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The Byzantine Empire 1261 1453
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Book Synopsis The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453 by : Donald M. Nicol
Download or read book The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453 written by Donald M. Nicol and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-10-14 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Byzantine Empire, fragmented and enfeebled by the Fourth Crusade in 1204, never again recovered its former extent, power and influence. Its greatest revival came when the Byzantines in exile reclaimed their capital city of Constantinople in 1261 and this book narrates the history of this restored empire from 1261 to its conquest by the Ottoman Turks in 1453. First published in 1972, the book has been completely revised, amended, and in part rewritten, with its source references and bibliography updated to take account of scholarly research on this last period of Byzantine history carried out over the past twenty years.
Book Synopsis The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453 by : Donald MacGillivray Nicol
Download or read book The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453 written by Donald MacGillivray Nicol and published by London : Hart-Davis. This book was released on 1972 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Byzantine Empire, 1261-1453 by :
Download or read book The Byzantine Empire, 1261-1453 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis History of the Byzantine Empire. B. C. 146 - A by : George Finlay
Download or read book History of the Byzantine Empire. B. C. 146 - A written by George Finlay and published by . This book was released on 2017-02-05 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HISTORY OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIREB.C. 146 - A.D. 1453VOLUME I. GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS. B.C. 146 - A.D. 716CHAPTER I. From the Conquest of Greece to the Establishment of Constantinople as Capital of the Roman Empire. B.C. 146 - A.D. 330. CHAPTER II. From the Establishment of Constantinople as Capital of the Roman Empire, to the Accession of Justinian. A.D.330- A.D. 627. CHAPTER III. The Reign of Justinian. A.D. 527- A.D. 665. CHAPTER IV. From the Death of Justinian to the Restoration of Roman Power in the East by Heraclius. A.D. 565- A.D. 683. CHAPTER V. From the Mohammedan Invasion of Syria to the Extinction of the Roman Power in the East. A.D. 633- A.D. 716. VOLUME II. FROM A.D. 717 TO 1057 BOOK I. THE CONTEST WITH THE ICONOCLASTSA.D. 717-867CHAPTER I. THE ISAURIAN DYNASTY. AD 717-797CHAPTER II. THE REIGNS OF NICEPHORUS I, MICHAEL I, AND LEO V THE ARMENIAN, A.D. 802-820CHAPTER III. THE AMORIAN DYNASTY. AD 820-867CHAPTER IV. STATE OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE DURING THE ICONOCLAST PERIODBOOK IIBASILIAN DYNASTY: PERIOD OF THE POWER AND GLORY OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIREA.D. 867-1057 CHAPTER I. CONSOLIDATION OF BYZANTINE LEGISLATION AND DESPOTISM. AD 867-963CHAPTER II. PERIOD OF CONQUEST AND MILITARY GLORY. AD 963-1025CHAPTER III. PERIOD OF CONSERVATISM ON THE EVE OF DECLINE. AD1025-1057VOLUME IIIFROM A.D. 1057 TO A.D. 1453 BOOK THIRDDECLINE AND FALL OF THE BYZANTINE GOVERNMENTA.D. 1057-1204CHAPTER ICENTRAL GOVERNMENT MODIFIED BY THE DESTRUCTION OF THE POPULATION IN ASIA MINOR. A.D. 1057-1081CHAPTER IITHE DYNASTY OF COMNENUS, A.D. 1081-1185CHAPTER IIITHE FALL OF THE BYZANTINE EMIRE BOOK FOURTHGREEK EMPIRE OF NICAEA AND CONSTANTINPLE. A.D.1204-1453 CHAPTER I.EMPIRE OF NICAEA, AD. 1204-1261.CHAPTER II.GREEK EMPIRE OF CONSTANTINOPLE UNDER THE DYNASTY OF PALEOLOGOS, A.D. 1261-1453.
