The Archaeology of Seafaring in Ancient South Asia

Download The Archaeology of Seafaring in Ancient South Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521011099
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Archaeology of Seafaring in Ancient South Asia by : Himanshu Prabha Ray

Download or read book The Archaeology of Seafaring in Ancient South Asia written by Himanshu Prabha Ray and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-08-14 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to European expansion, communities of the Indian subcontinent had a strong maritime orientation. In this new archaeological study, Himanshu Prabha Ray explores seafaring activity, religious travel and political economy in this ancient period. By using archaeological data from the Red Sea to the Indonesian archipelago, she reveals how the early history of peninsular South Asia is interconnected with that of its Asian and Mediterranean partners in the Indian Ocean Region. The book departs from traditional studies, focusing on the communities maritime history rather than agrarian expansion and the emergence of the state. Rather than being a prime mover in social, economic and religious change, the state is viewed as just one participant in a complex interplay of social actors, including merchants, guilds, boat-builders, sailors, pilgrims, religious clergy and craft-producers. A study that will be welcomed by students of Archaeology and Ancient History, particularly those interested in South Asian Studies.

The Archaeology of Knowledge Traditions of the Indian Ocean World

Download The Archaeology of Knowledge Traditions of the Indian Ocean World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000220737
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Archaeology of Knowledge Traditions of the Indian Ocean World by : Himanshu Prabha Ray

Download or read book The Archaeology of Knowledge Traditions of the Indian Ocean World written by Himanshu Prabha Ray and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines knowledge traditions that held together the fluid and overlapping maritime worlds of the Indian Ocean in the premodern period, as evident in the material and archaeological record. It breaks new ground by shifting the focus from studying cross-pollination of ideas from textual sources to identifying this exchange of ideas in archaeological and historical documentation. The themes covered in the book include conceptualization of the seas and maritime landscapes in Sanskrit, Arabic and Chinese narratives; materiality of knowledge production as indicated in the archaeological record of communities where writing on stone first appears; and anchoring the coasts, not only through an understanding of littoral shrines and ritual landscapes, but also by an analysis of religious imagery on coins, more so at the time of the introduction of new religions such as Islam in the Indian Ocean around the eighth century. This volume will be of great interest to researchers and scholars of archaeology, anthropology, museum and heritage studies, Indian Ocean studies, maritime studies, South and Southeast Asian studies, religious studies and cultural studies.

Archaeology of Seafaring

Download Archaeology of Seafaring PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Archaeology of Seafaring by : Himanshu Prabha Ray

Download or read book Archaeology of Seafaring written by Himanshu Prabha Ray and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Volume Brings Together The Results Of Ongoingresearch On Different Aspects Of The Archaeology Of The Indian Ocean: Archaeo-Botany; Ethno-Archaeology; Maritime Ethnography And Numismatics. These Issues Have Been Discussed Withinthe Wider Context Of Movements Across The Indian Ocean Of Fishing And Sailing Communities, And Of Travellers And Traders. A Range Of Textual Sources, Including Those In Greek And Arabic Have Been Analysed, And Are Accompanied By Representations In Cartography, The Objective Being To Initiate-Interest In A Manner Holistic To Early Seafaring Activity. The Contributors Form Part Of A Larger Indian Ocean Community Of Scholars, Actively Involved In Study And Research In Different Parts Of The Region. Many Of Them Have Participated In The Two International Conferrences Held In 1994 In New Delhi And In 1996 In Lyon.

