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Author : E. Pierrot-Deseilligny
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book The Circuitry of the Human Spinal Cord written by E. Pierrot-Deseilligny and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Emmanuel Pierrot-Deseilligny
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107375681
Total Pages : 631 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (73 download)
Download or read book The Circuitry of the Human Spinal Cord written by Emmanuel Pierrot-Deseilligny and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of human movement have proliferated in recent years. This greatly expanded and thoroughly updated reference surveys the literature on the corticospinal control of spinal cord circuits in human subjects, showing how different circuits can be studied, their role in normal movement and how they malfunction in disease states. Chapters are highly illustrated and consistently organised, reviewing, for each pathway, the experimental background, methodology, organisation and control, role during motor tasks and changes in patients with CNS lesions. Each chapter concludes with a helpful résumé that can be used independently of the main text to provide practical guidance for clinical studies. The final four chapters bring together the changes in transmission in spinal and corticospinal pathways during movement and how they contribute to the desired movement. This book is essential reading for research workers and clinicians involved in the study, treatment and rehabilitation of movement disorders.
Author : Emmanuel Pierrot-Deseilligny
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521825818
Total Pages : 670 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (258 download)
Download or read book The Circuitry of the Human Spinal Cord written by Emmanuel Pierrot-Deseilligny and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-06-08 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys the control of human spinal cord circuits, in normal movement and in disease states.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780511125706
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (257 download)
Download or read book The Circuitry of the Human Spinal Cord written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys the literature related to the control of spinal cord circuits in humans, their role in normal movement, and in disease states. Chapters are highly illustrated and consistently organised, and each concludes with a helpful resume. This will be essential reading for research workers and clinicians involved in movement disorders.
Author : Emmanuel Pierrot-Deseilligny
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781139379182
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (791 download)
Download or read book The Circuitry of the Human Spinal Cord written by Emmanuel Pierrot-Deseilligny and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of the corticospinal and spinal contributions to the control of movement in human subjects.
Author : Ursula Hofstötter
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783845401379
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (13 download)
Download or read book The Human Spinal Cord Circuitry written by Ursula Hofstötter and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrical stimulation via electrodes implanted in close distance to the spinal cord generates various types of lower limb muscle activities in paralyzed people. Depending on the stimulation parameters, the activities range from simple reflexes involving a single synapse to stereotyped, rhythmic flexion-extension movements implying the activation of spinal pattern generators. Here, electrophysiological data were analyzed to describe the simplest rhythmicity that can be produced by the spinal cord, i.e. series of monosynaptic reflexes with alternating amplitudes and reciprocity between antagonistic muscles. It is further elaborated how these patterns evolve from non-patterned series of monosynaptic reflexes. Hypotheses on the underlying mechanisms are then tested by biologically realistic network models. The Leaky Integrate-and-Fire model was extended by realistic time courses of postsynaptic events and implemented as a non-linear recursive algorithm simulating spatially and temporally distributed neuronal effects. The significance of the work is the demonstration that simple rhythmic behaviors can be produced by networks involving interneurons outside the spinal pattern generators.
Author : Emmanuel Pierrot-Deseilligny
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0511124163
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (111 download)
Download or read book The Circuitry of the Human Spinal Cord written by Emmanuel Pierrot-Deseilligny and published by . This book was released on 2006-05-23 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys the control of human spinal cord circuits, in normal movement and in disease states.