Author :Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.) Publisher :Metropolitan Museum of Art ISBN 13 :1588391132 Total Pages :682 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (883 download)
Book Synopsis Byzantium by : Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)
Download or read book Byzantium written by Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.) and published by Metropolitan Museum of Art. This book was released on 2004 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fall of the Byzantine capital of Constantinople to the Latin West in 1204 during the Fourth Crusade abruptly interrupted nearly nine hundred years of artistic and cultural traditions. In 1261, however, the Byzantine general Michael VIII Palaiologos triumphantly re-entered Constantinople and reclaimed the seat of the empire, initiating a resurgence of art and culture that would continue for nearly three hundred years, not only in the waning empire itself but also among rival Eastern Christian nations eager to assume its legacy. Byzantium: Faith and Power (1261–1557), and the groundbreaking exhibition that it accompanies, explores the artistic and cultural flowering of the last centuries of the "Empire of the Romans" and its enduring heritage. Conceived as the third of a trio of exhibitions dedicated to a fuller understanding of the art of the Byzantine Empire, whose influence spanned more than a millennium, "Byzantium: Faith and Power (1261–1557)" follows the 1997 landmark presentation of "The Glory of Byzantium," which focused on the art and culture of the Middle Byzantine era—the Second Golden Age of the Byzantine Empire (843–1261). In the late 1970s, "The Age of Spirituality" explored the early centuries of Byzantium's history. The present concluding segment explores the exceptional artistic accomplishments of an era too often considered in terms of political decline. Magnificent works—from splendid frescoes, textiles, gilded metalwork, and mosaics to elaborately decorated manuscripts and liturgical objects—testify to the artistic and intellectual vigor of the Late and Post-Byzantine era. In addition, forty magnificent icons from the Holy Monastery of Saint Catherine, Sinai, Egypt, join others from leading international institutions in a splendid gathering of these powerful religious images. While the political strength of the empire weakened, the creativity and learning of Byzantium spread father than ever before. The exceptional works of secular and religious art produced by Late Byzantine artists were emulated and transformed by other Eastern Christian centers of power, among them Russia, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Cilician Armenia. The Islamic world adapted motifs drawn from Byzantium's imperial past, as Christian minorities in the Muslin East continued Byzantine customs. From Italy to the Lowlands, Byzantium's artistic and intellectual practices deeply influenced the development of the Renaissance, while, in turn, Byzantium's own traditions reflected the empire's connections with the Latin West. Fine examples of these interrelationships are illustrated by important panel paintings, ceramics, and illuminated manuscripts, among other objects. In 1557 the "Empire of the Romans," as its citizens knew it, which had fallen to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, was renamed Byzantium by the German scholar Hieronymus Wolf. The cultural and historical interaction and mutual influence of these major cultures—the Latin West and the Christian and Islamic East—during this fascinating period are investigated in this publication by a renowned group of international scholars in seventeen major essays and catalogue discussions of more than 350 exhibited objects.
Book Synopsis History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453, Volume I by : Alexander A. Vasiliev
Download or read book History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453, Volume I written by Alexander A. Vasiliev and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 1958-04-15 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This is the revised English translation from the original work in Russian of the history of the Great Byzantine Empire. It is the most complete and thorough work on this subject. From it we get a wonderful panorama of the events and developments of the struggles of early Christianity, both western and eastern, with all of its remains of the wonderful productions of art, architecture, and learning.”—Southwestern Journal of Theology
Book Synopsis The History of Byzantine Empire by : Charles Oman
Download or read book The History of Byzantine Empire written by Charles Oman and published by e-artnow. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition covers the history of the Eastern Roman Empire from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD. The author gives the complete insight into the fascinating empire which was characterized by Roman state traditions, Greek culture and language; and Orthodox Christianity. Among the greatest accomplishments of the Empire, the author emphasizes its contribution to the formation of the medieval Europe, its major role in shaping Orthodoxy and transmission of classical knowledge. Contents: Byzantium The Foundation of Constantinople The Fight With the Goths The Departure of the Germans The Reorganization of the Eastern Empire Justinian Justinian's Foreign Conquests The End of Justinian's Reign The Coming of the Slavs The Darkest Hour Social and Religious Life The Coming of the Saracens The First Anarchy The Saracens Turned Back The Iconoclasts The End of the Iconoclasts The Literary Emperors and Their Time Military Glory The End of the Macedonian Dynasty Manzikert The Comneni and the Crusades The Latin Conquest of Constantinople The Latin Empire and the Empire of Nicaea Decline and Decay The Turks in Europe. The End of a Long Tale Table of Emperors
Book Synopsis The Rise and Fall of the Byzantine Empire by : Monique Vescia
Download or read book The Rise and Fall of the Byzantine Empire written by Monique Vescia and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing on the heels of the collapse of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire was in some ways a continuation of its predecessor, extending its history for another 1,000 years. With a new capital at Constantinople, however, it also had a distinctly Eastern character of its own. Readers are transported to Byzantium in this absorbing volume, which recounts the history of this brilliant and articulate civilization as well as the many cultural and architectural achievements it spawned before falling to the Ottomans in 1453. Seminal events are covered in depth in the text and also highlighted in a timeline.