Coastal Shrines and Transnational Maritime Networks across India and Southeast Asia

Download Coastal Shrines and Transnational Maritime Networks across India and Southeast Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000166511
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Coastal Shrines and Transnational Maritime Networks across India and Southeast Asia by : Himanshu Prabha Ray

Download or read book Coastal Shrines and Transnational Maritime Networks across India and Southeast Asia written by Himanshu Prabha Ray and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2020-07-26 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book breaks new ground by examining trans-oceanic connectivity through the perspective of coastal shrines and maritime cultural landscapes across the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea. It covers a period of expanding networks and cross-cultural encounters from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE. The book examines the distinctiveness of these shrines, and highlights their interconnections, and their role in social integration in South and Southeast Asia. By drawing on data from shipwreck sites, the author elaborates on the material and religious intersections and transmissions between cultures across the seas. Many of these coastal shrines survived into the colonial period when they came to be admired for their aesthetic value as ‘monuments’. As nation states of the region became independent, these shrines were often inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List on account of their Outstanding Universal Values. The book argues that in the 21st century there is a need to promote the cultural connectivity of the past as transnational heritage on UNESCO’s global platform to preserve and protect our shared heritage. The volume will be essential reading for academics and researchers of archaeology, anthropology, museum and heritage studies, history of South and Southeast Asia, religious studies, cultural studies, and Asian studies.

Archaeology and Buddhism in South Asia

Download Archaeology and Buddhism in South Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1351394320
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Archaeology and Buddhism in South Asia by : Himanshu Prabha Ray

Download or read book Archaeology and Buddhism in South Asia written by Himanshu Prabha Ray and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-08-31 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the archaeological trajectory of the expansion of Buddhism and its regional variations in South Asia. Focusing on the multireligious context of the subcontinent in the first millennium BCE, the volume breaks from conventional studies that pose Buddhism as a counter to the Vedic tradition to understanding the religion more integrally in terms of dhamma (teachings of the Buddha), dāna (practice of cultivating generosity) and the engagement with the written word. The work underlines that relic and image worship were important features in the spread of Buddhism in the region and were instrumental in bringing the monastics and the laity together. Further, the author examines the significance of the histories of monastic complexes (viharas, stupas, caityas) and also religious travel and pilgrimage that provided connections across the subcontinent and the seas. An interdisciplinary study, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars in South Asian studies, religion, especially Buddhist studies, history and archaeology.

Buddhism and Gandhara

Download Buddhism and Gandhara PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1351252747
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Buddhism and Gandhara by : Himanshu Prabha Ray

Download or read book Buddhism and Gandhara written by Himanshu Prabha Ray and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gandhara is a name central to Buddhist heritage and iconography. It is the ancient name of a region in present-day Pakistan, bounded on the west by the Hindu Kush mountain range and to the north by the foothills of the Himalayas. ‘Gandhara’ is also the term given to this region’s sculptural and architectural features between the first and sixth centuries CE. This book re-examines the archaeological material excavated in the region in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and traces the link between archaeological work, histories of museum collections and related interpretations by art historians. The essays in the volume underscore the diverse cultural traditions of Gandhara – from a variety of sources and perspectives on language, ethnicity and material culture (including classical accounts, Chinese writings, coins and Sanskrit epics) – as well as interrogate the grand narrative of Hellenism of which Gandhara has been a part. The book explores the making of collections of what came to be described as Gandhara art and reviews the Buddhist artistic tradition through notions of mobility and dynamic networks of transmission. Wide ranging and rigorous, this volume will appeal to scholars and researchers of early South Asian history, archaeology, religion (especially Buddhist studies), art history and museums.

Decolonising Heritage in South Asia

Download Decolonising Heritage in South Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge Chapman & Hall
ISBN 13 : 9780367733513
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (335 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Decolonising Heritage in South Asia by : Taylor & Francis Group

Download or read book Decolonising Heritage in South Asia written by Taylor & Francis Group and published by Routledge Chapman & Hall. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume cross-examines the stability of heritage as a concept. It interrogates the past which materialises through multi-layered narratives on monuments and other objects that sustain cultural diversity. It seeks to understand how interpretations of "monuments" as "texts" are affected at the local level of experience, even as institutions such as UNESCO work to globalise and fix constructs of stable and universal heritage. Shifting away from a largely Eurocentric concept associated with architecture and monumental archaeology, this book reassesses how local and regional heritage needs to be balanced with the global and transnational. It argues that material objects and monuments are not static embodiments of culture but are, rather, a medium through which identity, power and society are produced and reproduced. This is especially relevant in South and Southeast Asian contexts, where debates over heritage often have local, regional and national political implications and consequences. Reevaluating how traditional valuation of monuments and cultural landscapes could help aid sustainability and long-term preservation of the heritage, this book will be useful for scholars and researchers of South and Southeast Asian history, heritage studies, archaeology, cultural studies, tourism studies and political history as well.

