American Indian Linguistics and Literature

Download American Indian Linguistics and Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110863111
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis American Indian Linguistics and Literature by : William Bright

Download or read book American Indian Linguistics and Literature written by William Bright and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2014-01-02 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The American Indian Language and Literature

Download The American Indian Language and Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : A H M Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The American Indian Language and Literature by : Jack W. Marken

Download or read book The American Indian Language and Literature written by Jack W. Marken and published by A H M Publications. This book was released on 1978 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Unscripted America

Download Unscripted America PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190492562
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Unscripted America by : Sarah Rivett

Download or read book Unscripted America written by Sarah Rivett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1664, French Jesuit Louis Nicolas arrived in Quebec. Upon first hearing Ojibwe, Nicolas observed that he had encountered the most barbaric language in the world--but after listening to and studying approximately fifteen Algonquian languages over a ten-year period, he wrote that he had "discovered all of the secrets of the most beautiful languages in the universe." Unscripted America is a study of how colonists in North America struggled to understand, translate, and interpret Native American languages, and the significance of these languages for theological and cosmological issues such as the origins of Amerindian populations, their relationship to Eurasian and Biblical peoples, and the origins of language itself. Through a close analysis of previously overlooked texts, Unscripted America places American Indian languages within transatlantic intellectual history, while also demonstrating how American letters emerged in the 1810s through 1830s via a complex and hitherto unexplored engagement with the legacies and aesthetic possibilities of indigenous words. Unscripted America contends that what scholars have more traditionally understood through the Romantic ideology of the noble savage, a vessel of antiquity among dying populations, was in fact a palimpsest of still-living indigenous populations whose presence in American literature remains traceable through words. By examining the foundation of the literary nation through language, writing, and literacy, Unscripted America revisits common conceptions regarding "early america" and its origins to demonstrate how the understanding of America developed out of a steadfast connection to American Indians, both past and present.

American Indian Languages

Download American Indian Languages PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816543348
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis American Indian Languages by : Shirley Silver

Download or read book American Indian Languages written by Shirley Silver and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive survey of indigenous languages of the New World introduces students and general readers to the mosaic of American Indian languages and cultures and offers an approach to grasping their subtleties. Authors Silver and Miller demonstrate the complexity and diversity of these languages while dispelling popular misconceptions. Their text reveals the linguistic richness of languages found throughout the Americas, emphasizing those located in the western United States and Mexico, while drawing on a wide range of other examples found from Canada to the Andes. It introduces readers to such varied aspects of communicating as directionals and counting systems, storytelling, expressive speech, Mexican Kickapoo whistle speech, and Plains sign language. The authors have included basics of grammar and historical linguistics, while emphasizing such issues as speech genres and other sociolinguistic issues and the relation between language and worldview. They have incorporated a variety of data that have rarely or never received attention in nontechnical literature in order to underscore the linguistic diversity of the Americas, and have provided more extensive language classification lists than are found in most other texts. American Indian Languages: Cultural and Social Contexts is a comprehensive resource that will serve as a text in undergraduate and lower-level graduate courses on Native American languages and provide a useful reference for students of American Indian literature or general linguistics. It also introduces general readers interested in Native Americans to the amazing diversity and richness of indigenous American languages. Coverage includes: Achumawi, Acoma, Algonquin, Apache, Araucanian, Arawakan, Athapascan, Atsugewi, Ayamara, Bacairi, Bella Coola, Beothuk, Biloxi, Blackfoot, Caddoan, Cahto, Cahuilla, Cakchiquel, Carib, Cayuga, Chemehuevi, Cherokee, Chibchan, Chichimec, Chimakuan, Chimariko, Chinook, Chipewyan, Choctaw-Chickasaw, Chol, Cocopa, Coeur d'Alene, Comanche, Coos, Cora, Cree, Creek, Crow, Cubeo, Cupeño, Dakota, Delaware, Diegueño, Eskimo-Aleut, Esselen, Eyak, Fox, Gros Ventre, Guaraní, Guarijío, Haida, Havasupai, Hill Patwin, Hopi, Huastec, Huave, Hupa, Inuit-Inupiaq, Iroquois, Jaqaru, Je, Jicaque, Kalapuyan, Kamia, Karankawas, Karuk, Kashaya, Keres, Kickapoo, Kiliwa, Kiowa-Tanoan, Koasati, Konkow, Kuna, Kwakiutl, Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai, Lakota, Lenca, Luiseño, Maidu, Mapuche, Markoosie, Mayan, Mazahua, Mazatec, Métis, Mexica, Micmac, Misumalpan, Mitchif, Miwok, Mixe-Zoquean, Mixtec, Mobilian, Mohave, Mohawk, Muskogean, Nahuatl, Natchez, Navajo, Nez Perce, Nheengatú, Nicola, Nomlaki, Nootka, Ojibwa, Oneida, O'odham, Otomí, Paiute, Palaihnihan, Panamint, Panoan, Paya, Pima, Pipil, Pomo, Poplocan, Pueblo, Puquina, Purpecha, Quechua, Quiché, Quileute, Sahaptian, Salish, Seneca, Sequoyah, Seri, Serrano, Shasta, Shoshoni, Sioux, Sirenikski, Slavey, Subtiaba-Tlapanec, Taíno, Takelma, Tanaina, Tarahumara, Tequistlatecan, Tewa, Tlingit, Toba, Toltec, Totonac, Tsimshian, Tubatulabal, Tukano, Tunica, Tupí, Ute, Uto-Aztecan, Vaupés, Venture¤o, Wakashan, Walapai, Wappo, Washo, Wintu, Wiyot, Xinca, Yahi, Yana, Yokuts, Yucatec, Yuchi, Yuki, Yuma, Yurok, Zapotec, Zoquean, and Zuni.

