The Art of War

Download The Art of War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 1631063294
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Art of War by : Sun Tzu

Download or read book The Art of War written by Sun Tzu and published by . This book was released on 2017-03 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A manual on the rational planning and conduct of military operations written over two millennia ago in China.

Sun Tzu on the Art of War

Download Sun Tzu on the Art of War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781482537956
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (379 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sun Tzu on the Art of War by : Lionel Giles

Download or read book Sun Tzu on the Art of War written by Lionel Giles and published by . This book was released on 2013-02-13 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This copy of "Sun Tzu on the Art of War" is a complete translation of the original Chinese work, as translated by Dr. Lionel Giles from Great Britain. Although written in 1910, this translation of Sun Tzu's work continues to be the standard from which other English translations of the Art of War are measured. Dr. Lionel Giles had both a solid background in military affairs and was fluent in Chinese where he served as a representative of the British government. He was uniquely qualified to translate the Art of War in a way that would explain what Sun Tzu meant with each of his passages. The following, without commentary, is the Dr. Giles translation: as it appeared in the copy of original Luzac and Co. book. It has proven to be useful to many. This is a straight translation, devoid of modern definitions and supposed meanings. It is our belief that each man can determine the best meaning for each section of this work. Do not be hemmed in by another person's opinion. This printing of "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu is dedicated to anyone who wishes to understand the nature of human conflict. Both on the battlefield and in the business world. The described techniques can be adapted to both situations quite effectively.

Sun Tzu's The Art of War

Download Sun Tzu's The Art of War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Tuttle Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1462905129
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (629 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sun Tzu's The Art of War by : Sun Tzu

Download or read book Sun Tzu's The Art of War written by Sun Tzu and published by Tuttle Publishing. This book was released on 2012-09-18 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sun Tzu's The Art of War has been the premier manual of Chinese military strategy for the past two millennia and, as thousands of Asian businessmen can attest, this classic work is as applicable to the corporate world as it is to the battlefield. This is the only contemporary edition of the classic Lionel Giles translation to contain all of the translator's original notes, to help you better understand Sun Tzu's powerful maxims and apply them in your daily life. John Minford's foreword brings insights to this classic text and its timeless relevance to the modern world. BILINGUAL EDITION: COMPLETE CHINESE AND ENGLISH TEXT This edition also marks the first time Giles' translation has been converted to Hanyu Pinyin—the standard Chinese romanization system. Additionally, the book contains the full Chinese language version of the text, along with Giles' extensive notes, with their original Chinese text references to the historical Chinese commentators, making this edition a treasure to military scholars, martial artists, and those planning to use Sun Tzu's strategies to conquer the business world. Sun Tzu's book will arm you with the knowledge that has allowed those who have studied this classic to gain victory—and often, total domination—over those who remain ignorant of its sage advice.

The Only Award-Winning English Translation of Sun Tzu's the Art of War: More Complete and More Accurate

Download The Only Award-Winning English Translation of Sun Tzu's the Art of War: More Complete and More Accurate PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781929194902
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (949 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Only Award-Winning English Translation of Sun Tzu's the Art of War: More Complete and More Accurate by : Sun Tzu