The Winds of Change

Download The Winds of Change PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Winds of Change by : Himanshu Prabha Ray

Download or read book The Winds of Change written by Himanshu Prabha Ray and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On maritime trade and seafaring in the early historical period with reference to support provided by Buddhist monastic establishments during that period.

The Archaeology of South Asia

Download The Archaeology of South Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521846978
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Archaeology of South Asia by : Robin Coningham

Download or read book The Archaeology of South Asia written by Robin Coningham and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-08-31 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book synthesises the archaeology of South Asia from the Neolithic period (c.6500 BCE) to the third century BCE.

Negotiating Cultural Identity

Download Negotiating Cultural Identity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000227936
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Negotiating Cultural Identity by : Himanshu Prabha Ray

Download or read book Negotiating Cultural Identity written by Himanshu Prabha Ray and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume breaks new ground by conceptualizing physical landscapes as living cultural bodies. It redefines dynamic cultural landscapes as catalysts in which the natural world and human practice are inextricably linked and are constantly interacting. Drawing on research by eminent archaeologists, numismatists and historians, the essays in this volume • Provide insights into the ways people in the past, and in the present, imbue places with meanings; • Examine the social and cultural construction of space in the early medieval period in South Asia; • Trace complex patterns of historical development of a temple or a town, to understand ways in which such spaces often become a means of constructing the collective past and social traditions. With a new chapter on continuity and change in the sacred landscape of the Buddhist site at Udayagiri, the second edition of Negotiating Cultural Identity will be of immense interest to scholars and researchers of archaeology, social history, cultural studies, art history and anthropology.

Prehistoric Maritime Cultures and Seafaring in East Asia

Download Prehistoric Maritime Cultures and Seafaring in East Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813292563
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Prehistoric Maritime Cultures and Seafaring in East Asia by : Chunming Wu

Download or read book Prehistoric Maritime Cultures and Seafaring in East Asia written by Chunming Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on prehistoric East Asian maritime cultures that pre-dated the Maritime Silk Road, the "Four Seas" and "Four Oceans" navigation system recorded in historical documents of ancient China. Origins of the Maritime Silk Road can be traced to prosperous Neolithic and Metal Age maritime-oriented cultures dispersed along the coastlines of prehistoric China and Southeast Asia. The topics explored here include Neolithisation and the development of prehistoric maritime cultures during the Neolithic and early Metal Age; the expansion and interaction of these cultures along coastlines and across straits; the "two-layer" hypothesis for explaining genetic and cultural diversity in south China and Southeast Asia; prehistoric seafaring and early sea routes; the paleogeography and vegetation history of coastal regions; Neolithic maritime livelihoods based on hunting/fishing/foraging adaptations; rice and millet cultivation and their dispersal along the coast and across the open sea; and interaction between farmers and maritime-oriented hunter/fisher/foragers. In addition, a series of case studies enhances understanding of the development of prehistoric navigation and the origin of the Maritime Silk Road in the Asia-Pacific region.

The Prehistoric Maritime Frontier of Southeast China

Download The Prehistoric Maritime Frontier of Southeast China PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811640793
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Prehistoric Maritime Frontier of Southeast China by : Chunming Wu