Encyclopedia of American Indian Literature

Download Encyclopedia of American Indian Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Infobase Learning
ISBN 13 : 1438140576
Total Pages : 1566 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (381 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of American Indian Literature by : Jennifer McClinton-Temple

Download or read book Encyclopedia of American Indian Literature written by Jennifer McClinton-Temple and published by Infobase Learning. This book was released on 2015-04-22 with total page 1566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents an encyclopedia of American Indian literature in an alphabetical format listing authors and their works.

The Cambridge History of Native American Literature

Download The Cambridge History of Native American Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108643183
Total Pages : 927 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of Native American Literature by : Melanie Benson Taylor

Download or read book The Cambridge History of Native American Literature written by Melanie Benson Taylor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 927 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Native American literature has always been uniquely embattled. It is marked by divergent opinions about what constitutes authenticity, sovereignty, and even literature. It announces a culture beset by paradox: simultaneously primordial and postmodern; oral and inscribed; outmoded and novel. Its texts are a site of political struggle, shifting to meet external and internal expectations. This Cambridge History endeavors to capture and question the contested character of Indigenous texts and the way they are evaluated. It delineates significant periods of literary and cultural development in four sections: “Traces & Removals” (pre-1870s); “Assimilation and Modernity” (1879-1967); “Native American Renaissance” (post-1960s); and “Visions & Revisions” (21st century). These rubrics highlight how Native literatures have evolved alongside major transitions in federal policy toward the Indian, and via contact with broader cultural phenomena such, as the American Civil Rights movement. There is a balance between a history of canonical authors and traditions, introducing less-studied works and themes, and foregrounding critical discussions, approaches, and controversies.

The Oxford Handbook of Indigenous American Literature

Download The Oxford Handbook of Indigenous American Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford Handbooks
ISBN 13 : 0199914036
Total Pages : 769 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Indigenous American Literature by : James H. Cox