Download or read book The Only Award-Winning English Translation of Sun Tzu's the Art of War: More Complete and More Accurate written by Sun Tzu and published by . This book was released on 2014-07-02 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only translation that shows the original Chinese with a transliteration of each character side-by-side with the English sentence translation. Includes a glossary explaining Sun Tzu's definitions of the key Chinese concepts. There are many translations of The Art of War, but this is only truly accurate version written by America's leading expert on Sun Tzu's system. Winner of the Independent Publishers Book Award for the best Multicultural Nonfiction book of the year! Seven Ways Better Than All Other Translations! 1.More complete: Based on the complete compilation of all historical sources and academic research rather than on traditional fragmentary sources. 2. More accurate: Shows the original Chinese phrases (thousands of characters), individually translates each character (a transliteration), translates each phrase into an English sentence, and provides details of the key concepts that cannot be translated. 3.More concise: Its side-by-side format makes it impossible to add or subtract from the Chinese source or secretly add the translator's editorial opinions. All commentaries are clearly separated from the translation and text. 4.More authoritative: Translated by America's leading expert on Sun Tzu, who has written over two dozen books explaining the strategic concepts in the text. 5. More consistent: Eliminates the imprecise word choices that create the obvious internal contradictions so common in most other translations. 6. More balanced: Offers one English sentence for each Chinese phrase to preserve the balance of ideas in the original work. 7.More organized: Retains and numbers the original phrase groups to preserve the contextual relationships for easy study. You can compare this version to other translations and immediately see where other English translation depart from the original Chinese into the translators' own opinions and commentaries. This version won the award not just for being the best translation or the best book about Asian philosophy, but the best of all books in 2003 explaining another culture anywhere in the world. Reviews "Supremely Accurate bilingual edition...Each two-page spread features the translated lines into English on one side and the Chinese ideograms with their meanings on the other so that dedicated readers can readily understand the range of meaning in the original text...The definitive version of The Art of War for those English speakers who truly want to understand it..." June 2003, Wisconsin Bookwatch "The Best...internally consistent between the translated concepts and so shows a level of knowledge and detail that is not present in some other translations. As a translator, the author obviously sees the big picture...Gary Gagliardi is considered by many to be a leading expert in understanding and using the competitive methods embodied in Sun Tzu's treatise on the art of war." HAROLD MCFARLAND, editor, Reader's Preference Reviews, Midwest Book Review Contents: Preface: Award-Winning Translation9 Introduction: Sun Tzu's Basic Concepts17 1Analysis 31 2Going to War45 3Analyzing Attacks58 4Positioning69 5Momentum 81 6Weakness and Strength93 7Armed Conflict109 8Adaptability 123 9Armed March133 10Field Position153 11Types of Terrain171 12Attacking With Fire197 13Using Spies209 Glossary of Key Chinese Characters220 Index of Major Topics224 About the Translator and Author226 Art of War Books by Gary Gagliardi.227

THE ART OF WAR (Giles Translation)

Download THE ART OF WAR (Giles Translation) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : e-artnow
ISBN 13 : 8027231388
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis THE ART OF WAR (Giles Translation) by : Sun Tzu

Download or read book THE ART OF WAR (Giles Translation) written by Sun Tzu and published by e-artnow. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Art of War" is an ancient Chinese military treatise that is attributed to Sun Tzu (also referred to as "Sunzi" and "Sun Wu"), a high ranking military general, strategist and tactist. The Art of War has also been applied to business and managerial strategies. Composed of 13 chapters, each of which is devoted to one aspect of warfare. It is said to be the definitive work on military strategies and tactics of its time, and is still read for its military insight which can be applied to business and managerial strategies as well. Sun Tzu was a Chinese general, military strategist, and philosopher who lived in the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China. Sun Tzu is traditionally credited as the author of The Art of War, a widely influential work of military strategy that has affected both Western and Eastern philosophy. Aside from his legacy as the author of The Art of War, Sun Tzu is revered in Chinese and the Culture of Asia as a legendary historical figure. His birth name was Sun Wu, and he was known outside of his family by his courtesy name Changqing. The name Sun Tzu by which he is best known in the West is an honorific which means "Master Sun".

Sun Tzǔ on the Art of War

Download Sun Tzǔ on the Art of War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sun Tzǔ on the Art of War by : Sunzi

Download or read book Sun Tzǔ on the Art of War written by Sunzi and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Art of War (The Classic Lionel Giles Translation)

Download The Art of War (The Classic Lionel Giles Translation) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : e-artnow
ISBN 13 : 8074844781
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (748 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Art of War (The Classic Lionel Giles Translation) by : Sun Tzu

Download or read book The Art of War (The Classic Lionel Giles Translation) written by Sun Tzu and published by e-artnow. This book was released on 2013-07-10 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This carefully crafted ebook: "The Art of War (The Classic Lionel Giles Translation)" is formatted for your eReader with a functional table of contents. The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise that is attributed to Sun Tzu (also referred to as "Sunzi" and "Sun Wu"), a high ranking military general, strategist and tactist. The Art of War has also been applied to business and managerial strategies. Composed of 13 chapters, each of which is devoted to one aspect of warfare. It is said to be the definitive work on military strategies and tactics of its time, and is still read for its military insight which can be applied to business and managerial strategies as well.