Download or read book The Prehistoric Maritime Frontier of Southeast China written by Chunming Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-05 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book presents multidisciplinary research on the cultural history, ethnic connectivity, and oceanic transportation of the ancient Indigenous Bai Yue (百越) in the prehistoric maritime region of southeast China and southeast Asia. In this maritime Frontier of China, historical documents demonstrate the development of the “barbarian” Bai Yue and Island Yi (岛夷) and their cultural interaction with the northern Huaxia (华夏) in early Chinese civilization within the geopolitical order of the “Central State-Four Peripheries Barbarians-Four Seas”. Archaeological typologies of the prehistoric remains reveal a unique cultural tradition dominantly originating from the local Paleolithic age and continuing to early Neolithization across this border region. Further analysis of material culture from the Neolithic to the Early Iron Age proves the stability and resilience of the indigenous cultures even with the migratory expansion of Huaxia and Han (汉) from north to south. Ethnographical investigations of aboriginal heritage highlight their native cultural context, seafaring technology and navigation techniques, and their interaction with Austronesian and other foreign maritime ethnicities. In a word, this manuscript presents a new perspective on the unique cultural landscape of indigenous ethnicities in southeast China with thousands of years’ stable tradition, a remarkable maritime orientation and overseas cultural hybridization in the coastal region of southeast China.

Boats of South Asia

Download Boats of South Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134431317
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Boats of South Asia by : Sean Mcgrail

Download or read book Boats of South Asia written by Sean Mcgrail and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-08-29 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important book for anyone interested in boats or the South Asian way of life, this text covers a vast array of traditional boats used in the sub-continent today for fishing and other coastal or riverine tasks.

Decolonising Heritage in South Asia

Download Decolonising Heritage in South Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 0429802854
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Decolonising Heritage in South Asia by : Himanshu Prabha Ray

Download or read book Decolonising Heritage in South Asia written by Himanshu Prabha Ray and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume cross-examines the stability of heritage as a concept. It interrogates the past which materialises through multi-layered narratives on monuments and other objects that sustain cultural diversity. It seeks to understand how interpretations of “monuments” as “texts” are affected at the local level of experience, even as institutions such as UNESCO work to globalise and fix constructs of stable and universal heritage. Shifting away from a largely Eurocentric concept associated with architecture and monumental archaeology, this book reassesses how local and regional heritage needs to be balanced with the global and transnational. It argues that material objects and monuments are not static embodiments of culture but are, rather, a medium through which identity, power and society are produced and reproduced. This is especially relevant in South and Southeast Asian contexts, where debates over heritage often have local, regional and national political implications and consequences. Reevaluating how traditional valuation of monuments and cultural landscapes could help aid sustainability and long-term preservation of the heritage, this book will be useful for scholars and researchers of South and Southeast Asian history, heritage studies, archaeology, cultural studies, tourism studies and political history as well.

Our Blue Planet: An Introduction to Maritime and Underwater Archaeology

Download Our Blue Planet: An Introduction to Maritime and Underwater Archaeology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019064995X
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Our Blue Planet: An Introduction to Maritime and Underwater Archaeology by : Ben Ford

Download or read book Our Blue Planet: An Introduction to Maritime and Underwater Archaeology written by Ben Ford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-07 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our Blue Planet provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of maritime and underwater archaeology. Situating the field within the broader study of history and archaeology, this book advocates that an understanding of how our ancestors interacted with rivers, lakes, and oceans is integral to comprehending the human past. Our Blue Planet covers the full breadth of maritime and underwater archaeology, including formerly terrestrial sites drowned by rising sea levels, coastal sites, and a wide variety of wreck sites ranging across the globe and spanning from antiquity to World War II. Beginning with a definition of the field and several chapters dedicated to the methods of finding, recording, and interpreting submerged sites, Our Blue Planet provides an entry point for all readers, whether or not they are familiar with maritime and underwater archaeology or archaeology in general. The book then shifts to a thematic approach with chapters exploring human interactions with the watery world, both along the coasts and by ship. These chapters discuss the relationships between culture, technology, and environment that allowed humans through time to spread across the globe. Because ships were the primary means for humans to interact with large bodies of water, they are the focus of several chapters on the development of shipbuilding technology, the lives of sailors, and the uses of ships in exploration, expansion, and warfare. The book ends with chapters on how and why the non-renewable submerged archaeological record should be managed, so that both current and future generations can learn from the achievements and failures of past societies, as well as on how anyone can become involved in maritime and underwater archaeology. Throughout, the reader benefits from the personal reflections of a number of leading figures in the field.

