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The Assessment Of Preference For Qualitatively Different Reinforcers In Persons With Developmental And Learning Disabilities
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Book Synopsis The Assessment of Preference for Qualitatively Different Reinforcers in Persons with Developmental and Learning Disabilities by : Jennifer Lyn Bredthauer
Download or read book The Assessment of Preference for Qualitatively Different Reinforcers in Persons with Developmental and Learning Disabilities written by Jennifer Lyn Bredthauer and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Rate of Challenging Behavior Maintained by Different Reinforcers Across Three Preference Assessments by : Soyeon Kang
Download or read book Evaluation of the Rate of Challenging Behavior Maintained by Different Reinforcers Across Three Preference Assessments written by Soyeon Kang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preference is commonly incorporated into educational interventions for individuals with developmental disabilities. Preference assessments have a solid research base indicating that they are more reliable tools for finding preference than the subjective opinions of parents and teachers. As evidence-based practices have been emphasized, the preference assessment has been a regular component of interventions and instructional programs for the population. Along with the utility, research regarding the assessment and relevant variables has also increased. However, many questions still exist and wait for more inquiry. One of the practical issues is the occurrence of challenging behaviors of individuals with disabilities during preference assessments. Highly occurring challenging behavior during an assessment may interrupt the procedure and lead to inaccurate results about the individual's preference. That may ultimately affect the effectiveness of the intervention or instructional program. Using a procedure that does not evoke challenging behavior is necessary for accurate results as well as ethically responsible. Therefore this study examined the relation between functions of challenging behavior and three commonly used preference assessment procedures: Paired-Stimulus (PS), Multiple-Stimulus without Replacement (MSWO), and Free-Operant (FO). This study had two phases: Functional analyses and preference assessments. First, functional analyses were conducted to identify the function of challenging behaviors. The participants were nine children with developmental disabilities whose functional analysis results indicated their challenging behavior was maintained by access to tangible items (5), attention (2), and escape (2) reinforcers. After identifying the behaviors' functions, preference assessments were implemented to compare the rates of the challenging behaviors. Each preference assessment format was conducted 5 times, in a random order for each participant. The results of the study demonstrate that the occurrence of challenging behavior with different functions was different depending on procedure formats. This suggests that there would be a relation between functions of challenging behavior and preference assessment formats. In other words, depending on the function of challenging behavior, the assessment procedure may act as a trigger evoking the challenging behavior. This study discussed practical guidance to prevent challenging behavior during preference assessments.
Book Synopsis Preference for Reinforcers of Different Efficacies with Persons with Developmental Disabilities by : Pamela D. Kelso
Download or read book Preference for Reinforcers of Different Efficacies with Persons with Developmental Disabilities written by Pamela D. Kelso and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preference -- assessments -- Progressive-ratio -- schedule -- Reinforcer -- efficacy.
Book Synopsis The Assessment of Preference for Qualitatively Different Reinforcers in Canines by : Jeffrey L. Langston
Download or read book The Assessment of Preference for Qualitatively Different Reinforcers in Canines written by Jeffrey L. Langston and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preference, Resistance to Change, and Qualitatively Different Reinforcers by : Christopher A. Podlesnik
Download or read book Preference, Resistance to Change, and Qualitatively Different Reinforcers written by Christopher A. Podlesnik and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preference for one stimulus context over another and resistance to disruption within those contexts are a function of the conditions of reinforcement arranged within those contexts. According to behavioral momentum theory, these measures are converging expressions of the concept of response strength. Most studies have found that preference in concurrent chains and resistance to change are greater in contexts presenting higher rates or larger magnitudes of reinforcement. The present series of experiments attempted to extend behavioral momentum theory by examining whether differences in reinforcer type affect relative response strength with rats lever pressing for different types of food. In Experiment 1 of Chapter 2, several nonuniform disrupter types were examined that provided free access to a food type that was the same as one reinforcer type. Responding decreased more in the context presenting the same type of reinforcer as the disrupter, suggesting that many traditional disrupters (e.g., satiation) are inappropriate for examining how reinforcer type impacts response strength. Therefore, extinction was used throughout the remainder of the experiments to more uniformly disrupt responding across contexts. In Experiment 2 of Chapter 2, resistance to extinction was assessed when food pellets and a sucrose solution maintained responding across contexts. Moreover, relative reinforcer type was manipulated by changing the sucrose concentration across conditions. Relative response rates were systematically affected by changing sucrose concentration, but relative resistance to extinction was not. In Experiment 3 of Chapter 2, qualitative difference between reinforcers was enhanced and preference also was assessed to provide a converging measure of response strength. Preference and relative response rates were systematically affected, but relative resistance to extinction again was not. Finally, in Chapter 3, relative reinforcer rate and type were manipulated while assessing preference and resistance to extinction using the matching law. Preference, but not resistance to extinction, consistently was affected by changes in reinforcer rate and type. Systematic deviations in sensitivity and bias, however, suggested that different reinforcer types interacted with reinforcer rate. Overall, these findings suggest that the overall context of reinforcement, including interactions between different reinforcer types, should be considered when assessing preference and relative resistance to change.