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Indigenous American Literature written by James H. Cox and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2014 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book explores Indigenous American literature and the development of an inter- and trans-Indigenous orientation in Native American and Indigenous literary studies. Drawing on the perspectives of scholars in the field, it seeks to reconcile tribal nation specificity, Indigenous literary nationalism, and trans-Indigenous methodologies as necessary components of post-Renaissance Native American and Indigenous literary studies. It looks at the work of Renaissance writers, including Louise Erdrich's Tracks (1988) and Leslie Marmon Silko's Sacred Water (1993), along with novels by S. Alice Callahan and John Milton Oskison. It also discusses Indigenous poetics and Salt Publishing's Earthworks series, focusing on poets of the Renaissance in conversation with emerging writers. Furthermore, it introduces contemporary readers to many American Indian writers from the seventeenth to the first half of the nineteenth century, from Captain Joseph Johnson and Ben Uncas to Samson Occom, Samuel Ashpo, Henry Quaquaquid, Joseph Brant, Hendrick Aupaumut, Sarah Simon, Mary Occom, and Elijah Wimpey. The book examines Inuit literature in Inuktitut, bilingual Mexicanoh and Spanish poetry, and literature in Indian Territory, Nunavut, the Huasteca, Yucatán, and the Great Lakes region. It considers Indigenous literatures north of the Medicine Line, particularly francophone writing by Indigenous authors in Quebec. Other issues tackled by the book include racial and blood identities that continue to divide Indigenous nations and communities, as well as the role of colleges and universities in the development of Indigenous literary studies".

The Invention of Native American Literature

Download The Invention of Native American Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801488047
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Invention of Native American Literature by : Robert Dale Parker

Download or read book The Invention of Native American Literature written by Robert Dale Parker and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an original, widely researched, and accessibly written book, Robert Dale Parker helps redefine the study of Native American literature by focusing on issues of gender and literary form. Among the writers Parker highlights are Thomas King, John Joseph Mathews, D'Arcy McNickle, Leslie Marmon Silko, and Ray A. Young Bear, some of whom have previously received little scholarly attention.Parker proposes a new history of Native American literature by reinterpreting its concerns with poetry, orality, and Indian notions of authority. He also addresses representations of Indian masculinity, uncovering Native literature's recurring fascination with restless young men who have nothing to do, or who suspect or feel pressured to believe that they have nothing to do. The Invention of Native American Literature reads Native writing through a wide variety of shifting historical contexts. In its commitment to historicizing Native writing and identity, Parker's work parallels developments in scholarship on other minority literatures and is sure to provoke controversy.

Encyclopedia of the Great Plains

Download Encyclopedia of the Great Plains PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 9780803247871
Total Pages : 962 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (478 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of the Great Plains by : David J. Wishart

Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Great Plains written by David J. Wishart and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Wishart and the staff of the Center for Great Plains Studies have compiled a wide-ranging (pun intended) encyclopedia of this important region. Their objective was to 'give definition to a region that has traditionally been poorly defined,' and they have

Ararapíkva

Download Ararapíkva PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ararapíkva by : Julian Lang

Download or read book Ararapíkva written by Julian Lang and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With text in both Karuk and English, this book offers an indepth experience of the beauties and mysteries of Karuk literature at its best.

The Routledge Introduction to Native American Literature

Download The Routledge Introduction to Native American Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351807501
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Routledge Introduction to Native American Literature by : Drew Lopenzina

Download or read book The Routledge Introduction to Native American Literature written by Drew Lopenzina and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Introduction makes available for both student, instructor, and affcianado a refined set of tools for decolonizing our approaches prior to entering the unfamiliar landscape of Native American literatures. This book will introduce indigenous perspectives and traditions as articulated by indigenous authors whose voices have been a vital, if often overlooked, component of the American dialogue for more than 400 years. Paramount to this consideration of Native-centered reading is the understanding that literature was not something bestowed upon Native peoples by the settler culture, either through benevolent interventions or violent programs of forced assimilation. Native literature precedes colonization, and Native stories and traditions have their roots in both the precolonized and the decolonizing worlds. As this far-reaching survey of Native literary contributions will demostrate, almost without fail, when indigenous writers elected to enter into the world of western letters, they did so with the intention of maintaining indigenous culture and community. Writing was and always remains a strategy for survival.