Author : Charles Watson
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080921388
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book The Spinal Cord written by Charles Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-11-27 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many hundreds of thousands suffer spinal cord injuries leading to loss of sensation and motor function in the body below the point of injury. Spinal cord research has made some significant strides towards new treatment methods, and is a focus of many laboratories worldwide. In addition, research on the involvement of the spinal cord in pain and the abilities of nervous tissue in the spine to regenerate has increasingly been on the forefront of biomedical research in the past years. The Spinal Cord, a collaboration with the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, is the first comprehensive book on the anatomy of the mammalian spinal cord. Tens of thousands of articles and dozens of books are published on this subject each year, and a great deal of experimental work has been carried out on the rat spinal cord. Despite this, there is no comprehensive and authoritative atlas of the mammalian spinal cord. Almost all of the fine details of spinal cord anatomy must be searched for in journal articles on particular subjects. This book addresses this need by providing both a comprehensive reference on the mammalian spinal cord and a comparative atlas of both rat and mouse spinal cords in one convenient source. The book provides a descriptive survey of the details of mammalian spinal cord anatomy, focusing on the rat with many illustrations from the leading experts in the field and atlases of the rat and the mouse spinal cord. The rat and mouse spinal cord atlas chapters include photographs of Nissl stained transverse sections from each of the spinal cord segments (obtained from a single unfixed spinal cord), detailed diagrams of each of the spinal cord segments pictured, delineating the laminae of Rexed and all other significant neuronal groupings at each level and photographs of additional sections displaying markers such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), calbindin, calretinin, choline acetlytransferase, neurofilament protein (SMI 32), enkephalin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN). The text provides a detailed account of the anatomy of the mammalian spinal cord and surrounding musculoskeletal elements The major topics addressed are: development of the spinal cord; the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and its meninges; spinal nerves, nerve roots, and dorsal root ganglia; the vertebral column, vertebral joints, and vertebral muscles; blood supply of the spinal cord; cytoarchitecture and chemoarchitecture of the spinal gray matter; musculotopic anatomy of motoneuron groups; tracts connecting the brain and spinal cord; spinospinal pathways; sympathetic and parasympathetic elements in the spinal cord; neuronal groups and pathways that control micturition; the anatomy of spinal cord injury in experimental animals The atlas of the rat and mouse spinal cord has the following features: Photographs of Nissl stained transverse sections from each of 34 spinal segments for the rat and mouse; Detailed diagrams of each of the 34 spinal segments for rat and mouse, delineating the laminae of Rexed and all other significant neuronal groupings at each level. ; Alongside each of the 34 Nissl stained segments, there are additional sections displaying markers such as acetylcholinesterase, calbindin, calretinin, choline acetlytransferase, neurofilament protein (SMI 32), and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) All the major motoneuron clusters are identified in relation to the individual muscles or muscle groups they supply
Author : Joseph Altman
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195144277
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (442 download)
Download or read book Development of the Human Spinal Cord written by Joseph Altman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There exists a wealth of information about the development of the spinal cord in journal articles and monographs, yet this beautifully illustrated work is the first book devoted to this important topic. Because the developing human spinal cord cannot be subjected to experimental manipulations, the knowledge gained from experimental work in animals is applied here to an interpretation of the time course and mechanisms of spinal cord development in man. The book begins with a review of our current understanding of the structure and functions of the spinal cord. Special reference is made to the phylogeny of the vertebrate spinal cord because the authors' interpretation of the development and organization of the human spinal cord is specifically an evolutionary one. Following a detailed experiment-based account of spinal cord development in the rat, the development of the human spinal cord is described, illustrated and interpreted in separate chapters during three epochs: the first trimester (the embryonic period), the second and third trimesters (the fetal period), and the first year of postnatal life. Special attention is paid to such topics as neurons, and the growth and myelination of the ascending and descending fiber tracts of the spinal cord. The book ends with a correlation of the development of motor behavior with different stages in the morphological development of the human spinal cord during the embryonic, fetal, and postnatal periods. The successive acquisition of voluntary control over different parts of the body during infancy is correlated with the progressive myelination of the corticospinal tract. * The book contains an extensive review of work on spinal cord organization and development throughout the 20th century. * The interpretations are based on experimental studies of spinal cord development in the rat carried out by the authors and their associates. * The histological material on human spinal cord development is the largest ever assembled and reproduced (combining the Carnegie, Minot, and Yakovlev Collections). * The collected material (which varies in quality and some of it has begun to fade) has been digitized and electronically reprocessed for improved reproduction. * Discrete components of the spinal cord and new developments are highlighted by color coding; typically on one side only, leaving the contralateral side untouched to allow the reader to use his own interpretation. * Summary graphs are presented, many in color, to convey important structural relationships, developmental events, or theories. * The authors revive a few forgotten theories and offer several new ones regarding the development and organization of the human spinal cord. Development of the Human Spinal Cord will be of interest to developmental biologists, neuroscientists, embryologists, molecular biologists (those working on stem cell research), pediatric neurologists, pathologists, child and developmental psychologists, and their students and trainees
Author : Lea Ziskind-Conhaim
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9781573318747
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (187 download)
Download or read book Neurons, Circuitry, and Plasticity in the Spinal Cord and Brainstem, Volume 1279 written by Lea Ziskind-Conhaim and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2013-04-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain and the spinal cord, together, compose the central nervous system. Only relatively recently has research shifted focus to consider the integral functions at the individual neuronal and network levels that are mediated by the spinal cord. In this volume, recent work is presented addressing developments in this emerging area. Short reviews examine motor neuron synaptic plasticity, molecular signaling in motor circuits, advances in in vivo and in vitro imaging of spinal cord injury, inhibitory and excitatory locomotor programs, and mapping the circuitry of tactile and sensory functions, including nociception and pain relief. Collectively, these papers provide an overview of some of the most exciting topics in spinal cord research—spanning basic cellular mechanisms to translational approaches. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.