Book Synopsis Effects of Different Assessors on Mulitple Stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessments by : Stevee Sakuda
Download or read book Effects of Different Assessors on Mulitple Stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessments written by Stevee Sakuda and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preference assessments have been proven to be an effective assessment that is often used to determine preferences for individuals with developmental disabilities. The multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessment was used with typically developing children. The current study compared assessors of the preference assessments: familiar and non-familiar. There were five participants exposed to a total of ten sessions. The researcher wanted to see if there was a consistency among the rank order of the items chosen across sessions with the familiar person administering the preference assessment. The researcher also wanted to see if the items chosen as reinforcers were different when the familiar person was the assessor compared to the non-familiar person. The results of the current did not support the hypothesis due to the variability between the rank orders of the items chosen and the assessors. There are several limitations that may have contributed to the findings that were discussed such as not using a reinforcer assessment to confirm the validity of the reinforcing value of the selected item.
Book Synopsis Behavior Analysis by : Henry S. Roane
Download or read book Behavior Analysis written by Henry S. Roane and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2024-01-10 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive volume to bridge the gap between the science of behavior and applied behavior analysis (ABA). The book demonstrates how laboratory research informs real-world interventions to facilitate behavior change, and vice versa. Most of the chapters are written by researcher–clinician collaborators, who highlight commonalities and differences in the ways they conceptualize behavior and collect, analyze, and use data. Chapters present translational perspectives on conditioning, reinforcement, extinction, choice, verbal behavior, and more. Ethical considerations in translational research are explored. Training in foundational knowledge is a key requirement for behavior analyst certification, making this a needed resource for current and future ABA practitioners.
Book Synopsis Schedules of Reinforcement by : B. F. Skinner
Download or read book Schedules of Reinforcement written by B. F. Skinner and published by B. F. Skinner Foundation. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contingent relationship between actions and their consequences lies at the heart of Skinner’s experimental analysis of behavior. Particular patterns of behavior emerge depending upon the contingencies established. Ferster and Skinner examined the effects of different schedules of reinforcement on behavior. An extraordinary work, Schedules of Reinforcement represents over 70,000 hours of research primarily with pigeons, though the principles have now been experimentally verified with many species including human beings. At first glance, the book appears to be an atlas of schedules. And so it is, the most exhaustive in existence. But it is also a reminder of the power of describing and explaining behavior through an analysis of measurable and manipulative behavior-environment relations without appealing to physiological mechanisms in the brain. As en exemplar and source for the further study of behavioral phenomena, the book illustrates the scientific philosophy that Skinner and Ferster adopted: that a science is best built from the ground up, from a firm foundation of facts that can eventually be summarized as scientific laws.
Book Synopsis Teaching Individuals to Conduct Paired-stimulus Preference Assessments for Persons with Developmental Disabilities Using Computer-aided Instruction by : Chelsey Michalyshyn
Download or read book Teaching Individuals to Conduct Paired-stimulus Preference Assessments for Persons with Developmental Disabilities Using Computer-aided Instruction written by Chelsey Michalyshyn and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimulus preference assessments are evidence-based methods for identifying preferred items and potential reinforcers for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. In Experiment 1, the effectiveness of a Paired-Stimulus Self-Instructional Manual, delivered online using the Computer-Aided Personalized System of Instruction (CAPSI), with added videos, was evaluated. In a concurrent multiple-probe design across four groups of undergraduate university students, no participant met the mastery criterion (80%) on written knowledge tests or during simulated assessments, during baseline or after reading a method description adapted from the published literature. However, 11 of the 12 participants met mastery following the online self-instructional training package. Participants improved from a mean performance accuracy of 45.3% in baseline to a mean of 92.4% at post-CAPSI on written knowledge tests, and from a mean performance accuracy of 26.5% in baseline to 85.4% during post-CAPSI simulated assessments. Generalization assessments conducted 7 to 14 days post-CAPSI, showed that all participants performed above the mastery criterion (M = 93.3%). In Experiment 2, the online training package was implemented and managed by an Autism Consultant in a clinical setting for children with autism spectrum disorder, to teach Autism Tutors to carry out the procedure. In a concurrent multiple-probe design across three Autism Tutors, all met and exceeded the mastery criterion (80%) at post-CAPSI on both written knowledge tests and simulated assessments. Mean performance on written knowledge tests improved from 55.7% in baseline to 94.3% at post-CAPSI, and mean performance on simulated assessments improved from 31.8% in baseline to 90% at post-CAPSI. Generalization assessments conducted 7 to 14 days post-CAPSI showed that all Autism Tutors performed above the mastery criterion (M = 88.7%). The online training package was rated highly on social validity assessments in both experiments.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of a Self-instructional Manual for Conducting Paired-stimulus Preference Assessment with Individuals with Developmental Disabilities by : Carly Chand
Download or read book Evaluation of a Self-instructional Manual for Conducting Paired-stimulus Preference Assessment with Individuals with Developmental Disabilities written by Carly Chand and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ample research has shown that direct preference assessment is an effective method for identifying reinforcers for people with developmental disabilities with limited communication skills. Research has also shown that self-instructional manuals are an effective and efficient means for teaching individuals to implement a variety of procedures with individuals with developmental disabilities. I prepared a self-instructional manual to teach individuals to conduct a paired-stimulus (PS) direct preference assessment procedure. I used a concurrent modified multiple-baseline design across participants, combined with an unbalanced crossover design between groups, to evaluate the effectiveness of the manual to teach staff and university students to conduct the assessment. The manual was compared to a description of the assessment procedure adapted from the method sections of published research articles. Four university students and six staff members who work with individuals with developmental disabilities participated. None of the participants had previous experience conducting direct preference assessments. No participant met mastery criterion during simulated preference assessments before training. All participants met mastery criterion (80% correct or higher during a PS preference assessment) after studying the self-instructional manual. No participants met mastery after studying the method description adapted from published studies; participants subsequently met mastery criteria following study of the manual. Across all phases of the study, staff members performed with slightly higher accuracy than students. Training time required to master the self-instructional manual averaged 43 min. Participants' performance remained at high levels during follow-up and generalization sessions. Participants also rated the self-instructional manual more favourably than the method description on a social validity questionnaire. The self-instructional manual offers an efficient, low-cost alternative to face-to-face training for teaching individuals to conduct paired-stimulus preference assessments.