Book Synopsis The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans by : Michael Angold
Download or read book The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans written by Michael Angold and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453 marked the end of a thousand years of the Christian Roman Empire. Thereafter, world civilisation began a process of radical change. The West came to identify itself as Europe; the Russians were set on the path of autocracy; the Ottomans were transformed into a world power while the Greeks were left exiles in their own land. The loss of Constantinople created a void. How that void was to be filled is the subject of this book. Michael Angold examines the context of late Byzantine civilisation and the cultural negotiation which allowed the city of Constantinople to survive for so long in the face of Ottoman power. He shows how the devastating impact of its fall lay at the centre of a series of interlocking historical patterns which marked this time of decisive change for the late medieval world. This concise and original study will be essential reading for students and scholars of Byzantine and late medieval history, as well as anyone with an interest in this significant turning point in world history.
Book Synopsis History of the Byzantine Empire from DCCXVI to MLVII by : George Finlay
Download or read book History of the Byzantine Empire from DCCXVI to MLVII written by George Finlay and published by . This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of the Byzantine Empire covers the history of the eastern Mediterranean empire from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD. Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the transitional period during which the Roman Empire's east and west divided. In 285, the emperor Diocletian (r. 284-305) partitioned the Roman Empire's administration into eastern and western halves. Between 324 and 330, Constantine I (r. 306-337) transferred the main capital from Rome to Byzantium, later known as Constantinople ("City of Constantine") and Nova Roma ("New Rome").Under Theodosius I (r. 379-395), Christianity became the Empire's official state religion and others such as Roman polytheism were proscribed. And finally, under the reign of Heraclius (r. 610-641), the Empire's military and administration were restructured and adopted Greek for official use instead of Latin. Thus, although it continued the Roman state and maintained Roman state traditions, modern historians distinguish Byzantium from ancient Rome insofar as it was oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture, and characterized by Orthodox Christianity rather than Roman polytheism. The borders of the Empire evolved significantly over its existence, as it went through several cycles of decline and recovery. During the reign of Justinian I (r. 527-565), the Empire reached its greatest extent after reconquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterranean coast, including north Africa, Italy, and Rome itself, which it held for two more centuries. During the reign of Maurice (r. 582-602), the Empire's eastern frontier was expanded and the north stabilized. However, his assassination caused a two-decade-long war with Sassanid Persia which exhausted the Empire's resources and contributed to major territorial losses during the Muslim conquests of the 7th century. In a matter of years the Empire lost its richest provinces, Egypt and Syria, to the Arabs. During the Macedonian dynasty (10th-11th centuries), the Empire again expanded and experienced a two-century long renaissance, which came to an end with the loss of much of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. This battle opened the way for the Turks to settle in Anatolia as a homeland. The final centuries of the Empire exhibited a general trend of decline. It struggled to recover during the 12th century, but was delivered a mortal blow during the Fourth Crusade, when Constantinople was sacked and the Empire dissolved and divided into competing Byzantine Greek and Latin realms. Despite the eventual recovery of Constantinople and re-establishment of the Empire in 1261, Byzantium remained only one of several small rival states in the area for the final two centuries of its existence. Its remaining territories were progressively annexed by the Ottomans over the 15th century. The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 finally ended the Empire.
Book Synopsis Late Byzantium Reconsidered by : Andrea Mattiello
Download or read book Late Byzantium Reconsidered written by Andrea Mattiello and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-04 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Late Byzantium Reconsidered offers a unique collection of essays analysing the artistic achievements of Mediterranean centres linked to the Byzantine Empire between 1261, when the Palaiologan dynasty re-conquered Constantinople, and the decades after 1453, when the Ottomans took the city, marking the end of the Empire. These centuries were characterised by the rising of socio-political elites, in regions such as Crete, Italy, Laconia, Serbia, and Trebizond, that, while sharing cultural and artistic values influenced by the Byzantine Empire, were also developing innovative and original visual and cultural standards. The comparative and interdisciplinary framework offered by this volume aims to challenge established ideas concerning the late Byzantine period such as decline, renewal, and innovation. By examining specific case studies of cultural production from within and outside Byzantium, the chapters in this volume highlight the intrinsic innovative nature of the socio-cultural identities active in the late medieval and early modern Mediterranean vis-à-vis the rhetorical assumption of the cultural contraction of the Byzantine Empire.
Download or read book Constantinople written by Edwin Grosvenor and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-03-30 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constantinople was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine (330-1204 and 1261-1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204-1261), and the later Ottoman (1453-1923) empires. It was reinaugurated in 324 AD from ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great, after whom it was named, and dedicated on 11 May 330 AD
Book Synopsis History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453, Volume II by : Alexander A. Vasiliev
Download or read book History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453, Volume II written by Alexander A. Vasiliev and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 1964 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This is the revised English translation from the original work in Russian of the history of the Great Byzantine Empire. It is the most complete and thorough work on this subject. From it we get a wonderful panorama of the events and developments of the struggles of early Christianity, both western and eastern, with all of its remains of the wonderful productions of art, architecture, and learning.”—Southwestern Journal of Theology
Author :Charles William Chadwick Oman, M.a. Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781544218526 Total Pages :384 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (185 download)
Book Synopsis The Story of the Byzantine Empire by : Charles William Chadwick Oman, M.a.