Author : Susan J. Harkema
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0195342089
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Locomotor Training written by Susan J. Harkema and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical rehabilitation for walking recovery after spinal cord injury is undergoing a paradigm shift. Therapy historically has focused on compensation for sensorimotor deficits after SCI using wheelchairs and bracing to achieve mobility. With locomotor training, the aim is to promote recovery via activation of the neuromuscular system below the level of the lesion. What basic scientists have shown us as the potential of the nervous system for plasticity, to learn, even after injury is being translated into a rehabilitation strategy by taking advantage of the intrinsic biology of the central nervous system. While spinal cord injury from basic and clinical perspectives was the gateway for developing locomotor training, its application has been extended to other populations with neurologic dysfunction resulting in loss of walking or walking disability.
Author : Gregory E. P. Pearcey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Exploiting Evolutionarily Conserved Pathways to Promote Plasticity of Human Spinal Circuits written by Gregory E. P. Pearcey and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans evolved from species that walked on all four limbs, which means that experiments in quadrupeds can guide and support experiments in humans. This is particularly helpful for neural rehabilitation because the central nervous system is plastic in nature, meaning that activities promoting central nervous system activity can alter subsequent output properties. This is known as neuroplasticity and can be measured as changes in spinal cord excitability through reflexes as a proxy. By targeting evolutionarily conserved pathways that act on similar interneurons within the spinal cord to either increase or decrease excitability, it may be possible to preferentially modulate spinal cord excitability based on a desirable outcome. For example, rhythmic movement reduces spinal cord excitability whereas brief sensory input to cutaneous afferents increases spinal cord excitability. Alterations in spinal cord excitability have been shown to outlast the activity duration, suggesting that neuroplasticity is not transient. This evidence suggests that both rhythmic movement and sensory input can induce acute neuroplasticity of spinal cord excitability. The overall purpose of this dissertation was two-fold; 1) to provide reviews of how evolutionarily conserved pathways are studied in humans and how they contribute to human rhythmic movement, and 2) experimentally examine how these conserved pathways, which converge onto similar interneuron circuitry, can be exploited to cause bidirectional changes in spinal cord excitability. Reviews indicate that humans have retained characteristics of quadrupedal locomotion and, in particular, activity of the arms affects the excitability of the legs, and vice versa. Cutaneous input is integrated throughout the body during locomotion, such that cutaneous sensations elicit neuromechanical responses that are nerve-specific and modulated according to the phase of movement. In experiment 1, there was increased spinal cord excitability following patterned stimulation of cutaneous afferents innervating the bottom of the foot. In experiment 2, stimulation to cutaneous afferents innervating both the top and bottom of the foot amplified voluntary plantar- and dorsiflexion. In experiment 3, cervicolumbar connections were exploited to amplify plasticity in spinal cord excitability induced by rhythmic movement. Finally, in experiment 4, there were interactions of rhythmic movement and fatigue, which both reduce spinal cord excitability, with cutaneous stimulation, which increases spinal cord excitability, such that reductions in spinal cord excitability associated with fatigue were mitigated by cutaneous stimulation. Taken together, these experiments suggest that cutaneous stimulation can increase spinal cord excitability, whereas quadrupedal locomotor activity can decrease spinal cord excitability. These conserved pathways can be exploited to intentionally modify spinal cord excitability in a bidirectional fashion, which provides fruitful information for the exploration of rehabilitation and sport performance practices.
