The Adjoint Method for The Optimization of Brachytherapy and Radiotherapy Patient Treatment Planning Procedures Using Monte Carlo Calculations

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis The Adjoint Method for The Optimization of Brachytherapy and Radiotherapy Patient Treatment Planning Procedures Using Monte Carlo Calculations by :

Download or read book The Adjoint Method for The Optimization of Brachytherapy and Radiotherapy Patient Treatment Planning Procedures Using Monte Carlo Calculations written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project is to investigate the use of the adjoint method, commonly used in the reactor physics community, for the optimization of radiation therapy patient treatment plans. Two different types of radiation therapy are being examined, interstitial brachytherapy and radiotherapy. In brachytherapy radioactive sources are surgically implanted within the diseased organ such as the prostate to treat the cancerous tissue. With radiotherapy, the x-ray source is usually located at a distance of about 1-metere from the patient and focused on the treatment area. For brachytherapy the optimization phase of the treatment plan consists of determining the optimal placement of the radioactive sources, which delivers the prescribed dose to the disease tissue while simultaneously sparing (reducing) the dose to sensitive tissue and organs. For external beam radiation therapy the optimization phase of the treatment plan consists of determining the optimal direction and intensity of beam, which provides complete coverage of the tumor region with the prescribed dose while simultaneously avoiding sensitive tissue areas. For both therapy methods, the optimal treatment plan is one in which the diseased tissue has been treated with the prescribed dose and dose to the sensitive tissue and organs has been kept to a minimum.

Therapeutic Applications of Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000687686
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Therapeutic Applications of Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine by : H. Zaidi

Download or read book Therapeutic Applications of Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine written by H. Zaidi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-09-01 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Therapeutic Applications of Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine examines the applications of Monte Carlo (MC) calculations in therapeutic nuclear medicine, from basic principles to computer implementations of software packages and their applications in radiation dosimetry and treatment planning. With chapters written by recognized authorit

Treatment Planning of High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy - Mathematical Modelling and Optimization

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Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9179297382
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (792 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatment Planning of High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy - Mathematical Modelling and Optimization by : Björn Morén