Book Synopsis Preference Assessments with Individuals with Severe Disabilities by : Amanda R. Yeager
Download or read book Preference Assessments with Individuals with Severe Disabilities written by Amanda R. Yeager and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Three children with mental retardation and/or autism participated in a study evaluating the reinforcing effectiveness of moderate- and low-preference stimuli. Nine full array Multiple-Stimulus Without Replacement (MSWO) preference assessments were conducted assessing tangible and edible stimuli. The items categorized as moderate- and low-preference using the Ciccone, Graff, and Ahearn (2005) point weighting scoring method were reassessed. The items ranked high-, moderate-, and low-preference from the assessments were then evaluated during the reinforcer assessments. An alternating treatments design was implemented and data were compared to baseline using an A-B design. Two participants' responding increased as the low-, moderate-, and high-preference reinforcement contingencies were implemented. For one participant, the moderate- and high-preference stimuli produced responding at 100%. One participant had minimal responding relative to baseline across all three stimuli. This study extends previous research by demonstrating the MSWO is an effective and efficient technique to identify reinforcers.
Book Synopsis Evaluating Preference for Reinforcers Under Varying Schedule Requirements in Children with Developmental Disabilities by : Tiffany Kodak
Download or read book Evaluating Preference for Reinforcers Under Varying Schedule Requirements in Children with Developmental Disabilities written by Tiffany Kodak and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Assessment Methods for Identifying Social Reinforcers by : Maureen A. Kelly
Download or read book Evaluation of Assessment Methods for Identifying Social Reinforcers written by Maureen A. Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Although experimenters have evaluated assessment methods for identifying preferred tangible and edible items for children with developmental disabilities, few have evaluated assessment methods for identifying preferred topographies of attention. In the current study, indirect and direct assessments were conducted to identify seven topographies of attention to include in subsequent preference and reinforcer assessments. Two different assessment methods were evaluated until adequate reliability was achieved with one of the methods. During both methods, a therapist presented photos depicting the topographies of attention included in the stimulus array, and a control card (resulting in no consequence) was included. Following the evaluation of the two assessment formats, a reinforcer assessment was conducted using a socially relevant target behavior (i.e., mands) to determine the predictive validity of high- versus low-preference forms of attention." --Abstract, p.2.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Early Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders by : Jonathan Tarbox
Download or read book Handbook of Early Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Jonathan Tarbox and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current rates of autism diagnoses have been cause for concern and research as well as rumor and misinformation. Important questions surround the condition: how early can an accurate diagnosis be made? At what age should intervention start? How can parents recognize warning signs? And what causes autism in the first place? There are no easy answers, but the Handbook of Early Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders gives researchers, practitioners, and academics the science and guidance to better understand and intervene. Background chapters survey the history of professional understanding of the disorders and the ongoing debate over autism as a single entity or a continuum. Chapters on best methods in screening, assessment, and diagnosis reflect the transition between the DSM-V and older diagnostic criteria. And at the heart of the book, the intervention section ranges from evidence-based strategies for developing core skills to ethical concerns, cultural considerations, and controversial treatments. Included in the Handbook's broad-based coverage: Designing curriculum programs for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Mainstream education for children with ASD. Teaching independent living skills to children with ASD. Social skills and play. Behavioral and mental health disorders in children with ASD. Training and supporting caregivers in evidence-based practices. Teaching cognitive skills to children with ASD. The Handbook of Early Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders is a comprehensive reference for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians and other scientist-practitioners in clinical child and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, social work, rehabilitation, special education, and pediatric medicine.
Book Synopsis A Review of Empirically Based Preference Assessments' Ability to Identify Reinforcers for Individuals with Disabilities by : Jennifer A. Sellers
Download or read book A Review of Empirically Based Preference Assessments' Ability to Identify Reinforcers for Individuals with Disabilities written by Jennifer A. Sellers and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 by : National Research Council
Download or read book Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.