Literature of the American Indians

Download Literature of the American Indians PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : New York : New American Library
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Literature of the American Indians by : Abraham Chapman

Download or read book Literature of the American Indians written by Abraham Chapman and published by New York : New American Library. This book was released on 1975 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection, drawing on Indian memories, symbolism and critical evaluations, adds to our understanding of both the traditional and contemporary literature of and about the American Indian. The whole spectrum of thought about Indian literature is covered here, starting with a Seneca legend on the origin of storytelling; progressing to nineteenth century commentaries by writers such as the Christian convert George Copway (Kah-Ge-Ga-Bowh), novelist William Gilmore Simms, and pioneer anthropologist Daniel G. Brinton; and finally presenting modern-day views by Tristram P. Coffin, Kenneth Rexroth, N. Scott Momaday, Jorge Luis Borges, and Paula Gunn Allen. The subject of Indian humor is delightfully examined by Vine Deloria, Jr., and the now classic texts of scholars such as Franz Boas and Constance Rourke are also included.

Origin of the Earth and Moon

Download Origin of the Earth and Moon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816521395
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Origin of the Earth and Moon by : Shirley Silver

Download or read book Origin of the Earth and Moon written by Shirley Silver and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive survey of indigenous languages of the New World introduces students and general readers to the mosaic of American Indian languages and cultures and offers an approach to grasping their subtleties. Authors Silver and Miller demonstrate the complexity and diversity of these languages while dispelling popular misconceptions. Their text reveals the linguistic richness of languages found throughout the Americas, emphasizing those located in the western United States and Mexico while drawing on a wide range of other examples from Canada to the Andes. It introduces readers to such varied aspects of communicating as directionals and counting systems, storytelling, expressive speech, Mexican Kickapoo whistle speech, and Plains sign language. The authors have included the basics of grammar and historical linguistics while emphasizing such issues as speech genres and other sociolinguistic issues and the relation between language and worldview. American Indian Languages: Cultural and Social Contexts is a comprehensive resource that will serve as a text in undergraduate and lower-level graduate courses on Native American languages and provide a useful reference for students of American Indian literature or general linguistics. It also introduces general readers interested in Native Americans to the amazing diversity and richness of indigenous American languages.

American Indian Literature, Environmental Justice, and Ecocriticism

Download American Indian Literature, Environmental Justice, and Ecocriticism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 9780816517923
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (179 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis American Indian Literature, Environmental Justice, and Ecocriticism by : Joni Adamson

Download or read book American Indian Literature, Environmental Justice, and Ecocriticism written by Joni Adamson and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although much contemporary American Indian literature examines the relationship between humans and the land, most Native authors do not set their work in the "pristine wilderness" celebrated by mainstream nature writers. Instead, they focus on settings such as reservations, open-pit mines, and contested borderlands. Drawing on her own teaching experience among Native Americans and on lessons learned from such recent scenes of confrontation as Chiapas and Black Mesa, Joni Adamson explores why what counts as "nature" is often very different for multicultural writers and activist groups than it is for mainstream environmentalists. This powerful book is one of the first to examine the intersections between literature and the environment from the perspective of the oppressions of race, class, gender, and nature, and the first to review American Indian literature from the standpoint of environmental justice and ecocriticism. By examining such texts as Sherman Alexie's short stories and Leslie Marmon Silko's novel Almanac of the Dead, Adamson contends that these works, in addition to being literary, are examples of ecological criticism that expand Euro-American concepts of nature and place. Adamson shows that when we begin exploring the differences that shape diverse cultural and literary representations of nature, we discover the challenge they present to mainstream American culture, environmentalism, and literature. By comparing the work of Native authors such as Simon Ortiz with that of environmental writers such as Edward Abbey, she reveals opportunities for more multicultural conceptions of nature and the environment. More than a work of literary criticism, this is a book about the search to find ways to understand our cultural and historical differences and similarities in order to arrive at a better agreement of what the human role in nature is and should be. It exposes the blind spots in early ecocriticism and shows the possibilities for building common groundÑ a middle placeÑ where writers, scholars, teachers, and environmentalists might come together to work for social and environmental change.