Author : Lyandysha Viktorovna Zholudeva
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128192615
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Spinal Interneurons written by Lyandysha Viktorovna Zholudeva and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-11-29 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spinal cord is comprised of four types of neurons: motor neurons, pre-ganglionic neurons, ascending projection neurons, and spinal interneurons. Interneurons are neurons that process information within local circuits, and have an incredible ability for neuroplasticity, whether due to persistent activity, neural injury, or in response to disease. Although, by definition, their axons are restricted to the same structure as the soma (in this case the spinal cord), spinal interneurons are capable of sprouting and rewiring entire neural circuits, and contribute to some restoration of disrupted neural communication after injury to the spinal cord (i.e., “bypassing the lesion site). Spinal Interneurons provides a focused overview of how scientists classify interneurons in general, the techniques used to identify subsets of interneurons, their roles in specific neural circuits, and the scientific evidence for their neuroplasticity. Understanding the capacity for neuroplasticity and identity of specific spinal interneurons that are optimal for recovery, may help determine cellular candidates for developing therapies. Spinal Interneurons provides neuroscientists, clinicians, and trainees a reference book exclusively concentrating on spinal interneurons, the techniques and experiments employed to identify and study these cells as part of normal and compromised neural circuits, and highlights the therapeutic potential of these cells by presenting the relevant pre-clinical and clinical work to date. People in industry will also benefit from this book, which compiles the latest in therapeutic strategies for targeting spinal interneurons, what considerations there are for the development and use of treatments, and how such treatments can not only be translated to the clinic, but how existing treatments should be appropriately reverse-translated to the bench. Comprehensive overview of techniques used to identify, characterize, and classify spinal interneurons and their role in neural circuits Description of the role that spinal interneurons play in mediating plasticity after compromise to spinal neural networks In-depth discussion of therapeutic potential of spinal interneurons for spinal cord injury and/or disease
Author : Sergey N. Makarov
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030456234
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020 written by Sergey N. Makarov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, took place between July 23 and 27, 2019, in Berlin, Germany. The focus was on "Biomedical engineering ranging from wellness to intensive care." This conference provided an opportunity for researchers from academia and industry to discuss a variety of topics relevant to EMBS and hosted the 4th Annual Invited Session on Computational Human Models. At this session, a bevy of research related to the development of human phantoms was presented, together with a substantial variety of practical applications explored through simulation.
Author : Hans J. ten Donkelaar
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030418782
Total Pages : 988 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Clinical Neuroanatomy written by Hans J. ten Donkelaar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-18 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Connections define the functions of neurons: information flows along connections, as well as growth factors and viruses, and even neuronal death can progress through connections. Accordingly, knowing how the various parts of the brain are interconnected to form functional systems is a prerequisite for properly understanding data from all fields in the neurosciences. Clinical Neuroanatomy: Brain Circuitry and Its Disorders bridges the gap between neuroanatomy and clinical neurology. It focuses on human and primate data in the context of brain circuitry disorders, which are so common in neurological practice. In addition, numerous clinical cases are presented to demonstrate how normal brain circuitry can be interrupted, and what the effects are. Following an introduction to the organization and vascularization of the human brain and the techniques used to study brain circuitry, the main neurofunctional systems are discussed, including the somatosensory, auditory, visual, motor, autonomic and limbic systems, the cerebral cortex and complex cerebral functions. In this 2nd edition, apart from a general updating, many new illustrations have been added and more emphasis is placed on modern techniques such as diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and network analysis. Moreover, a developmental ontology based on the prosomeric model is applied, resulting in a more modern subdivision of the brain. The new edition of Clinical Neuroanatomy is primarily intended for neurologists, neuroradiologists and neuropathologists, as well as residents in these fields, but will also appeal to (neuro)anatomists and all those whose work involves human brain mapping.
Author : Richard B. Borgens
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642593615
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)
Download or read book Restoring Function to the Injured Human Spinal Cord written by Richard B. Borgens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has two major themes: one, to provide a general un derstanding of the biology of spinal cord injury (SCI) in ani mal models and their relationship to naturally occurring inju ry in man, and secondly, to review novel means to induce functional recovery from spinal cord injury based on develop mental biophysics and physiology. These are new innovations in the treatment of SCI, born of disciplines that have not re ceived much attention from investigators interested in the re pair and regeneration of the Central Nervous System (CNS). They include development of 4-Aminopyridine for chronic SCI; oscillating electrical fields and polymer infusion for acute SCI. Biochemistry, neurotransplantation techniques, and phar macological approaches have long dominated this literature. Curiously though, it is these former techniques that are more practical and are rapidly moving into human clinical studies, or have already begun then. All of these clinical therapies have been developed at the Center for Paralysis Research at Purdue University, mirroring the backgrounds and interests of the electrophysiologists and biophysicists of our Research Center's faculty. Two of the three experimental therapies for SCI devel oped at Purdue University are now in human clinical trials, and a third will soon begin. They frame the emphasis of this text.
Author : Jack Becker
Publisher : The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
ISBN 13 : 1499435819
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (994 download)
Download or read book The Brain and Spinal Cord in 3D written by Jack Becker and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2015-07-15 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everyone knows that the brain is responsible for our smarts and the spinal cord holds us up, but students may be surprised to learn how much more these powerhouses are responsible for. Together they control the nervous system. Without them, we would not be able to think, remember, digest nutrients, breathe, blink, swallow, and so much more. Featuring clear and arresting 3D illustrations, this volume takes readers through the brain and spinal cord, covering their parts and functions, and serves as a comprehensive introduction to the human body.
