The Completeness Of Scientific Theories

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The Completeness of Scientific Theories

Author : Martin Carrier
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401109109
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis The Completeness of Scientific Theories by : Martin Carrier

Download or read book The Completeness of Scientific Theories written by Martin Carrier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earlier in this century, many philosophers of science (for example, Rudolf Carnap) drew a fairly sharp distinction between theory and observation, between theoretical terms like 'mass' and 'electron', and observation terms like 'measures three meters in length' and 'is _2° Celsius'. By simply looking at our instruments we can ascertain what numbers our measurements yield. Creatures like mass are different: we determine mass by calculation; we never directly observe a mass. Nor an electron: this term is introduced in order to explain what we observe. This (once standard) distinction between theory and observation was eventually found to be wanting. First, if the distinction holds, it is difficult to see what can characterize the relationship between theory :md observation. How can theoretical terms explain that which is itself in no way theorized? The second point leads out of the first: are not the instruments that provide us with observational material themselves creatures of theory? Is it really possible to have an observation language that is entirely barren of theory? The theory-Iadenness of observation languages is now an accept ed feature of the logic of science. Many regard such dependence of observation on theory as a virtue. If our instruments of observation do not derive their meaning from theories, whence comes that meaning? Surely - in science - we have nothing else but theories to tell us what to try to observe.

The Completeness of Scientific Theories

Author : Martin Carrier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789401109116
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Completeness of Scientific Theories by : Martin Carrier

Download or read book The Completeness of Scientific Theories written by Martin Carrier and published by . This book was released on 1993-11-30 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Quantum Measure Theory

Author : J. Hamhalter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401701199
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantum Measure Theory by : J. Hamhalter

Download or read book Quantum Measure Theory written by J. Hamhalter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first systematic treatment of measures on projection lattices of von Neumann algebras. It presents significant recent results in this field. One part is inspired by the Generalized Gleason Theorem on extending measures on the projection lattices of von Neumann algebras to linear functionals. Applications of this principle to various problems in quantum physics are considered (hidden variable problem, Wigner type theorems, decoherence functional, etc.). Another part of the monograph deals with a fascinating interplay of algebraic properties of the projection lattice with the continuity of measures (the analysis of Jauch-Piron states, independence conditions in quantum field theory, etc.). These results have no direct analogy in the standard measure and probability theory. On the theoretical physics side, they are instrumental in recovering technical assumptions of the axiomatics of quantum theories only by considering algebraic properties of finitely additive measures (states) on quantum propositions.

Completeness and Reduction in Algebraic Complexity Theory

Author : Peter Bürgisser
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662041790
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Completeness and Reduction in Algebraic Complexity Theory by : Peter Bürgisser

Download or read book Completeness and Reduction in Algebraic Complexity Theory written by Peter Bürgisser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a thorough and comprehensive treatment of the theory of NP-completeness in the framework of algebraic complexity theory. Coverage includes Valiant's algebraic theory of NP-completeness; interrelations with the classical theory as well as the Blum-Shub-Smale model of computation, questions of structural complexity; fast evaluation of representations of general linear groups; and complexity of immanants.

Understanding, Explanation, and Scientific Knowledge

Author : Kareem Khalifa
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107195632
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding, Explanation, and Scientific Knowledge by : Kareem Khalifa

Download or read book Understanding, Explanation, and Scientific Knowledge written by Kareem Khalifa and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive exploration of the nature and value of understanding, addressing burgeoning debates in epistemology and philosophy of science.

Testing Scientific Theories

Author : John Earman
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 1452907684
Total Pages : 495 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (529 download)

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Book Synopsis Testing Scientific Theories by : John Earman

Download or read book Testing Scientific Theories written by John Earman and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible to scholars, students, researchers, and general readers. Rich with historical and cultural value, these works are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. The books offered through Minnesota Archive Editions are produced in limited quantities according to customer demand and are available through select distribution partners.

