The Application Of The Ultrafine Technology In Improving The Biocompatibility And Osteo Inductivity Of Dental Implants

Author : Robert L. Karlinsey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788130803357
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

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Download or read book Recent Developments In Advanced Medical And Dental Materials Using Electrochemical Methodologies written by Robert L. Karlinsey and published by . This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Any patient potentially undergoing a surgical procedure places great hope and expectation for a successful outcome. This is equally true for both younger and older populations who expect to enjoy healthy and active lifestyles for the duration of their life. In order to keep pace with the ever-improving quality of life, it can be argued that it is essential to devote critical attention to improving dental and medical implants. There is a wealth of information available in the literature regarding successes and failures of dental and medical implants. In an effort to improve implant longevity and utility, there is significant interest in improving their surfaces to encourage better osseointegration, since many failures occur at or near the tissue-implant interface. Traditionally, calcium phosphate coatings have been used, but due to some problems associated with these coatings (e.g. delamination) research activity has been directed towards manipulating the implant surface itself. Electrochemical processing has historically proven to be an extremely economical and effective method of producing textured metal surfaces. As most implant materials are comprised of metals and metal alloys, especially those intended for load-bearing applications (i.e. hip and tooth), electrochemical modification of these surfaces to produce textured surfaces seems straightforward. And with many studies demonstrating that textured surfaces facilitate cellular activity, it is sensible that metallic implants intended for human use could be subjected to electrochemical treatment in order to create an advanced implant material. Thus, it is a primary purpose of this book to highlight the endeavors of leading scientists around the world who desire to improve the quality of life for those patients receiving a medical or dental implant. This book is intended for both the novice and experienced researchers alike who have an active interest in biomaterials and materials science, and those who desire to learn about promising new endeavors from highly-regarded researchers in the field. The following chapters included in this book detail the application of electrochemical techniques to modify implant substrates in an attempt to construct surface-active architectures that effectuate superior tissue-implant bonding. Chapter 1 this chapter carefully details numerous laboratory and clinical investigations of surface-modified titanium dental implants produced through a combination of anodization and thermal oxidation. Chapter 2 - using potentiostatic anodization, this chapter details the electrochemical construction, biocompatibility, and strength of a unique new niobium oxide coating comprised of amorphous and crystalline morphologies. Chapter 3 this chapter discusses two aspects of surface modification: 1) a novel pulse-electropolishing method applied to metallic medical implants, and 2) electrodeposition of calcium phosphate that includes a discussion of nucleation and growth, as well as the presentation of in vivo work comparing the formation of new bone mineral on modified titanium alloy surfaces. Chapter 4 - this chapter divulges structure, morphologies, and solubility results highlighting in vitro differences between plasma-coated and electrodeposited calcium phosphate layers on titanium alloys. Chapter 5 - this paper introduces both anodic and cathodic polarizations as viable electrochemical methods of bio surface-engineering (bioSE) with organic (e.g. collagen and nucleic acids) functionalities that can be immobilized or entrapped to encourage bioactivity. A discussion is also presented describing single-layer calcium phosphate and multi-component composite deposition arising from electrochemical reactions stimulated in the electrolyte solution. Chapter 6 - this chapter presents micro-arc oxidation (MOA) as a viable technique in modifying titanium implant surfaces. The resulting porous and rough oxide surfaces have been examined previously for in vivo and in vitro osseointegration efficacy and are discussed herein. Chapter 7 - this paper provides an excellent review and assessment of TiO2 nanotubes and hierarchy as they pertain to biomechanical interlocking and bioactivity, and includes detailed aspects of oxide structures, formation mechanisms, deformation properties, and anodization processing conditions. Chapter 8 - the purpose of this chapter is to provide detail on TiO2 nanotubes, formed via potentiostatic anodization, in promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and functionality with potential medical stent applications. I would like thank the publisher, Research Signpost, for the opportunity to assemble this book. I especially thank all of the authors for contributing their dedicated and outstanding work in order to constitute this timely vehicle which endorses the promising medical and dental applications of surface-active biomaterials created using various electrochemical methodologies. Finally, I would like to thank my colleagues, my family, and my Tami, for their support.