Butrint 4

Download Butrint 4 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxbow Books
ISBN 13 : 1842174622
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Butrint 4 by : Inge Lyse Hansen

Download or read book Butrint 4 written by Inge Lyse Hansen and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2013-01-08 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This richly illustrated volume discusses the histories of the port city of Butrint, and its intimate connection to the wider conditions of the Adriatic. In so doing it is a reading, and re-reading, of the site that adds significantly to the study of Mediterranean urban history over the longue durée . Firstly, the book proposes a new paradigm for the development-history of Butrint - based on discussions of the latest archaeological, historical and landscape studies from approximately 20 new excavations and surveys, together covering a temporal arch from prehistory to the early modern period. Secondly, it examines how the perception of the city influenced the archaeological methodology of 20th-century studies of the site, where iteration and reversal were often being applied in equal measure. In this it asks important questions on the management of heritage sites and the contemporary role of archaeological practise. Inge Lyse Hansen is Adjunct Professor of Art History at John Cabot University and specialises in the visual and material culture of the Roman world. She has published on portraiture, funerary art and the use of role models and patronage and has edited several archaeological volumes. Richard Hodges is Scientific Director of the Butrint Foundation, a leading medieval archaeologist and the author of more than 20 books. Sarah Leppard has led or participated in more than 15 excavations in eight countries and has managed major excavations at Butrint.

Ancient Rome

Download Ancient Rome PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxbow Books
ISBN 13 : 1782975020
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (829 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ancient Rome by : J. C. Coulston

Download or read book Ancient Rome written by J. C. Coulston and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2000-12-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major new book on the archaeology of Rome. The chapters, by an impressive list of contributors, are written to be as up-to-date and useful as possible, detailing lots of new research. There are new maps for the topography and monuments of Rome, a huge research bibliography containing 1,700 titles and the volume is richly illustrated. Essential for all Roman scholars and students. Contents: Preface: a bird's eye view ( Peter Wiseman ); Introduction ( Jon Coulston and Hazel Dodge ); Early and Archaic Rome ( Christopher Smith ); The city of Rome in the Middle Republic ( Tim Cornell ); The moral museum: Augustus and the image of Rome ( Susan Walker ); Armed and belted men: the soldiery in Imperial Rome ( Jon Coulston ); The construction industry in Imperial Rome ( Janet Delaine and G Aldrete ); The feeding of Imperial Rome: the mechanics of the food supply system ( David Mattingly ); `Greater than the pyramids': the water supply of ancient Rome ( Hazel Dodge ); Entertaining Rome ( Kathleen Coleman ); Living and dying in the city of Rome: houses and tombs ( John Patterson ); Religions of Rome ( Simon Price ); Rome in the Late Empire ( Neil Christie ); Archaeology and innovation ( Hugh Petter ); Appendix: Sources for the study of ancient Rome ( Jon Coulston and Hazel Dodge ).

The Archaeology of Rome, Vol. 4

Download The Archaeology of Rome, Vol. 4 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780331986402
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (864 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Archaeology of Rome, Vol. 4 by : John Henry Parker

Download or read book The Archaeology of Rome, Vol. 4 written by John Henry Parker and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-26 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Archaeology of Rome, Vol. 4: The Egyptian Obelisks Tms concise account of the Egyptian Obelisks in Rome is drawn up entirely from the inscriptions on them. Those of the Popes, record when each was placed in its present situation. Those of the Emperors, state on what occasion each was brought to Rome. The hieroglyphics give the original history of each in Egypt. Two of them only were made for the Romans, or are of their time; the others are much older, and belong to the history of Egypt, as will be seen in reading the account of them. These were brought to Rome as trophies of conquest only, and were erected in the most public places to commemorate the triumph of the Roman arms. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Art and Archaeology of Ancient Rome Vol 1

Download Art and Archaeology of Ancient Rome Vol 1 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781936168514
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (685 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Art and Archaeology of Ancient Rome Vol 1 by : David Soren

Download or read book Art and Archaeology of Ancient Rome Vol 1 written by David Soren and published by . This book was released on 2009-01-09 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classical archaeology was long equated to ancient art history. Today these fields find themselves at a major crossroads. The influence on them--from the discipline of anthropology--has increased substantially in the past 15 years, adding to the ways in which scholars can study the Roman past. The classical archaeologist of the 21st century is likely to be versed in Greek and Latin, computer technology, ancient history, great monuments, various hard sciences such as physics or even astronomy, GPS, GIS, surveying, mapping, digitizing, artistic rendering, numismatics, geo-science, astronomy, environmental studies, material culture analysis and/or a host of other disciplines and sub-disciplines.Universities are seeking specialists whose talents embrace not one but several different fields of research. It is not necessary for each scholar to know everything about each discipline being used within the fields of art history, classical archaeology and anthropology, but these days a basic knowledge of all relevant disciplines is becoming indispensable. This book will layout the basic information and steps necessary to take the beginning archaeologist's search for knowledge of the past and lead them to adventures of the future.

