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The Brazilian Nuclear Program And The Question Of Non Proliferation Of Atomic Weapons
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Book Synopsis The Brazilian Nuclear Program and the Question of Non-proliferation of Atomic Weapons by : Joao Bapista Pinheiro
Download or read book The Brazilian Nuclear Program and the Question of Non-proliferation of Atomic Weapons written by Joao Bapista Pinheiro and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Politics and the Bomb by : Sara Z. Kutchesfahani
Download or read book Politics and the Bomb written by Sara Z. Kutchesfahani and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epistemic communities represent networks of knowledge-based experts that help articulate cause-and-effect relationships of complex problems, define the self-interests of a state, or formulate specific policies for state decision makers. However, the role of these scientists and knowledgeable professionals in nuclear policy formulation is poorly understood. Thoroughly documented and making excellent use of source material, Politics and the Bomb provides refreshingly new empirical evidence and theoretical analysis of the importance of scientists and experts behind the creation of new non-proliferation agreements. Simply not another book on nuclear proliferation, Sara Z. Kutchesfahani explores the differences in the emergence, composition, and influence mechanisms of the epistemic communities behind the nuclear non-proliferation policy formulation in Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC) and the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program. In doing so she eloquently demonstrates how the role of these non-proliferation experts lead to the possibility of creating more effective non-proliferation policies in the future and hints at the need to sustain non-proliferation epistemic communities in all countries that can provide input to the global proliferation problem until it is solved.
Download or read book Seeking the Bomb written by Vipin Narang and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first systematic look at the different strategies that states employ in their pursuit of nuclear weapons Much of the work on nuclear proliferation has focused on why states pursue nuclear weapons. The question of how states pursue nuclear weapons has received little attention. Seeking the Bomb is the first book to analyze this topic by examining which strategies of nuclear proliferation are available to aspirants, why aspirants select one strategy over another, and how this matters to international politics. Looking at a wide range of nations, from India and Japan to the Soviet Union and North Korea to Iraq and Iran, Vipin Narang develops an original typology of proliferation strategies—hedging, sprinting, sheltered pursuit, and hiding. Each strategy of proliferation provides different opportunities for the development of nuclear weapons, while at the same time presenting distinct vulnerabilities that can be exploited to prevent states from doing so. Narang delves into the crucial implications these strategies have for nuclear proliferation and international security. Hiders, for example, are especially disruptive since either they successfully attain nuclear weapons, irrevocably altering the global power structure, or they are discovered, potentially triggering serious crises or war, as external powers try to halt or reverse a previously clandestine nuclear weapons program. As the international community confronts the next generation of potential nuclear proliferators, Seeking the Bomb explores how global conflict and stability are shaped by the ruthlessly pragmatic ways states choose strategies of proliferation.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Proliferation and Latin American Security by : Eduardo A. De Jesus
Download or read book Nuclear Proliferation and Latin American Security written by Eduardo A. De Jesus and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis illustrates that Brazil maintains a hidden agenda in order to support one of the most advances nuclear research and nuclear power programs in Latin America. From the early 1970s to the late 1980s Brazilian military leaders pursued the development of nuclear weapons. With the emergence of democratic regimes during the 1980s, these covert projects were halted or terminated. The civilian administration in Brazil is now supporting an ambiguous and uncompromising position by not ratifying significant agreemets renouncing the research of nuclear weapons programs. With Brazil still rejecting the Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), not formally embracing the Tlatelolco Treaty (that prohibits nuclear weapons in Latin America), and not allowing full implementation of inspections and International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA) Safeguards on nuclear facilities, the future of the Brazilian nuclear program appears to be a dormant but potential factor in Brazilian foreign policy.