Download or read book The Story of the Byzantine Empire written by Charles William Chadwick Oman, M.a. and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-03-07 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Both "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire and to themselves as "Romans". Several signal events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the period of transition during which the Roman Empire's Greek East and Latin West divided. Constantine I (r. 324-337) reorganised the empire, made Constantinople the new capital, and legalised Christianity. Under Theodosius I (r. 379-395), Christianity became the Empire's official state religion and other religious practices were proscribed. Finally, under the reign of Heraclius (r. 610-641), the Empire's military and administration were restructured and adopted Greek for official use instead of Latin. Thus, although the Roman state continued and Roman state traditions were maintained, modern historians distinguish Byzantium from ancient Rome insofar as it was centred on Constantinople, oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture, and characterised by Orthodox Christianity. The borders of the Empire evolved significantly over its existence, as it went through several cycles of decline and recovery. During the reign of Justinian I (r. 527-565), the Empire reached its greatest extent after reconquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterranean coast, including North Africa, Italy, and Rome itself, which it held for two more centuries. During the reign of Maurice (r. 582-602), the Empire's eastern frontier was expanded and the north stabilised. However, his assassination caused the Byzantine-Sasanian War of 602-628, which exhausted the Empire's resources and contributed to major territorial losses during the Muslim conquests of the seventh century. In a matter of years the Empire lost its richest provinces, Egypt and Syria, to the Arabs. During the Macedonian dynasty (10th-11th centuries), the Empire again expanded and experienced the two-century long Macedonian Renaissance, which came to an end with the loss of much of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. This battle opened the way for the Turks to settle in Anatolia. The Empire recovered again during the Komnenian restoration, such that by the 12th century Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest European city. However, it was delivered a mortal blow during the Fourth Crusade, when Constantinople was sacked in 1204 and the territories that the Empire formerly governed were divided into competing Byzantine Greek and Latin realms. Despite the eventual recovery of Constantinople in 1261, the Byzantine Empire remained only one of several small rival states in the area for the final two centuries of its existence. Its remaining territories were progressively annexed by the Ottomans over the 15th century. The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 finally ended the Byzantine Empire.
Book Synopsis The Walls of Constantinople by : Bernard Granville Baker
Download or read book The Walls of Constantinople written by Bernard Granville Baker and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constantinople was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine (330-1204 and 1261-1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204-1261), and the later Ottoman (1453-1923) empires. It was reinaugurated in 324 AD from ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great, after whom it was named, and dedicated on 11 May 330 AD
Book Synopsis The Byzantine Empire 717-1453 by : George Finlay
Download or read book The Byzantine Empire 717-1453 written by George Finlay and published by Perennial Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE institutions of Imperial Rome had long thwarted the great law of man's existence which impels him to better his condition, when the accession of Leo the Isaurian to the throne of Constantinople suddenly opened a new era in the history of the Eastern Empire. Both the material and intellectual progress of society had been deliberately opposed by the imperial legislation. A spirit of conservatism persuaded the legislators of the Roman empire that its power could not decline, if each order and profession of its citizens was fixed irrevocably in the sphere of their own peculiar duties by hereditary succession. An attempt was really made to divide the population into castes. But the political laws which were adopted to maintain mankind in a state of stationary prosperity by these trammels, depopulated and impoverished the empire, and threatened to dissolve the very elements of society. The Western Empire, under their operation, fell a prey to small tribes of northern nations; the Eastern was so depopulated that it was placed on the eve of being repeopled by Sclavonian colonists, and conquered by Saracen invaders...
Book Synopsis Byzantium at War AD 600-1453 by : John Haldon
Download or read book Byzantium at War AD 600-1453 written by John Haldon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Byzantium survived for 800 years, yet its dominions and power fluctuated dramatically during that time. In this book, John Haldon tells the full story of the Byzantine Empire--from the days when it was barely clinging to survival, to the age when its fabulous wealth attracted Viking mercenaries and Asian nomad warriors, to its armies whose very appearance on the battlefield was enough to bring enemies to terms. In 1453, the last emperor of Byzantium, Constantine XII, died fighting on the ramparts, bringing to a romantic end the glorious history of this legendary empire.