The Archaeology of Rome; Volume 1

Download The Archaeology of Rome; Volume 1 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Legare Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781019979198
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (791 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Archaeology of Rome; Volume 1 by : John Henry Parker

Download or read book The Archaeology of Rome; Volume 1 written by John Henry Parker and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 'The Archaeology of Rome, ' Parker provides a comprehensive overview of the ancient city's most important archaeological sites. From the Colosseum to the Forum, Parker's insights into the art and architecture of ancient Rome are both informative and engaging. This book is essential reading for anyone planning a trip to Rome or interested in the history of one of the world's greatest cities. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The Archaeology of Rome

Download The Archaeology of Rome PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Nabu Press
ISBN 13 : 9781295202362
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Archaeology of Rome by : John Henry Parker

Download or read book The Archaeology of Rome written by John Henry Parker and published by Nabu Press. This book was released on 2013-11 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ The Archaeology Of Rome: The Egyptian Obelisks, To Which Is Added A Supplement To The First Three Parts Which Form The First Vol; Volume 4 Of The Archaeology Of Rome; John Henry Parker John Henry Parker J. Parker, 1879 Architecture, Roman; Rome (Italy)

Art Book News Annual, volume 4: 2008Art Book News Annual, volume 4: 2008

Download Art Book News Annual, volume 4: 2008Art Book News Annual, volume 4: 2008 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Book News Inc.
ISBN 13 : 160585087X
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (58 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Art Book News Annual, volume 4: 2008Art Book News Annual, volume 4: 2008 by :

Download or read book Art Book News Annual, volume 4: 2008Art Book News Annual, volume 4: 2008 written by and published by Book News Inc.. This book was released on with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Art and Archaeology of Ancient Rome

Download Art and Archaeology of Ancient Rome PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781644301210
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (12 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Art and Archaeology of Ancient Rome by :

Download or read book Art and Archaeology of Ancient Rome written by and published by . This book was released on 2021-04 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classical archaeology was long equated to ancient art history. Today these fields find themselves at a major crossroads. The influence on them-from the discipline of anthropology-has increased substantially in the past 15 years, adding to the ways in which scholars can study the Roman past. The classical archaeologist of the 21st century is likely to be versed in Greek and Latin, computer technology, ancient history, great monuments, various hard sciences such as physics or even astronomy, GPS, GIS, surveying, mapping, digitizing, artistic rendering, numismatics, geo-science, astronomy, environmental studies, material culture analysis and/or a host of other disciplines and sub-disciplines.Universities are seeking specialists whose talents embrace not one but several different fields of research. It is not necessary for each scholar to know everything about each discipline being used within the fields of art history, classical archaeology and anthropology, but these days a basic knowledge of all relevant disciplines is becoming indispensable. This book will layout the basic information and steps necessary to take the beginning archaeologist's search for knowledge of the past and lead them to adventures of the future. here have been numerous textbooks about the art history and monuments of ancient Rome. With this new work, the authors have attempted to create something slightly different. Students of the subject will still be able to gain the essential basic knowledge of the most important works of art and architecture that have been the focus of university art history courses for more than a century and remain the essential starting point for gaining a window into Roman Antiquity. In addition to this, however, anthropology, classical studies, social history and computer graphics have been used throughout this text in order to help the beginning student understand the daily life of the ancient Romans. The authors have sought to emphasize not only the greatest works of ancient art but have also included utilitarian objects which were more typical of the Roman life experience. It is hoped that this holistic approach can afford an appreciation not only of that estimated one-sixth that formed the Roman elite but also the remaining five-sixths who formed the majority of the Roman people. New technologies are being developed each year allowing increased possibilities for understanding the past. These range from innovations in museology as exemplified by the ruin within a museum approach of Rome's Capitoline Museums to the virtualreality 3D walk-throughs that allow the general public to experience the past first-hand by passing through museums or even reconstructed ancient buildings and sites. If a picture is worth a thousand words, the 21st century is showing that there is a growing desire to offer detailed and intimate snapshots that allow the past to resonate and reveal itself in ways not thought possible a generation ago. In this textbook the authors present more than 400 images, including over 100 new plans and specially commissioned reconstructions.