Maritime Archaeology

Download Maritime Archaeology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Kaveri Books
ISBN 13 : 9788174790385
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Maritime Archaeology by : Sila Tripati

Download or read book Maritime Archaeology written by Sila Tripati and published by Kaveri Books. This book was released on 2000 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Maritime Activities Of Kalinga Are Well Known. The People Of Kalinga Were Great Seafares And Their Expertise In The Technology Of Ship-Building And Navigation Is Indeed Astonishing. The Book Gives A Comprehensive Account Of The Rich Maritime Tradition Of Kalinga. Besides Describing Its Geographical Location Of Port Towns It Deals With Their Political And Cultural Contacts With Other Overseas Countries, Trade And Communication Patterns, Economic And Currency Trends For The Last Few Centuries. The Book Also Unearthed Some Unknown Ports And Trade Centers Of Kalinga. It Also Focuses On How The Natural Factors Are Responsible For The Decline Of Certain Ports And Trade Centers And At The Same Time Emphasises On The Emergence Of New Ports And Trade Centers. There Was No Decline Of Trade. It Is Held That Trade Was Basically And Exclusively A Private Enterprise Organised By The Merchants And Merchantile Guilds Throughout The Period And Hence Fluctuating Political Fortunes Of The Ruling Families Of Kalinga Did Not Necessarily Affect In The Progress And Retardation Of The Maritime Activities Of Its People. Although Inheritors Of Ancient Seafares Changed Their Profession Over The Time Due To Declines In Trade Contacts Yet The Traditions Are Being Maintained In The Region In Form Of Cultural Festivals. Contents Chapter 1: Historical Background And Sources; Section I: Historical Bakground, Section Ii: Sources-Literary, Inscriptional And Numismatics, Archaeological Evidences, Art, Section Iii: Approach Chapter 2: Ports Of Kalinga And Expansion Of Culture; Tamralipti, Hatthasis, Khalkatapatna, Che-Li-Ta-Lo, Manikapatna, Ports Around Chilka Lake, Palur, Kalingapatnam, Dantapura, Salihundam, Thotlakonda And Bavikonda, Gopalapatnam, Pithunda; Expansion Of Culture - Africa And Arabia, Bali, Borneo, Burma, Ceylon, Champa, China, Funan, Java, Rome, Siam, Sumatra Chapter 3: Trade Routes And Commerce; Land Routes; Water Routs; River Routs; Sea Routes; Internal Trade; Foreign Trade; Currency Chapter 4: Ship-Building And Navigation; Indian Background - Seasons For Ship-Building, Construction Of Ships, Classification Of Ships, Mast And Sail, Rudder, Parts Of The Ship, Description Of Sewn Boat; Ship-Building And Navigation In Kalinga - Boat-Building Techniques, Use Of Timber For Construction Of Boats, Traditional Boats - Bhela, Pota (Dug-Out), Nauka, Padhua And Kosaladanga, Chapa; Navigation - Coastal Navigation, Open Sea Navigation, Ancient Knowledge Of Currents, Present Climatological Current Pattern, Ancient Knowledge Of Wind, Present Climatological Wind Pattern, Sailing Seasons Chapter 5: Causes Of Decline.

Archaeology of Asia

Download Archaeology of Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405153032
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Archaeology of Asia by : Miriam T. Stark

Download or read book Archaeology of Asia written by Miriam T. Stark and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introduction to the archaeology of Asia focuses on casestudies from the region’s last 10,000 years of history. Comprises fifteen chapters by some of the world’sforemost Asia archaeologists Sheds light on the most compelling aspects of Asianarchaeology, from the earliest evidence of plant domestication tothe emergence of states and empires Explores issues of cross-cultural significance, such asmigration, urbanism, and technology Presents original research data that challenges readers tothink beyond national and regional boundaries Synthesizes work previously unavailable to western readers