The Blacks in Oklahoma

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Author :
Publisher : Newcomers to a New Land
ISBN 13 : 9780806116716
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (167 download)

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Book Synopsis The Blacks in Oklahoma by : Jimmie Lewis Franklin

Download or read book The Blacks in Oklahoma written by Jimmie Lewis Franklin and published by Newcomers to a New Land. This book was released on 1980 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1890, the University of Oklahoma Press published a ten-book series titled Newcomers to a New Land that described and analyzed the role of the major ethnic groups that have contributed to the history of Oklahoma. The series was part of Oklahoma Image, a project sponsored by the Oklahoma Department of Libraries and the Oklahoma Library Association and made possible by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. In response to numerous requests, the University of Oklahoma Press has reissued all ten volumes in the series. Published unaltered from the original editions, these books continue to have both historical and cultural value for reasons the series editorial committee stated as well. ?Though not large in number as compared to those in some states, immigrants from various European nations left a marked impact on Oklahoma's history. As in the larger United States, they worked in many economic and social roles that enriched the state's life. Indians have played a crucial part in Oklahoma's history, even to giving the state her name. Blacks and Mexicans have also fulfilled a special set of roles, and will continue to affect Oklahoma's future. The history of each of these groups is unique, well worth remembering to both their heirs and to other people in the state and nation. Their stories come from the past, but continue on the future.”

The Black Towns

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Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Black Towns by : Norman L. Crockett

Download or read book The Black Towns written by Norman L. Crockett and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 1979 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Appomattox to World War I, blacks continued their quest for a secure position in the American system. The problem was how to be both black and American -- how to find acceptance, or even toleration, in a society in which the boundaries of normative behavior, the values, and the very definition of what it meant to be an American were determined and enforced by whites. A few black leaders proposed self-segregation inside the United States within the protective confines of an all-black community as one possible solution. The black-town idea reached its peak in the fifty years after the Civil War; at least sixty black communities were settled between 1865 and 1915. Norman L. Crockett has focused on the formation, growth and failure of five such communities. These include Nicodemus, Kansas; Mound Bayou, Mississippi; Langston, Oklahoma; and Boley, Oklahoma. The last two offer opportunity to observe aspects of Indian-black relations in this area.

Black Towns, Black Futures

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Author :
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469653982
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Towns, Black Futures by : Karla Slocum

Download or read book Black Towns, Black Futures written by Karla Slocum and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some know Oklahoma's Black towns as historic communities that thrived during the Jim Crow era—this is only part of the story. In this book, Karla Slocum shows that the appeal of these towns is more than their past. Drawing on interviews and observations of town life spanning several years, Slocum reveals that people from diverse backgrounds are still attracted to the communities because of the towns' remarkable history as well as their racial identity and rurality. But that attraction cuts both ways. Tourists visit to see living examples of Black success in America, while informal predatory lenders flock to exploit the rural Black economies. In Black towns, there are developers, return migrants, rodeo spectators, and gentrifiers, too. Giving us a complex window into Black town and rural life, Slocum ultimately makes the case that these communities are places for affirming, building, and dreaming of Black community success even as they contend with the sometimes marginality of Black and rural America.

Black Wall Street

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Author :
Publisher : Eakin Press
ISBN 13 : 9781681792187
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (921 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Wall Street by : Hannibal B Johnson

Download or read book Black Wall Street written by Hannibal B Johnson and published by Eakin Press. This book was released on 2021-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early in the twentieth century, the black community in Tulsa- the "Greenwood District"- became a nationally renowned entrepreneurial center. Frequently referred to as "The Black Wall Street of America," the Greenwood District attracted pioneers from all over America who sought new opportunities and fresh challenges. Legal segregation forced blacks to do business among themselves. The Greenwood district prospered as dollars circulated within the black community. But fear and jealousy swelled in the greater Tulsa community. The alleged assault of a white woman by a black man triggered unprecedented civil unrest. The worst riot in American history, the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 destroyed people, property, hopes, and dreams. Hundreds of people died or were injured. Property damage ran into the millions. The Greenwood District burned to the ground. Ever courageous, the Greenwood District pioneers rebuilt and better than ever. By 1942, some 242 businesses called the Greenwood district home. Having experienced decline in the '60s, '70s, and early '80s, the area is now poised for yet another renaissance. Black Wall Street speaks to the triumph of the human spirit.