The Complete Idiot's Guide to Theories of the Universe

Author : Gary Moring
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 9780028642420
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis The Complete Idiot's Guide to Theories of the Universe by : Gary Moring

Download or read book The Complete Idiot's Guide to Theories of the Universe written by Gary Moring and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2002 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looks at religious, philosophical, and scientific theories surrounding the nature and origin of the universe, covering such topics as the Big bang theory, general relativity, quantum theory, evolution, and creationism.

The Tests of Time

Author : Lisa M. Dolling
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400889162
Total Pages : 759 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tests of Time by : Lisa M. Dolling

Download or read book The Tests of Time written by Lisa M. Dolling and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of physical theory is one of our greatest intellectual achievements. Its products--the currently prevailing theories of physics, astronomy, and cosmology--have proved themselves to possess intrinsic beauty and to have enormous explanatory and predictive power. This anthology of primary readings chronicles the birth and maturation of five such theories (the heliocentric theory, the electromagnetic field theory, special and general relativity, quantum theory, and the big bang theory) in the words of the scientists who brought them to life. It is the first historical account that captures the rich substance of these theories, each of which represents a fascinating story of the interplay of evidence and insight--and of dialogue among great minds. Readers sit in with Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo as they overturn the geocentric universe; observe the genius of Faraday and Maxwell as they "discover" the electromagnetic field; look over Einstein's shoulder as he works out the details of relativity; listen in as Einstein and Bohr argue for the soul of quantum mechanics in the Completeness Debate; and watch as Hubble and others reveal the history of the universe. The editors' approach highlights the moments of discovery that rise from scientific creativity, and the presentation humanizes the scientific process, revealing the extent to which great scientists were the first to consider the philosophical implications of their work. But, most significantly, the editors offer this as their central thesis: although each was ushered in by a revolution, and each contains counterintuitive elements that delayed its acceptance, these five theories exhibit a continuous rational development that has led them to a permanent place in the worldview of science. Accessible to the general reader yet sufficiently substantive that working scientists will find value in it, The Tests of Time offers an intimate look into how physical theory has been developed, by the brilliant people who have developed it.

The Knowledge Machine: How Irrationality Created Modern Science

Author : Michael Strevens
Publisher : Liveright Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1631491385
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis The Knowledge Machine: How Irrationality Created Modern Science by : Michael Strevens

Download or read book The Knowledge Machine: How Irrationality Created Modern Science written by Michael Strevens and published by Liveright Publishing. This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The Knowledge Machine is the most stunningly illuminating book of the last several decades regarding the all-important scientific enterprise.” —Rebecca Newberger Goldstein, author of Plato at the Googleplex A paradigm-shifting work, The Knowledge Machine revolutionizes our understanding of the origins and structure of science. • Why is science so powerful? • Why did it take so long—two thousand years after the invention of philosophy and mathematics—for the human race to start using science to learn the secrets of the universe? In a groundbreaking work that blends science, philosophy, and history, leading philosopher of science Michael Strevens answers these challenging questions, showing how science came about only once thinkers stumbled upon the astonishing idea that scientific breakthroughs could be accomplished by breaking the rules of logical argument. Like such classic works as Karl Popper’s The Logic of Scientific Discovery and Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, The Knowledge Machine grapples with the meaning and origins of science, using a plethora of vivid historical examples to demonstrate that scientists willfully ignore religion, theoretical beauty, and even philosophy to embrace a constricted code of argument whose very narrowness channels unprecedented energy into empirical observation and experimentation. Strevens calls this scientific code the iron rule of explanation, and reveals the way in which the rule, precisely because it is unreasonably close-minded, overcomes individual prejudices to lead humanity inexorably toward the secrets of nature. “With a mixture of philosophical and historical argument, and written in an engrossing style” (Alan Ryan), The Knowledge Machine provides captivating portraits of some of the greatest luminaries in science’s history, including Isaac Newton, the chief architect of modern science and its foundational theories of motion and gravitation; William Whewell, perhaps the greatest philosopher-scientist of the early nineteenth century; and Murray Gell-Mann, discoverer of the quark. Today, Strevens argues, in the face of threats from a changing climate and global pandemics, the idiosyncratic but highly effective scientific knowledge machine must be protected from politicians, commercial interests, and even scientists themselves who seek to open it up, to make it less narrow and more rational—and thus to undermine its devotedly empirical search for truth. Rich with illuminating and often delightfully quirky illustrations, The Knowledge Machine, written in a winningly accessible style that belies the import of its revisionist and groundbreaking concepts, radically reframes much of what we thought we knew about the origins of the modern world.