THE ART OF WAR (Giles Translation)

Download THE ART OF WAR (Giles Translation) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Good Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (596 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis THE ART OF WAR (Giles Translation) by : Sun Tzu

Download or read book THE ART OF WAR (Giles Translation) written by Sun Tzu and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sun Tzu's 'The Art of War' translated by Lionel Giles is a timeless military treatise that delves deep into the strategies and tactics of warfare. Written in the 5th century BC, the book is divided into 13 chapters, each focusing on different aspects of warfare such as laying plans, attacking with fire, and using spies. Sun Tzu's writing style is concise and to the point, delivering profound wisdom and strategic advice in a straightforward manner. His emphasis on the importance of understanding the enemy and adapting tactics accordingly makes this book a must-read for military history enthusiasts and strategists alike. The 'Art of War' serves as a foundational text for understanding the fundamentals of warfare, influencing military leaders and thinkers throughout history. Sun Tzu's timeless wisdom continues to be applicable in modern contexts, making this book a valuable resource for anyone interested in strategy and conflict.

The Art of War

Download The Art of War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781549660702
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (67 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Art of War by : Sun Tzu

Download or read book The Art of War written by Sun Tzu and published by . This book was released on 2017-09-03 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the Spring and Autumn period in 5th century BC. The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu ("Master Sun", also spelled Sunzi), is composed of 13 chapters. Each one is devoted to a distinct aspect of warfare and how that applies to military strategy and tactics. For almost 1,500 years it was the lead text in an anthology that would be formalised as the Seven Military Classics by Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1080. The Art of War remains the most influential strategy text in East Asia. It has also had an influence on Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, legal strategy and beyond.The book was first translated and published into French in 1772 (re-published in 1782) by the Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot and a partial translation into English was attempted by British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop in 1905. The first annotated English translation was completed and published by Lionel Giles in 1910. Numerous military and political leaders such as Mao Zedong, V� Nguy�n Gi�p, and Norman Schwarzkopf have drawn inspiration from the work.This English version is translated by Lionel Giles.Who was Sun Tzu?Sun Tzu was a Chinese general, military strategist, and philosopher who lived in the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China. Sun Tzu is traditionally credited as the author of The Art of War, a widely influential work of military strategy that has affected both Western and Eastern philosophy. Aside from his legacy as the author of The Art of War, Sun Tzu is revered in Chinese and the Culture of Asia as a legendary historical figure. His birth name was Sun Wu, and he was known outside of his family by his courtesy name Changqing. The name Sun Tzu by which he is best known in the West is an honorific which means "Master Sun".

The Art of War

Download The Art of War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (376 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Art of War by : Wu Sun

Download or read book The Art of War written by Wu Sun and published by . This book was released on 2020-04-16 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the world's first complete English translation of "The Art of War" and the most accurate English translation in the world.At present, the best-selling translation of Sun Tzu's art of war on Amazon is actually less than half accurate. This book, translated by Lionel Giles, is full of mistakes and some sentences are omitted because the translator doesn't understand it. At present, none of the popular translations can accurately convey Sun Tzu's thoughts. Much of what the readers see is not actually Sun Tzu really meant, but rather the words the translator imagined. If readers want to see Sun Tzu's art of war, which is closest to his original meaning, my translation is the only choice.If you are interested in Lionel Giles's wrong translation, please refer to: https: //ethanyet.blogspot.com/2020/04/those-words-that-sun-tzu-never-said.htm

Sun Tzu's the Art of War

Download Sun Tzu's the Art of War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 0557194725
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (571 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sun Tzu's the Art of War by : Philip Martin McCaulay

Download or read book Sun Tzu's the Art of War written by Philip Martin McCaulay and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2009-11 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is an easy-to-read summary of Sun Tzu’s The Art of War, a masterpiece on strategy and often referenced by generals and theorists throughout history. The book is not only popular among military theorists, but it has also become increasingly popular among political leaders and those in business management. Despite its title, The Art of War addresses strategy in a broad fashion, touching upon public administration and planning. The text outlines theories of battle but also advocates diplomacy and cultivating relationships with other nations as essential to the health of a state. “In peace prepare for war, in war prepare for peace.†This publication includes a summary of Sun Tzu’s life; chapter summaries of The Art of War; quotations; military applications; applications outside the military; and Sun Tzu’s legacy.