A Fluid Frontier

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Publisher : Wayne State University Press
ISBN 13 : 0814339603
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis A Fluid Frontier by : Karolyn Smardz Frost

Download or read book A Fluid Frontier written by Karolyn Smardz Frost and published by Wayne State University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-15 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars of the Underground Railroad as well as those in borderland studies will appreciate the interdisciplinary mix and unique contributions of this volume.

Tulsa, 1921

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Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 0806165510
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis Tulsa, 1921 by : Randy Krehbiel

Download or read book Tulsa, 1921 written by Randy Krehbiel and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1921 Tulsa’s Greenwood District, known then as the nation’s “Black Wall Street,” was one of the most prosperous African American communities in the United States. But on May 31 of that year, a white mob, inflamed by rumors that a young Black man had attempted to rape a white teenage girl, invaded Greenwood. By the end of the following day, thousands of homes and businesses lay in ashes, and perhaps as many as three hundred people were dead. Tulsa, 1921 shines new light into the shadows that have long been cast over this extraordinary instance of racial violence. With the clarity and descriptive power of a veteran journalist, author Randy Krehbiel digs deep into the events and their aftermath and investigates decades-old questions about the local culture at the root of what one writer has called a white-led pogrom. Krehbiel analyzes local newspaper accounts in an unprecedented effort to gain insight into the minds of contemporary Tulsans. In the process he considers how the Tulsa World, the Tulsa Tribune, and other publications contributed to the circumstances that led to the disaster and helped solidify enduring white justifications for it. Some historians have dismissed local newspapers as too biased to be of value for an honest account, but by contextualizing their reports, Krehbiel renders Tulsa’s papers an invaluable resource, highlighting the influence of news media on our actions in the present and our memories of the past. The Tulsa Massacre was a result of racial animosity and mistrust within a culture of political and economic corruption. In its wake, Black Tulsans were denied redress and even the right to rebuild on their own property, yet they ultimately prevailed and even prospered despite systemic racism and the rise during the 1920s of the second Ku Klux Klan. As Krehbiel considers the context and consequences of the violence and devastation, he asks, Has the city—indeed, the nation—exorcised the prejudices that led to this tragedy?

Black Birds in the Sky

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Author :
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0063056682
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Birds in the Sky by : Brandy Colbert

Download or read book Black Birds in the Sky written by Brandy Colbert and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2021-10-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A searing new work of nonfiction from award-winning author Brandy Colbert about the history and legacy of one of the most deadly and destructive acts of racial violence in American history: the Tulsa Race Massacre. Winner, Boston Globe-Horn Book Award. In the early morning of June 1, 1921, a white mob marched across the train tracks in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and into its predominantly Black Greenwood District—a thriving, affluent neighborhood known as America's Black Wall Street. They brought with them firearms, gasoline, and explosives. In a few short hours, they'd razed thirty-five square blocks to the ground, leaving hundreds dead. The Tulsa Race Massacre is one of the most devastating acts of racial violence in US history. But how did it come to pass? What exactly happened? And why are the events unknown to so many of us today? These are the questions that award-winning author Brandy Colbert seeks to answer in this unflinching nonfiction account of the Tulsa Race Massacre. In examining the tension that was brought to a boil by many factors—white resentment of Black economic and political advancement, the resurgence of white supremacist groups, the tone and perspective of the media, and more—a portrait is drawn of an event singular in its devastation, but not in its kind. It is part of a legacy of white violence that can be traced from our country's earliest days through Reconstruction, the Civil Rights movement in the mid–twentieth century, and the fight for justice and accountability Black Americans still face today. The Tulsa Race Massacre has long failed to fit into the story Americans like to tell themselves about the history of their country. This book, ambitious and intimate in turn, explores the ways in which the story of the Tulsa Race Massacre is the story of America—and by showing us who we are, points to a way forward. YALSA Honor Award for Excellence in Nonfiction