Roman Archaeology for Historians

Download Roman Archaeology for Historians PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415505925
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (155 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Roman Archaeology for Historians by : Ray Laurence

Download or read book Roman Archaeology for Historians written by Ray Laurence and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roman Archaeology for Historians provides an accessible guide to the development of archaeology as a discipline and how the use of archaeological evidence of the Roman world can enrich the study of ancient history, whilst at the same time encouraging the integration of material evidence into the study of the period's history. This work is a key resource for students of ancient history, and for those studying the archaeology of the Roman period.

Roman Frontier Archaeology – in Britain and Beyond

Download Roman Frontier Archaeology – in Britain and Beyond PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1803273453
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Roman Frontier Archaeology – in Britain and Beyond by : Nick Hodgson

Download or read book Roman Frontier Archaeology – in Britain and Beyond written by Nick Hodgson and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2022-11-25 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions by leading archaeologists and historians pay tribute to Paul Bidwell, admired for his ground-breaking work both in the south-west and the military north of Roman Britain. This collection will be essential reading for anyone with an interest in either the civil or military aspects of Roman Britain, or the frontiers of the Roman empire.

The Archaeology of Rome, Vol. 4

Download The Archaeology of Rome, Vol. 4 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9781330115213
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (152 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Archaeology of Rome, Vol. 4 by : John Henry Parker

Download or read book The Archaeology of Rome, Vol. 4 written by John Henry Parker and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2015-06-16 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Archaeology of Rome, Vol. 4: The Egyptian Obelisks In this Second Edition English translations in full of the Egyptian Hieroglyphics on the more important of the Obelisks are added; the substance of these only was given in the first instance, as that was all that seemed necessary at the time. Now that so much more attention has been called to the subject, it seems expedient to add more details. The translations of those previously published have now been corrected by Dr. Birch, and a new translation of the hieroglyphic inscription on the one made in Egypt for the Emperor Hadrian has been also made by Dr. Birch expressly for this work. He has also at the last moment sent me an impression from an Egyptian Scarabæus, with a representation of an Obelisk upon it This is very small, but Professor Donaldson has kindly made an enlarged drawing of it, on the same plan as his excellent Architedura Numismatica from which our lithograph is taken. English translations of the chapters from Pliny in the first century, and from Ammianus Marcellinus in the fourth, are also added, so that all the authentic information on the subject that is extant is now given in this work. The collection of Obelisks in Rome is the finest now remaining anywhere, even in Egypt itself there is no place where twelve Obelisks are collected, and some of them are remarkably perfect, so that the hieroglyphics can be read by those who understand the language. Advertisement To The First Edition. This concise account of the Egyptian Obelisks in Rome is drawn up entirely from the inscriptions on them. Those of the Popes, record when each was placed in its present situation. Those of the Emperors, state on what occasion each was brought to Rome. The hieroglyphics give the original history of each in Egypt. Two of them only were made for the Romans, or are of their time; the others are much older, and belong to the history of Egypt, as will be seen in reading the account of them. These were brought to Rome as trophies of conquest only, and were erected in the most public places to commemorate the triumph of the Roman arms. The hieroglyphic inscriptions have been kindly translated for me by an eminent Egyptian scholar residing in Rome during the winter, who declines to have his name published; but I am permitted to state that the translation has been compared by Dr. Birch, of the British Museum, and Mr. Bonomi, of the Soane Museum, and they agree that it is done in an accurate and careful manner. Their names are a guarantee to the public that this portion of the work can be fully depended on. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The Archaeology of Death in Roman Syria

Download The Archaeology of Death in Roman Syria PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107131413
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Archaeology of Death in Roman Syria by : Lidewijde de Jong

Download or read book The Archaeology of Death in Roman Syria written by Lidewijde de Jong and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds new light on funerary customs in Roman Syria, offering a novel way of understanding its provincial culture.

The Temple of Peace in Rome

Download The Temple of Peace in Rome PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108548814
Total Pages : 1142 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Temple of Peace in Rome by : Pier Luigi Tucci

Download or read book The Temple of Peace in Rome written by Pier Luigi Tucci and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-16 with total page 1142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this magisterial two-volume book, Pier Luigi Tucci offers a comprehensive examination of one of the key complexes of Ancient Rome, the Temple of Peace. Based on archival research and an architectural survey, his research sheds new light on the medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque transformations of the basilica, and the later restorations of the complex. Volume 1 focuses on the foundation of the complex under Vespasian until its restoration under Septimius Severus and challenges the accepted views about the ancient building. Volume 2 begins with the remodelling of the library hall and the construction of the rotunda complex, and examines the dedication of the Christian Basilica of SS Cosmas and Damian. Of interest to scholars in a range of topics, The Temple of Peace in Rome crosses the boundaries between classics, archaeology, history of architecture, and art history, through Late Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the early modern period.