The Art of War

Download The Art of War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781536991666
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (916 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Art of War by : Sun Tzu

Download or read book The Art of War written by Sun Tzu and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lionel Giles's 1910 edition is the most scholarly and presents the reader an incredible amount of information concerning Sun Tzu's text, much more than any other translation. The Giles' edition of the ART OF WAR was a scholarly work. Dr. Giles was a leading sinologue at the time and an assistant in the Department of Oriental Printed Books and Manuscripts in the British Museum. Apparently he wanted to produce a definitive edition, superior to anything else that existed and perhaps something that would become a standard translation. It was the best translation available for 50 years. But apparently there was not much interest in Sun Tzu in English speaking countries since it took the start of the Second World War to renew interest in his work. Several people published unsatisfactory English translations of Sun Tzu. In 1944, Dr. Giles' translation was edited and published in the United States in a series of military science books. But it wasn't until 1963 that a good English translation (by Samuel B. Griffith) was published that was an equal to Giles' translation. While this translation is more lucid than Dr. Giles' translation, it lacks his copious notes that make his so interesting. Dr. Giles produced a work primarily intended for scholars of the Chinese civilization and language.

Understanding Sun Tzu on the Art of War

Download Understanding Sun Tzu on the Art of War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Center for Advantage
ISBN 13 : 9780972291408
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (914 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding Sun Tzu on the Art of War by : Robert L. Cantrell

Download or read book Understanding Sun Tzu on the Art of War written by Robert L. Cantrell and published by Center for Advantage. This book was released on 2004-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author clarifies the Sun Tzu text without compromising the subtlety of thought needed to master it. He taps into Sun Tzu's own source material and examines contemporary battle fields within context of his philosophies to help you profit from his wisdom.

Sun Tzu on the Art of War Translated by Lionel Giles

Download Sun Tzu on the Art of War Translated by Lionel Giles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (47 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sun Tzu on the Art of War Translated by Lionel Giles by : Sun Tzu

Download or read book Sun Tzu on the Art of War Translated by Lionel Giles written by Sun Tzu and published by . This book was released on 2020-05-19 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(FREE DOWNLOAD)Get your copy of "Maria Or The Wrongs Of Woman" when you sign up to the author's VIP mailing list. GET STARTED IN THIS LINK : https://www.bookscrate.ml/Maria-Or-The-Wrongs-Of-Woman----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CHUAN, adding that there were two other CHUAN besides. This has brought forth a theory, that the bulk of these 82 chapters consisted of other writings of Sun Tzu -- we should call them apocryphal -- similar to the WEN TA, of which a specimen dealing with the Nine Situations [15] is preserved in the T`UNG TIEN, and another in Ho Shin's commentary. It is suggested that before his interview with Ho Lu, Sun Tzu had only written the 13 chapters, but afterwards composed a sort of exegesis in the form of question and answer between himself and the King. Pi I-hsun, the author of the SUN TZU HSU LU, backs this up with a quotation from the WU YUEH CH`UN CH`IU: "The King of Wu summoned Sun Tzu, and asked him questions about the art of war. Each time he set forth a chapter of his work, the King could not find words enough to praise him." As he points out, if the whole work was expounded on the same scale as in the above- mentioned fragments, the total number of chapters could not fail to be considerable. Then the numero..