General System Theory: Perspectives in Philosophy and Approaches in Complex Systems

Author : Gianfranco Minati
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038424404
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis General System Theory: Perspectives in Philosophy and Approaches in Complex Systems by : Gianfranco Minati

Download or read book General System Theory: Perspectives in Philosophy and Approaches in Complex Systems written by Gianfranco Minati and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-09 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Second Generation General System Theory: Perspectives in Philosophy and Approaches in Complex Systems" that was published in Systems

Game Theory, Experience, Rationality

Author : W. Leinfellner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401716544
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Game Theory, Experience, Rationality by : W. Leinfellner

Download or read book Game Theory, Experience, Rationality written by W. Leinfellner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When von Neumann's and Morgenstern's Theory of Games and Economic Behavior appeared in 1944, one thought that a complete theory of strategic social behavior had appeared out of nowhere. However, game theory has, to this very day, remained a fast-growing assemblage of models which have gradually been united in a new social theory - a theory that is far from being completed even after recent advances in game theory, as evidenced by the work of the three Nobel Prize winners, John F. Nash, John C. Harsanyi, and Reinhard Selten. Two of them, Harsanyi and Selten, have contributed important articles to the present volume. This book leaves no doubt that the game-theoretical models are on the right track to becoming a respectable new theory, just like the great theories of the twentieth century originated from formerly separate models which merged in the course of decades. For social scientists, the age of great discover ies is not over. The recent advances of today's game theory surpass by far the results of traditional game theory. For example, modem game theory has a new empirical and social foundation, namely, societal experiences; this has changed its methods, its "rationality. " Morgenstern (I worked together with him for four years) dreamed of an encompassing theory of social behavior. With the inclusion of the concept of evolution in mathematical form, this dream will become true. Perhaps the new foundation will even lead to a new name, "conflict theory" instead of "game theory.

Reconsideration of Science and Technology II

Author : Liu Dachun
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000609510
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Reconsideration of Science and Technology II by : Liu Dachun

Download or read book Reconsideration of Science and Technology II written by Liu Dachun and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-09-30 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In reviewing and reconsidering the intellectual history of scientism and antiscientism, the authors assess the process of reasoning and prejudices of these contrasting viewpoints, while discussing the repercussions of scientific hegemony and its contemporary criticism. As the second volume of a three-volume set that proposes to reconsider science and technology and explores how the philosophy of science and technology responds to an ever-changing world, this title focuses on ideological trends centering around scientism and anti-scientism since the 19th century. The six chapters look into the emergence of scientism, instrumental reason, scientific optimism, scientific pessimism, scientific crisis and irrationalism and finally the deconstruction of scientism. The authors provide insight into the connections and biases of these disparate views and critiques, explore the influences of the hegemony of science and contemporary critique of science and evaluate the value of postmodernism and deconstructivism. The volume will appeal to scholars and students interested in the philosophy of science and technology, the ideology of scientism and anti-scientism, modernism and postmodernism, Marxist philosophy and topics related to scientific culture.

Completeness in Science

Author : Richard Schlegel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9780306500701
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Completeness in Science by : Richard Schlegel

Download or read book Completeness in Science written by Richard Schlegel and published by Springer. This book was released on 1995-12-31 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Metadebates on Science

Author : Gustaaf C. Cornelis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401722455
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Metadebates on Science by : Gustaaf C. Cornelis

Download or read book Metadebates on Science written by Gustaaf C. Cornelis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do scientists approach science? Scientists, sociologists and philosophers were asked to write on this intriguing problem and to display their results at the International Congress `Einstein Meets Magritte'. The outcome of their effort can be found in this rather unique book, presenting all kinds of different views on science. Quantum mechanics is a discipline which deserves and receives special attention in this book, mainly because it is fascinating and, hence, appeals to the general public. This book not only contains articles on the introductory level, it also provides new insights and bold, even provocative proposals. That way, the reader gets acquainted with `science in the making', sitting in the front row. The contributions have been written for a broad interdisciplinary audience of scholars and students.