Unspeakable

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Publisher : Carolrhoda Books ®
ISBN 13 : 172842464X
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (284 download)

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Book Synopsis Unspeakable by : Carole Boston Weatherford

Download or read book Unspeakable written by Carole Boston Weatherford and published by Carolrhoda Books ®. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Coretta Scott King Book Awards for Author and Illustrator A Caldecott Honor Book A Sibert Honor Book Longlisted for the National Book Award A Kirkus Prize Finalist A Boston Globe-Horn Book Honor Book "A must-have"—Booklist (starred review) Celebrated author Carole Boston Weatherford and illustrator Floyd Cooper provide a powerful look at the Tulsa Race Massacre, one of the worst incidents of racial violence in our nation's history. The book traces the history of African Americans in Tulsa's Greenwood district and chronicles the devastation that occurred in 1921 when a white mob attacked the Black community. News of what happened was largely suppressed, and no official investigation occurred for seventy-five years. This picture book sensitively introduces young readers to this tragedy and concludes with a call for a better future. Download the free educator guide here: https://lernerbooks.com/download/unspeakableteachingguide

The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre

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Author :
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 0806168862
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre by : Karlos K. Hill

Download or read book The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre written by Karlos K. Hill and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the evening of May 31, 1921, and in the early morning hours of June 1, several thousand white citizens and authorities violently attacked the African American Greenwood District of Tulsa, Oklahoma. In the course of some twelve hours of mob violence, white Tulsans reduced one of the nation’s most prosperous black communities to rubble and killed an estimated 300 people, mostly African Americans. This richly illustrated volume, featuring more than 175 photographs, along with oral testimonies, shines a new spotlight on the race massacre from the vantage point of its victims and survivors. Historian and Black Studies professor Karlos K. Hill presents a range of photographs taken before, during, and after the massacre, mostly by white photographers. Some of the images are published here for the first time. Comparing these photographs to those taken elsewhere in the United States of lynchings, the author makes a powerful case for terming the 1921 outbreak not a riot but a massacre. White civilians, in many cases assisted or condoned by local and state law enforcement, perpetuated a systematic and coordinated attack on Black Tulsans and their property. Despite all the violence and devastation, black Tulsans rebuilt the Greenwood District brick by brick. By the mid-twentieth century, Greenwood had reached a new zenith, with nearly 250 Black-owned and Black-operated businesses. Today the citizens of Greenwood, with support from the broader community, continue to work diligently to revive the neighborhood once known as “Black Wall Street.” As a result, Hill asserts, the most important legacy of the Tulsa Race Massacre is the grit and resilience of the Black survivors of racist violence. The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre: A Photographic History offers a perspective largely missing from other accounts. At once captivating and disturbing, it will embolden readers to confront the uncomfortable legacy of racial violence in U.S. history.

I've Been Here All the While

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Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812297989
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis I've Been Here All the While by : Alaina E. Roberts

Download or read book I've Been Here All the While written by Alaina E. Roberts and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perhaps no other symbol has more resonance in African American history than that of "40 acres and a mule"—the lost promise of Black reparations for slavery after the Civil War. In I've Been Here All the While, we meet the Black people who actually received this mythic 40 acres, the American settlers who coveted this land, and the Native Americans whose holdings it originated from. In nineteenth-century Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma), a story unfolds that ties African American and Native American history tightly together, revealing a western theatre of Civil War and Reconstruction, in which Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole Indians, their Black slaves, and African Americans and whites from the eastern United States fought military and rhetorical battles to lay claim to land that had been taken from others. Through chapters that chart cycles of dispossession, land seizure, and settlement in Indian Territory, Alaina E. Roberts draws on archival research and family history to upend the traditional story of Reconstruction. She connects debates about Black freedom and Native American citizenship to westward expansion onto Native land. As Black, white, and Native people constructed ideas of race, belonging, and national identity, this part of the West became, for a short time, the last place where Black people could escape Jim Crow, finding land and exercising political rights, until Oklahoma statehood in 1907.