Art and Archaeology of Ancient Rome Vol 2

Download Art and Archaeology of Ancient Rome Vol 2 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781936168521
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (685 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Art and Archaeology of Ancient Rome Vol 2 by : David Soren

Download or read book Art and Archaeology of Ancient Rome Vol 2 written by David Soren and published by . This book was released on 2009-01-09 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classical archaeology was long equated to ancient art history. Today these fields find themselves at a major crossroads. The influence on them--from the discipline of anthropology--has increased substantially in the past 15 years, adding to the ways in which scholars can study the Roman past. The classical archaeologist of the 21st century is likely to be versed in Greek and Latin, computer technology, ancient history, great monuments, various hard sciences such as physics or even astronomy, GPS, GIS, surveying, mapping, digitizing, artistic rendering, numismatics, geo-science, astronomy, environmental studies, material culture analysis and/or a host of other disciplines and sub-disciplines.Universities are seeking specialists whose talents embrace not one but several different fields of research. It is not necessary for each scholar to know everything about each discipline being used within the fields of art history, classical archaeology and anthropology, but these days a basic knowledge of all relevant disciplines is becoming indispensable. This book will layout the basic information and steps necessary to take the beginning archaeologist's search for knowledge of the past and lead them to adventures of the future.

Artifact & Artifice

Download Artifact & Artifice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022608096X
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Artifact & Artifice by : Jonathan M. Hall

Download or read book Artifact & Artifice written by Jonathan M. Hall and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is it possible to trace the footprints of the historical Sokrates in Athens? Was there really an individual named Romulus, and if so, when did he found Rome? Is the tomb beneath the high altar of St. Peter’s Basilica home to the apostle Peter? To answer these questions, we need both dirt and words—that is, archaeology and history. Bringing the two fields into conversation, Artifact and Artifice offers an exciting excursion into the relationship between ancient history and archaeology and reveals the possibilities and limitations of using archaeological evidence in writing about the past. Jonathan M. Hall employs a series of well-known cases to investigate how historians may ignore or minimize material evidence that contributes to our knowledge of antiquity unless it correlates with information gleaned from texts. Dismantling the myth that archaeological evidence cannot impart information on its own, he illuminates the methodological and political principles at stake in using such evidence and describes how the disciplines of history and classical archaeology may be enlisted to work together. He also provides a brief sketch of how the discipline of classical archaeology evolved and considers its present and future role in historical approaches to antiquity. Written in clear prose and packed with maps, photos, and drawings, Artifact and Artifice will be an essential book for undergraduates in the humanities.

Pompeian Peristyle Gardens

Download Pompeian Peristyle Gardens PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000610071
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pompeian Peristyle Gardens by : Samuli Simelius

Download or read book Pompeian Peristyle Gardens written by Samuli Simelius and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-08-01 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how Pompeian peristyle gardens were utilized to represent the socioeconomic status of Roman homeowners, introducing fresh perspectives on how these spaces were designed, used, and perceived. Pompeian Peristyle Gardens provides a novel understanding of how the domus was planned, utilized, and experienced through a critical examination of all Pompeian peristyles – not just by selecting a few well-known examples. This study critiques common scholarly assumptions of ancient domestic space, such as the top-down movement of ideas and the relationship between wealth and socio-political power, though these possibilities are not excluded. In addition, this book provides a welcome contribution to exploring the largely unexamined middle class, an integral part of ancient Roman society. Pompeian Peristyle Gardens is of interest to students and scholars in art history, classics, archaeology, social history, and other related fields.

Science and Technology in World History, Volume 4

Download Science and Technology in World History, Volume 4 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 0786494034
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (864 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Science and Technology in World History, Volume 4 by : David Deming

Download or read book Science and Technology in World History, Volume 4 written by David Deming and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2016-04-13 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of science is a story of human discovery--intertwined with religion, philosophy, economics and technology. The fourth in a series, this book covers the beginnings of the modern world, when 16th-century Europeans began to realize that their scientific achievements surpassed those of the Greeks and Romans. Western Civilization organized itself around the idea that human technological and moral progress was achievable and desirable. Science emerged in 17th-century Europe as scholars subordinated reason to empiricism. Inspired by the example of physics, men like Robert Boyle began the process of changing alchemy into the exact science of chemistry. During the 18th century, European society became more secular and tolerant. Philosophers and economists developed many of the ideas underpinning modern social theories and economic policies. As the Industrial Revolution fundamentally transformed the world by increasing productivity, people became more affluent, better educated and urbanized, and the world entered an era of unprecedented prosperity and progress.