The Secret Doctrine (Complete)

Author : Helena Petrovna Blavatsky
Publisher : Library of Alexandria
ISBN 13 : 1613101899
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis The Secret Doctrine (Complete) by : Helena Petrovna Blavatsky

Download or read book The Secret Doctrine (Complete) written by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky and published by Library of Alexandria. This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the appearance of Theosophical literature in England, it has become customary to call its teachings “Esoteric Buddhism.” And, having become a habit—as an old proverb based on daily experience has it—“Error runs down an inclined plane, while Truth has to laboriously climb its way up hill.” Old truisms are often the wisest. The human mind can hardly remain entirely free from bias, and decisive opinions are often formed before a thorough examination of a subject from all its aspects has been made. This is said with reference to the prevailing double mistake (a) of limiting Theosophy to Buddhism; and (b) of confounding the tenets of the religious philosophy preached by Gautama, the Buddha, with the doctrines broadly outlined in Esoteric Buddhism. Any thing more erroneous than this could hardly be imagined. It has enabled our enemies to find an effective weapon against Theosophy, because, as an eminent Pâli scholar very pointedly expressed it, there was in the volume named “neither Esotericism nor Buddhism.” The esoteric truths, presented in Mr. Sinnett's work, ceased to be esoteric from the moment they were made public; nor did the book contain the religion of Buddha, but simply a few tenets from a hitherto hidden teaching, which are now explained and supplemented by many more in the present volumes. And even the latter, though giving out many fundamental tenets from the Secret Doctrine of the East, raise but a small corner of the dark veil. For no one, not even the greatest living Adept, would be permitted to, or could—even if he would—give out promiscuously to a mocking, unbelieving world that which has been so effectually concealed from it for long æons and ages. Esoteric Buddhism was an excellent work with a very unfortunate title, though it meant no more than does the title of this work, The Secret Doctrine. It proved unfortunate, because people are always in the habit of judging things by their appearance rather than by their meaning, and because the error has now become so universal, that even most of the Fellows of the Theosophical Society have fallen victims to the same misconception. From the first, however, protests were raised by Brâhmans and others against the title; and, in justice to myself, I must add that Esoteric Buddhism was presented to me as a completed volume, and that I was entirely unaware of the manner in which the author intended to spell the word “Budh-ism.”

Consciousness as Complex Event

Author : Craig Delancey
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000649741
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Consciousness as Complex Event by : Craig Delancey

Download or read book Consciousness as Complex Event written by Craig Delancey and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-09-09 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consciousness as Complex Event: Towards a New Physicalism provides a new approach to the study of consciousness. The author argues that what makes phenomenal experiences mysterious is that these experiences are extremely complex brain events. The text provides an accessible introduction to descriptive complexity (also known as Kolmogorov Complexity) and then applies this to show that the most influential arguments against physicalism about consciousness are unsound. The text also offers an accessible review of the current debates about consciousness and introduces a rigorous new conception of physicalism. It concludes with a positive program for the future study of phenomenal experience. It is readable and compact and will be of interest to philosophers and cognitive scientists, and of value to advanced students of philosophy. Key Features Provides a new approach to the study of consciousness, using information theory. Offers a valuable discussion of physicalism, of use in other disciplines. Contains an introduction to the main literature and arguments in the debate about consciousness. Includes an accessible overview of how to apply descriptive complexity to philosophical problems.

Research Methodology

Author : Alexander M. Novikov
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 113501969X
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Methodology by : Alexander M. Novikov

Download or read book Research Methodology written by Alexander M. Novikov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Methodology: From Philosophy of Science to Research Design distinguishes itself from many other works devoted to research methodology and the philosophy of science in its integrated approach towards scientific research, which is regarded as the scientific project on all levels from philosophy of science to research design. This work studie