior by : Yu Hsin Liu
Download or read book Ultrastructure of Melanopsin-Expressing Retinal Ganglion Cell Circuitry in the Retina and Brain Regions that Mediate Light-Driven Behavior written by Yu Hsin Liu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGC) are intrinsically photosensitive and combine their melanopsin-based photoresponses with rod and cone signals to convey light information to a subset of retinal brain targets. mRGC axons to non-image forming (NIF) visual centers are essential for the proper functioning of processes like circadian photoentrainment and pupillary light reflex. Surprisingly, mRGCs also send axons to image-forming regions of the brain. It is unknown how mRGCs mediate such diverse functions. Classically, a cell's morphology and location in a biological system is a direct reflection of its synaptic connections and, by definition, their function. mRGCs can be divided into five subtypes (M1-M5) based on morphology and dendritic stratification in the inner plexiform layer. In the classical sense, since M1s send axons to only a subset of mRGC-target regions and are the only subtype that monostratify in the OFF-sublamina, M1s likely serve a distinct function from other subtypes. However, M1s, like all mRGCs, exhibit an ON-response. This reveals a hole in what we understand about intraretinal connectivity and attenuates the weight that should be afforded to stratification in determining function. While the other mRGC subtypes have distinct morphology and branching patterns, it is unknown whether they serve specific functions. Thus, in order to explore the structure-function relationship of mRGC subtypes, we must consider connectivity. Unfortunately, the variable expression of melanopsin protein between subtypes and across the architecture of a single mRGC and the lack of unique markers for up- and downstream interactors has precluded rigorous study of mRGC connectivity in the retina and central targets. We use a correlated light and electron microscopy label and serial blockface scanning electron microscopy to explore the architecture and synaptic partners of mRGCs in an attempt to better understand the connectivity of mRGC subtypes. We show significant differences in the ultrastructure of mRGC axonal terminals in mRGC-recipient brain regions, stratification-specific differences in mRGC dendrites, and catalog the intraretinal connections specific to mRGC subtypes.
Book Synopsis Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology by : Michael C. Brodsky
Download or read book Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology written by Michael C. Brodsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric Neuroophthalmology details the diagnostic criteria, current concepts of pathogenesis, neuroradiological correlates, and clinical management of a large group of neuroophthalmic disorders that present in childhood. Surprisingly distinct from neuroophthalmic disorders afflicting adults, this set of diseases falls between the cracks of most ophthalmology training, and thus, warrants a practical, clinical guide for the practitioner in ophthalmology - the neuroophthalmologist, pediatric ophthalmologist, general ophthalmologist - as well as neurologists and for residents. The authors, leading pediatric ophthalmologists, have taken this difficult subject matter and developed an accessible, user-friendly manual with a detailed approach to the recognition, differential diagnosis, and management of pediatric neuroophthalmologic disorders.
Book Synopsis Circadian and Visual Neuroscience by :
Download or read book Circadian and Visual Neuroscience written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-08-05 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Circadian and Visual Neuroscience, Volume 273 in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics including Optical set-ups, Psychophysics of Luminance and Color Vision, Psychophysics of non-visual photoreception PRC/IRC/DRC/Spectral Sensitivity, Circadian and visual photometry, Modelling (retina), Modelling (circadian), Techniques for examining vision at the cellular level, Advanced techniques for characterizing the world hyperspectrally, Circadian physiology in mice: Melanopsin, Circadian physiology in mice: Color and cones, Translational aspects of animal studies, Retinal clocks, Primate non-visual physiology, Light and mood in animal models, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in Progress in Brain Research series Updated release includes the latest information on Circadian and Visual Neuroscience
Book Synopsis The Mouse Nervous System by : Charles Watson
Download or read book The Mouse Nervous System written by Charles Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mouse Nervous System provides a comprehensive account of the central nervous system of the mouse. The book is aimed at molecular biologists who need a book that introduces them to the anatomy of the mouse brain and spinal cord, but also takes them into the relevant details of development and organization of the area they have chosen to study. The Mouse Nervous System offers a wealth of new information for experienced anatomists who work on mice. The book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in neuroscience. Systematic consideration of the anatomy and connections of all regions of the brain and spinal cord by the authors of the most cited rodent brain atlases A major section (12 chapters) on functional systems related to motor control, sensation, and behavioral and emotional states A detailed analysis of gene expression during development of the forebrain by Luis Puelles, the leading researcher in this area Full coverage of the role of gene expression during development and the new field of genetic neuroanatomy using site-specific recombinases Examples of the use of mouse models in the study of neurological illness
Book Synopsis Anatomy ;Ocular physiology ;Biochemistry and genetics ;Pathology ;Microbiology ;Immunology ;Growth and senescence ;Optics ;Therapeutics ;Lasers and instrument technology ;Basic biostatistical and epidemiological terms by : Louise Bye
Download or read book Anatomy ;Ocular physiology ;Biochemistry and genetics ;Pathology ;Microbiology ;Immunology ;Growth and senescence ;Optics ;Therapeutics ;Lasers and instrument technology ;Basic biostatistical and epidemiological terms written by Louise Bye and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indispensable and fully comprehensive textbook, this covers the basic sciences in ophthalmology and is the only book you need to pass the FRCOphth Part 1 exam.
Book Synopsis Neuronal Input Pathways to the Brain's Biological Clock and their Functional Significance by : Jens Hannibal
Download or read book Neuronal Input Pathways to the Brain's Biological Clock and their Functional Significance written by Jens Hannibal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-07 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhythmic changes in physiology and behaviour within a 24 h period occur in living organisms on earth to meet the challenges associated with the daily changes in the external environment. The circadian pacemaker responsible for the temporal internal organisation and the generation of endogenous rhythms of approximately 24 h is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in mammals. The endogenous period generated by the pacemaker is close to, but generally not equal to 24 h and the biological clock therefore needs to be daily adjusted (entrained) by external cues. The daily alteration of light and darkness due to the rotation of our planet on its own axis in relation to the sun is the most prominent "zeitgeber" which adjusts the phase of the circadian rhythms to the astronomical day length, a process known as photoentrainment. In mammals, light is perceived only through photoreceptors located in the retina. Light information is mediated to the SCN via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) by activation of the classical photoreceptor system of rods and cones and a more recently identified system of intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) using melanopsin as a photopigment.
Book Synopsis The Pupil: Behavior, Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Biomarkers by : Andrew J. Zele
Download or read book The Pupil: Behavior, Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Biomarkers written by Andrew J. Zele and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-22 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Book Synopsis Neural Engineering by : Chris Eliasmith
Download or read book Neural Engineering written by Chris Eliasmith and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A synthesis of current approaches to adapting engineering tools to the study of neurobiological systems.