Book Synopsis Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation by : Allan S. Krass
Download or read book Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation written by Allan S. Krass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1983, this book presents both the technical and political information necessary to evaluate the emerging threat to world security posed by recent advances in uranium enrichment technology. Uranium enrichment has played a relatively quiet but important role in the history of efforts by a number of nations to acquire nuclear weapons and by a number of others to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. For many years the uranium enrichment industry was dominated by a single method, gaseous diffusion, which was technically complex, extremely capital-intensive, and highly inefficient in its use of energy. As long as this remained true, only the richest and most technically advanced nations could afford to pursue the enrichment route to weapon acquisition. But during the 1970s this situation changed dramatically. Several new and far more accessible enrichment techniques were developed, stimulated largely by the anticipation of a rapidly growing demand for enrichment services by the world-wide nuclear power industry. This proliferation of new techniques, coupled with the subsequent contraction of the commercial market for enriched uranium, has created a situation in which uranium enrichment technology might well become the most important contributor to further nuclear weapon proliferation. Some of the issues addressed in this book are: A technical analysis of the most important enrichment techniques in a form that is relevant to analysis of proliferation risks; A detailed projection of the world demand for uranium enrichment services; A summary and critique of present institutional non-proliferation arrangements in the world enrichment industry, and An identification of the states most likely to pursue the enrichment route to acquisition of nuclear weapons.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Non-Proliferation by : Michael P. Fry
Download or read book Nuclear Non-Proliferation written by Michael P. Fry and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-06 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume appears at a time when the prospects for banishing the threat of nuclear annihilation are brighter than at any time since the first atomic device exploded over the desert at Alamogordo. The last few years have seen an ex traordinary change in the climate of East-West relations. The programme of political and economic reform which President Gorbachev initiated in the Soviet Union and which is now spreading throughout most of Eastern Europe has been parallelled by serious efforts to reach agreement on measures for conventional and nuclear disarmament. This has led to new hope that international peace and security can at last be built upon the firm foundation of justice, respect for in ternational law and a determination to approach problems in a spirit of genuine co-operation rather than one of distrust and confrontation. This new climate encourages us in the belief that the obvious common sense of preventing the further spread of nuclear weapons will come to be shared by all nations. At the same time, we have to recognize two very disturbing facts, which imply that there can be no slackening of our efforts to strengthen the non-proliferation regime.
Book Synopsis Averting a Latin American Nuclear Arms Race by : Paul Leventhal
Download or read book Averting a Latin American Nuclear Arms Race written by Paul Leventhal and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992-06-18 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viewed by experts as being on the threshold of acquiring nuclear weapons, Argentina and Brazil have recently taken steps to assure each other their nuclear programs are entirely peaceful. This reports on a 1989 conference that anticipated these events and explored the approaches being taken today.
Book Synopsis The Nuclear Triangle -- Washington, Bonn and Brasilia, National Nuclear Policies and International Proliferation by : Helga Haftendorn
Download or read book The Nuclear Triangle -- Washington, Bonn and Brasilia, National Nuclear Policies and International Proliferation written by Helga Haftendorn and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Power Versus Prudence by : T. V. Paul
Download or read book Power Versus Prudence written by T. V. Paul and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2000 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the end of the Cold War, nuclear non-proliferation has emerged as a central issue in international security relations. While most existing works on nuclear proliferation deal with the question of nuclear acquisition, T.V. Paul explains why some states – over 185 at present – have decided to forswear nuclear weapons even when they have the technological capability or potential capability to develop them, and why some states already in possession of nuclear arms choose to dismantle them. In Power versus Prudence Paul develops a prudential-realist model, arguing that a nation's national nuclear choices depend on specific regional security contexts: the non-great power states most likely to forgo nuclear weapons are those in zones of low and moderate conflict, while nations likely to acquire such capability tend to be in zones of high conflict and engaged in protracted conflicts and enduring rivalries. He demonstrates that the choice to forbear acquiring nuclear weapons is also a function of the extent of security interdependence that states experience with other states, both allies and adversaries. He applies the comparative case study method to pairs of states with similar characteristics – Germany/Japan, Canada/Australia, Sweden/Switzerland, Argentina/Brazil – in addition to analysing the nuclear choices of South Africa, Ukraine, South Korea, India, Pakistan, and Israel. Paul concludes by questioning some of the prevailing supply side approaches to non-proliferation, offering an explication of the security variable and its linking of nuclear proliferation with protracted conflicts and enduring rivalries. Power versus Prudence will be of interest to students of international relations, policy-makers, policy analysts, and the informed public concerned with the questions of nuclear weapons, non-proliferation, and disarmament. T.V. Paul is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science, McGill University. He has published several books and numerous articles on international security and the politics of nuclear weapons, including Asymmetric Conflicts: War Initiation by Weaker Powers, The Absolute Weapon Revisited: Nuclear Arms and the Emerging International Order, and International Order and the Future of World Politics.