Sun Tzu On The Art Of War Translated By Lionel Giles

Download Sun Tzu On The Art Of War Translated By Lionel Giles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (739 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sun Tzu On The Art Of War Translated By Lionel Giles by : Sun Tzu

Download or read book Sun Tzu On The Art Of War Translated By Lionel Giles written by Sun Tzu and published by . This book was released on 2020-08-09 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Art of War is a Chinese military treatise that was written during the 6th century BC by Sun Tzu. Composed of 13 chapters, each of which is devoted to one aspect of warfare, it has long been praised as the definitive work on military strategies and tactics of its time.The Art of War is one of the oldest books on military strategy in the world. It is the first and one of the most successful works on strategy and has had a huge influence on Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, and beyond. Sun Tzu was the first to recognize the importance of positioning in strategy and that position is affected both by objective conditions in the physical environment and the subjective opinions of competitive actors in that environment. He taught that strategy was not planning in the sense of working through a to-do list, but rather that it requires quick and appropriate responses to changing conditions. Planning works in a controlled environment, but in a competitive environment.

The Art of War Visualized

Download The Art of War Visualized PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Workman Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 0761184147
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (611 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Art of War Visualized by : Jessica Hagy

Download or read book The Art of War Visualized written by Jessica Hagy and published by Workman Publishing Company. This book was released on 2015-03-10 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It’s the perfect meeting of minds. One, a general whose epigrammatic lessons on strategy offer timeless insight and wisdom. And the other, a visual thinker whose succinct diagrams and charts give readers a fresh way of looking at life’s challenges and opportunities. A Bronze Age/Information Age marriage of Sun Tzu and Jessica Hagy, The Art of War Visualized is an inspired mash-up, a work that completely reenergizes the perennial bestseller and makes it accessible to a new generation of students, entrepreneurs, business leaders, artists, seekers, lovers of games and game theory, and anyone else who knows the value of seeking guidance for the future in the teachings of the past. It’s as if Sun Tzu got a 21st-century do-over. Author and illustrator of How to Be Interesting, Jessica Hagy is a cutting-edge thinker whose language—comprising circles, arrows, and lines and the well-chosen word or two—makes her an ideal philosopher for our ever-more-visual culture. Her charts and diagrams are deceptively simple, often funny, and always thought-provoking. She knows how to communicate not only ideas but the complex process of thinking itself, complete with its twists and surprises. For The Art of War Visualized, she presents her vision in evocative ink-brush art and bold typography. The result is page after page in which each passage of the complete canonical text (in its best-known Lionel Giles translation) is visually interpreted in a singular diagram, chart, or other illustration—transforming, reenergizing, and making the classic dazzlingly accessible for a new generation of readers.

The Art of War (Including Commentaries with Original Unabridged Giles Translation)

Download The Art of War (Including Commentaries with Original Unabridged Giles Translation) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Value Classic Reprints
ISBN 13 : 9781640320109
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (21 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Art of War (Including Commentaries with Original Unabridged Giles Translation) by : Sun Tzu

Download or read book The Art of War (Including Commentaries with Original Unabridged Giles Translation) written by Sun Tzu and published by Value Classic Reprints. This book was released on 2017-02-21 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This THE ART OF WAR includes commentaries, references, footnotes and the Original Unabridged translation by Lionel Giles of the British Museum. It includes all 13 Chapters with historical notes for the reader to review and contemplate Sun Tzu's teachings as it applies to their life. THE ART OF WAR is game theory from the year 514 B.C. It is divided into 13 chapters covering all the steps of battle, be it in the office or across continents. Topics include, -Five Essentials for Victory, - -Tactical Dispositions, - -Maneuvering, - and many more. No student of influence should be without this historic philosophy book on leadership. This Value Classic Reprint provides a slim volume with full text at an affordable price. The Table of Contents is as follows: CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 Sun Wu and His Book 3 The Text of Sun Tzu 13 The Commentators 15 Appreciations of Sun Tzu 18 Apologies for War 19 I. LAYING PLANS 23 II. WAGING WAR 26 III. ATTACK BY STRATAGEM 29 IV. TACTICAL DISPOSITIONS 33 V. ENERGY 36 VI. WEAK POINTS AND STRONG 41 VII. MANEUVERING 46 VIII. VARIATION IN TACTICS 53 IX. THE ARMY ON THE MARCH 57 X. TERRAIN 66 XI. THE NINE SITUATIONS 72 XII. THE ATTACK BY FIRE 90 XIII. THE USE OF SPIES 94