The Routledge Companion to Native American Literature

Download The Routledge Companion to Native American Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317693183
Total Pages : 719 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Routledge Companion to Native American Literature by : Deborah L. Madsen

Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Native American Literature written by Deborah L. Madsen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-05 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Companion to Native American Literature engages the multiple scenes of tension — historical, political, cultural, and aesthetic — that constitutes a problematic legacy in terms of community identity, ethnicity, gender and sexuality, language, and sovereignty in the study of Native American literature. This important and timely addition to the field provides context for issues that enter into Native American literary texts through allusions, references, and language use. The volume presents over forty essays by leading and emerging international scholars and analyses: regional, cultural, racial and sexual identities in Native American literature key historical moments from the earliest period of colonial contact to the present worldviews in relation to issues such as health, spirituality, animals, and physical environments traditions of cultural creation that are key to understanding the styles, allusions, and language of Native American Literature the impact of differing literary forms of Native American literature. This collection provides a map of the critical issues central to the discipline, as well as uncovering new perspectives and new directions for the development of the field. It supports academic study and also assists general readers who require a comprehensive yet manageable introduction to the contexts essential to approaching Native American Literature. It is essential reading for anyone interested in the past, present and future of this literary culture. Contributors: Joseph Bauerkemper, Susan Bernardin, Susan Berry Brill de Ramírez, Kirby Brown, David J. Carlson, Cari M. Carpenter, Eric Cheyfitz, Tova Cooper, Alicia Cox, Birgit Däwes, Janet Fiskio, Earl E. Fitz, John Gamber, Kathryn N. Gray, Sarah Henzi, Susannah Hopson, Hsinya Huang, Brian K. Hudson, Bruce E. Johansen, Judit Ágnes Kádár, Amelia V. Katanski, Susan Kollin, Chris LaLonde, A. Robert Lee, Iping Liang, Drew Lopenzina, Brandy Nālani McDougall, Deborah Madsen, Diveena Seshetta Marcus, Sabine N. Meyer, Carol Miller, David L. Moore, Birgit Brander Rasmussen, Mark Rifkin, Kenneth M. Roemer, Oliver Scheiding, Lee Schweninger, Stephanie A. Sellers, Kathryn W. Shanley, Leah Sneider, David Stirrup, Theodore C. Van Alst, Jr., Tammy Wahpeconiah

Bawaajimo

Download Bawaajimo PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : American Indian Studies
ISBN 13 : 9781611861051
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Bawaajimo by : Margaret Noodin

Download or read book Bawaajimo written by Margaret Noodin and published by American Indian Studies. This book was released on 2014 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bawaajimo: A Dialect of Dreams in Anishinaabe Language and Literature combines literary criticism, sociolinguistics, native studies, and poetics to introduce an Anishinaabe way of reading. The four Anishinaabe authors discussed in the book, Louise Erdrich, Jim Northrup, Basil Johnston, and Gerald Vizenor, share an ethnic heritage but are connected more clearly by a culture of tales, songs, and beliefs.

Native American Perspectives on Literature and History

Download Native American Perspectives on Literature and History PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 9780806127859
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (278 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Native American Perspectives on Literature and History by : Alan R. Velie

Download or read book Native American Perspectives on Literature and History written by Alan R. Velie and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "James Ruppert explores the bicultural nature of Indian writers and discusses strategies they employ in addressing several audiences at once: their tribe, other Indians, and other Americans. Helen Jaskoski analyzes the genre of autoethnography, or Indian historical writing, in an Ottawa writer's account of a smallpox epidemic. Kimberly Blaeser, a Chippewa, writes about how Indian writers reappropriate their history and stories of their land and people. Robert Allen Warrior, an Osage, examines the ideas of the leading Indian philosopher in America, Vine Deloria, Jr., who calls for a return to traditional tribal religions. Robert Berner exposes the incomplete myths and false legends pervading Indian views of American history. Alan Velie discusses the issue of historical objectivity in two Indian historical novels, James Welch's Fools Crow and Gerald Vizenor's The Heirs of Columbus. Kurt M. Peters relates how Laguna Indians retained their culture and identity while living in the boxcars of the Santa Fe Railroad Indian Village at Richmond, California. Juana Maria Rodriguez examines power relations in Gerald Vizenor's narrative of a Dakota Indian accused of murder in 1967, "Thomas White Hawk." Finally, Gerald Vizenor, a Chippewa, discusses Indian conceptions of identity in contemporary America, including simulations he calls "postindian identity."".