Death in a Promised Land

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Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807151505
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Death in a Promised Land by : Scott Ellsworth

Download or read book Death in a Promised Land written by Scott Ellsworth and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Widely believed to be the most extreme incident of white racial violence against African Americans in modern United States history, the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre resulted in the destruction of over one thousand black-owned businesses and homes as well as the murder of between fifty and three hundred black residents. Exhaustively researched and critically acclaimed, Scott Ellsworth’s Death in a Promised Land is the definitive account of the Tulsa race riot and its aftermath, in which much of the history of the destruction and violence was covered up. It is the compelling story of racial ideologies, southwestern politics, and incendiary journalism, and of an embattled black community’s struggle to hold onto its land and freedom. More than just the chronicle of one of the nation’s most devastating racial pogroms, this critically acclaimed study of American race relations is, above all, a gripping story of terror and lawlessness, and of courage, heroism, and human perseverance.

Oklahoma Black Cherokees

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Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1625859953
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (258 download)

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Book Synopsis Oklahoma Black Cherokees by : Ty Wilson & Karen Coody Cooper

Download or read book Oklahoma Black Cherokees written by Ty Wilson & Karen Coody Cooper and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2017 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the generations, Cherokee citizens became a conglomerate people. Early in the nineteenth century, tribal leaders adapted their government to mirror the new American model. While accommodating institutional slavery of black people, they abandoned the Cherokee matrilineal clan structure that once determined their citizenship. The 1851 census revealed a total population nearing 18,000, which included 1,844 slaves and 64 free blacks. What it means to be Cherokee has continued to evolve over the past century, yet the histories assembled here by Ty Wilson, Karen Coody Cooper and other contributing authors reveal a meaningful story of identity and survival.

Riot and Remembrance

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Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN 13 : 9780618340767
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Riot and Remembrance by : James S. Hirsch

Download or read book Riot and Remembrance written by James S. Hirsch and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2002 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A buried part of history comes to light in this informative account of the Black Wall Street Massacre in Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1921"--

The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030746798
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre by : Chris M. Messer

Download or read book The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre written by Chris M. Messer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-12 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921, perhaps the most lethal and financially devastating instance of collective violence in early twentieth-century America. The Greenwood district, a comparably prosperous black community spanning thirty-five city blocks, was set afire and destroyed by white rioters. This work analyzes the massacre from a sociological perspective, extending an integrative approach to studying its causes, the organizational responses that followed, and the complicated legacy that remains.

Events of the Tulsa Disaster

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)

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Book Synopsis Events of the Tulsa Disaster by : Mary E. Jones Parrish

Download or read book Events of the Tulsa Disaster written by Mary E. Jones Parrish and published by . This book was released on 1922* with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An account of the Tulsa race riot of 1921 with a collection of shorter witness testimonials and a partial list of property and financial losses of its victims.

The Color of the Land

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Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807895768
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis The Color of the Land by : David A. Chang

Download or read book The Color of the Land written by David A. Chang and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2010-02-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Color of the Land brings the histories of Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites in Oklahoma together into one story that explores the way races and nations were made and remade in conflicts over who would own land, who would farm it, and who would rule it. This story disrupts expected narratives of the American past, revealing how identities--race, nation, and class--took new forms in struggles over the creation of different systems of property. Conflicts were unleashed by a series of sweeping changes: the forced "removal" of the Creeks from their homeland to Oklahoma in the 1830s, the transformation of the Creeks' enslaved black population into landed black Creek citizens after the Civil War, the imposition of statehood and private landownership at the turn of the twentieth century, and the entrenchment of a sharecropping economy and white supremacy in the following decades. In struggles over land, wealth, and power, Oklahomans actively defined and redefined what it meant to be Native American, African American, or white. By telling this story, David Chang contributes to the history of racial construction and nationalism as well as to southern, western, and Native American history.

African Creeks

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Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 9780806138152
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis African Creeks by : Gary Zellar

Download or read book African Creeks written by Gary Zellar and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A narrative of the African Creek community