Book Synopsis Reviewing the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty by : Henry Sokolski
Download or read book Reviewing the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty written by Henry Sokolski and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons is the cornerstone of the nonproliferation regime. It entered into force in 1970, and 190 states have subscribed. The treaty covers three mutually reinforcing pillars—disarmament, nonproliferation, and peaceful uses of nuclear energy—and is the basis for international cooperation on stopping the spread of nuclear weapons. The basic bargain at the core of the NPT is sound: Countries with nuclear weapons will move towards disarmament; countries without nuclear weapons will not acquire them; and all countries can access peaceful nuclear technology.The NPT Review ProcessThe Treaty allows for the Parties to gather every five years to review its operation. At the 1995 Review and Extension Conference, the Parties extended the Treaty indefinitely and formalized the practice of convening a Review Conference (RevCon) every five years, as well as holding Preparatory Committee meeting during each of the three years preceding a RevCon. The 2015 NPT RevCon will take place at the United Nations in New York from April 27-May 22. The U.S. looks forward to a constructive RevCon, and we pledge to work with others to reaffirm and strengthen the NPT as a critical element of our common security.
Book Synopsis Negotiating the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty by : Roland Popp
Download or read book Negotiating the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty written by Roland Popp and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a critical historical assessment of the negotiation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and of the origins of the nonproliferation regime. The NPT has been signed by 190 states and was indefinitely extended in 1995, rendering it the most successful arms control treaty in history. Nevertheless, little is known about the motivations and strategic calculi of the various middle and small powers in regard to their ultimate decision to join the treaty despite its discriminatory nature. While the NPT continues to be central to current nonproliferation efforts, its underlying mechanisms remain under-researched. Based on newly declassified archival sources and using previously inaccessible evidence, the contributions in this volume examine the underlying rationales of the specific positions taken by various states during the NPT negotiations. Starting from a critical appraisal of our current knowledge of the genesis of the nonproliferation regime, contributors from diverse national and disciplinary backgrounds focus on both European and non-European states in order to enrich our understanding of how the global nuclear order came into being. This book will be of much interest to students of nuclear proliferation, Cold War history, security studies and IR.
Book Synopsis The US–India Nuclear Agreement by : Dinshaw Mistry
Download or read book The US–India Nuclear Agreement written by Dinshaw Mistry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the US-India nuclear deal that marked a watershed moment in the relations between the two democracies.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Politics by : Alexandre Debs
Download or read book Nuclear Politics written by Alexandre Debs and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive theory of the causes of nuclear proliferation, alongside an in-depth analysis of sixteen historical cases of nuclear development.
Book Synopsis The Treaty of Pelindaba on the African Nuclear-weapon-free-zone by : Olu Adeniji
Download or read book The Treaty of Pelindaba on the African Nuclear-weapon-free-zone written by Olu Adeniji and published by United Nations Publications UNIDIR. This book was released on 2002 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes the text of the treaty
Book Synopsis Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy Issues in the 103rd Congress by : Zachary Davis
Download or read book Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy Issues in the 103rd Congress written by Zachary Davis and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preventing the further proliferation of nuclear weapons has been a major goal of U.S. policy ever since the United States developed and used the atomic bomb against Japan in 1945. This goal has taken on new importance for U.S. national security in light of several post-Cold War events. One is the breakup of the Soviet Union; some of the new republics were reluctant to give up nuclear weapons stationed on their territory, and disorder in Russia raised questions about the safety and security of the former Soviet arsenal. The United States is providing assistance to prevent former Soviet nuclear weapons or the materials used to make them from falling into the wrong hands. Another post-Cold War nonproliferation event was Iraq's success in clandestinely developing nuclear weapons despite being a member of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Third, North Korea apparently diverted plutonium to a secret bomb program, threatened to withdraw from the Treaty, and continues to block inspections. Other events tend to strengthen nonproliferation efforts. These include the agreement by Argentina and Brazil to allow inspection of their nuclear activities; South Africa's joining the NPT after dismantling six nuclear weapons and agreeing to international inspection of all of its nuclear activities; France's and China's joining the Treaty as nuclear weapons states; and successful enforcement of nonproliferation commitments in Iraq.
Book Synopsis Israel and the Bomb by : Avner Cohen
Download or read book Israel and the Bomb written by Avner Cohen and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1998-09-30 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until now, there has been no detailed account of Israel's nuclear history. Previous treatments of the subject relied heavily on rumors, leaks, and journalistic speculations. But with Israel and the Bomb, Avner Cohen has forged an interpretive political history that draws on thousands of American and Israeli government documents—most of them recently declassified and never before cited—and more than one hundred interviews with key individuals who played important roles in this story. Cohen reveals that Israel crossed the nuclear weapons threshold on the eve of the 1967 Six-Day War, yet it remains ambiguous about its nuclear capability to this day. What made this posture of "opacity" possible, and how did it evolve? Cohen focuses on a two-decade period from about 1950 until 1970, during which David Ben-Gurion's vision of making Israel a nuclear-weapon state was realized. He weaves together the story of the formative years of Israel's nuclear program, from the founding of the Israeli Atomic Energy Commission in 1952, to the alliance with France that gave Israel the sophisticated technology it needed, to the failure of American intelligence to identify the Dimona Project for what it was, to the negotiations between President Nixon and Prime Minister Meir that led to the current policy of secrecy. Cohen also analyzes the complex reasons Israel concealed its nuclear program—from concerns over Arab reaction and the negative effect of the debate at home to consideration of America's commitment to nonproliferation. Israel and the Bomb highlights the key questions and the many potent issues surrounding Israel's nuclear history. This book will be a critical resource for students of nuclear proliferation, Middle East politics, Israeli history, and American-Israeli relations, as well as a revelation for general readers.
Book Synopsis Revisiting South Africa's Nuclear Weapons Program by : David Albright
Download or read book Revisiting South Africa's Nuclear Weapons Program written by David Albright and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-09-24 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1989, South Africa made the momentous decision to abandon its nuclear weapons, making it the first and still the only country that has produced nuclear weapons and given them up. Over thirty years, the apartheid regime had created a remarkably sophisticated capability to build nuclear weapons-both the nuclear warhead and advanced military systems to deliver them. The program was born in secret and remained so until its end. The government initially sought to dismantle it in secret. It hoped to avoid any negative international consequences of possessing nuclear weapons. The apartheid government's strategy did not work, because too many intelligence agencies knew about South Africa's nuclear weapons. Faced with intense pressure, South Africa's President F.W. de Klerk reversed course and adopted a policy of transparency in 1993. However, he decided to hide many of its aspects. Nonetheless, most of the remaining secrets emerged over the ensuing 25 years. Revisiting South Africa's Nuclear Weapons Program draws on previously secret information to provide the first comprehensive, technically-oriented look at South Africa's nuclear weapons program; how it grew, evolved, and ended. It also finds lessons for today's nuclear proliferation cases.