Download or read book Treatment Planning of High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy - Mathematical Modelling and Optimization written by Björn Morén and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is a widespread class of diseases that each year affects millions of people. It is mostly treated with chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, or combinations thereof. High doserate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT) is one modality of radiation therapy, which is used to treat for example prostate cancer and gynecologic cancer. In BT, catheters (i.e., hollow needles) or applicators are used to place a single, small, but highly radioactive source of ionizing radiation close to or within a tumour, at dwell positions. An emerging technique for HDR BT treatment is intensity modulated brachytherapy (IMBT), in which static or dynamic shields are used to further shape the dose distribution, by hindering the radiation in certain directions. The topic of this thesis is the application of mathematical optimization to model and solve the treatment planning problem. The treatment planning includes decisions on catheter placement, that is, how many catheters to use and where to place them, as well as decisions for dwell times. Our focus is on the latter decisions. The primary treatment goals are to give the tumour a sufficiently high radiation dose while limiting the dose to the surrounding healthy organs, to avoid severe side effects. Because these aims are typically in conflict, optimization models of the treatment planning problem are inherently multiobjective. Compared to manual treatment planning, there are several advantages of using mathematical optimization for treatment planning. First, the optimization of treatment plans requires less time, compared to the time-consuming manual planning. Secondly, treatment plan quality can be improved by using optimization models and algorithms. Finally, with the use of sophisticated optimization models and algorithms the requirements of experience and skill level for the planners are lower. The use of optimization for treatment planning of IMBT is especially important because the degrees of freedom are too many for manual planning. The contributions of this thesis include the study of properties of treatment planning models, suggestions for extensions and improvements of proposed models, and the development of new optimization models that take clinically relevant, but uncustomary aspects, into account in the treatment planning. A common theme is the modelling of constraints on dosimetric indices, each of which is a restriction on the portion of a volume that receives at least a specified dose, or on the lowest dose that is received by a portion of a volume. Modelling dosimetric indices explicitly yields mixed-integer programs which are computationally demanding to solve. We have therefore investigated approximations of dosimetric indices, for example using smooth non-linear functions or convex functions. Contributions of this thesis are also a literature review of proposed treatment planning models for HDR BT, including mathematical analyses and comparisons of models, and a study of treatment planning for IMBT, which shows how robust optimization can be used to mitigate the risks from rotational errors in the shield placement. Cancer är en grupp av sjukdomar som varje år drabbar miljontals människor. De vanligaste behandlingsformerna är cellgifter, kirurgi, strålbehandling eller en kombination av dessa. I denna avhandling studeras högdosrat brachyterapi (HDR BT), vilket är en form av strålbehandling som till exempel används vid behandling av prostatacancer och gynekologisk cancer. Vid brachyterapibehandling används ihåliga nålar eller applikatorer för att placera en millimeterstor strålkälla antingen inuti eller intill en tumör. I varje nål finns det ett antal så kallade dröjpositioner där strålkällan kan stanna en viss tid för att bestråla den omkringliggande vävnaden, i alla riktningar. Genom att välja lämpliga tider för dröjpositionerna kan dosfördelningen formas efter patientens anatomi. Utöver HDR BT studeras också den nya tekniken intensitetsmodulerad brachyterapi (IMBT) vilket är en variation på HDR BT där skärmning används för att minska strålningen i vissa riktningar vilket gör det möjligt att forma dosfördelningen bättre. Planeringen av en behandling med HDR BT omfattar hur många nålar som ska användas, var de ska placeras samt hur länge strålkällan ska stanna i de olika dröjpositionerna. För HDR BT kan dessa vara flera hundra stycken medan det för IMBT snarare handlar om tusentals möjliga kombinationer av dröjpositioner och inställningar av skärmarna. Planeringen resulterar i en dosplan som beskriver hur hög stråldos som tumören och intilliggande frisk vävnad och riskorgan utsätts för. Dosplaneringen kan formuleras som ett matematiskt optimeringsproblem vilket är ämnet för avhandlingen. De övergripande målsättningarna för behandlingen är att ge en tillräckligt hög stråldos till tumören, för att döda alla cancerceller, samt att undvika att bestråla riskorgan eftersom det kan ge allvarliga biverkningar. Då alla målsättningarna inte samtidigt kan uppnås fullt ut så fås optimeringsproblem där flera målsättningar behöver prioriteras mot varandra. Utöver att dosplanen uppfyller kliniska behandlingsriktlinjer så är också tidsaspekten av planeringen viktig eftersom det är vanligt att den görs medan patienten är bedövad eller sövd. Vid utvärdering av en dosplan används dos-volymmått. För en tumör anger ett dosvolymmått hur stor andel av tumören som får en stråldos som är högre än en specificerad nivå. Dos-volymmått utgör en viktig del av målen för dosplaner som tas upp i kliniska behandlingsriktlinjer och ett exempel på ett sådant mål vid behandling av prostatacancer är att 95% av prostatans volym ska få en stråldos som är minst den föreskrivna dosen. Dos-volymmått utläses ur de kliniskt betydelsefulla dos-volym histogrammen som för varje stråldosnivå anger motsvarande volym som erhåller den dosen. En fördel med att använda matematisk optimering för dosplanering är att det kan spara tid jämfört med manuell planering. Med väl utvecklade modeller så finns det också möjlighet att skapa bättre dosplaner, till exempel genom att riskorganen nås av en lägre dos men med bibehållen dos till tumören. Vidare så finns det även fördelar med en process som inte är lika personberoende och som inte kräver erfarenhet i lika stor utsträckning som manuell dosplanering i dagsläget gör. Vid IMBT är det dessutom så många frihetsgrader att manuell planering i stort sett blir omöjligt. I avhandlingen ligger fokus på hur dos-volymmått kan användas och modelleras explicit i optimeringsmodeller, så kallade dos-volymmodeller. Detta omfattar såväl analys av egenskaper hos befintliga modeller, utvidgningar av tidigare använda modeller samt utveckling av nya optimeringsmodeller. Eftersom dos-volymmodeller modelleras som heltalsproblem, vilka är beräkningskrävande att lösa, så är det också viktigt att utveckla algoritmer som kan lösa dem tillräckligt snabbt för klinisk användning. Ett annat mål för modellutvecklingen är att kunna ta hänsyn till fler kriterier som är kliniskt relevanta men som inte ingår i dos-volymmodeller. En sådan kategori av mått är hur dosen är fördelad rumsligt, exempelvis att volymen av sammanhängande områden som får en alldeles för hög dos ska vara liten. Sådana områden går dock inte att undvika helt eftersom det är typiskt för dosplaner för brachyterapi att stråldosen fördelar sig ojämnt, med väldigt höga doser till små volymer precis intill strålkällorna. Vidare studeras hur små fel i inställningarna av skärmningen i IMBT påverkar dosplanens kvalitet och de olika utvärderingsmått som används kliniskt. Robust optimering har använts för att säkerställa att en dosplan tas fram som är robust sett till dessa möjliga fel i hur skärmningen är placerad. Slutligen ges en omfattande översikt över optimeringsmodeller för dosplanering av HDR BT och speciellt hur optimeringsmodellerna hanterar de motstridiga målsättningarna.

Mathematical Modelling of Dose Planning in High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy

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Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9176851311
Total Pages : 63 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematical Modelling of Dose Planning in High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy by : Björn Morén

Download or read book Mathematical Modelling of Dose Planning in High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy written by Björn Morén and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is a widespread type of diseases that each year affects millions of people. It is mainly treated by chemotherapy, surgery or radiation therapy, or a combination of them. One modality of radiation therapy is high dose-rate brachytherapy, used in treatment of for example prostate cancer and gynecologic cancer. Brachytherapy is an invasive treatment in which catheters (hollow needles) or applicators are used to place the highly active radiation source close to or within a tumour. The treatment planning problem, which can be modelled as a mathematical optimization problem, is the topic of this thesis. The treatment planning includes decisions on how many catheters to use and where to place them as well as the dwell times for the radiation source. There are multiple aims with the treatment and these are primarily to give the tumour a radiation dose that is sufficiently high and to give the surrounding healthy tissue and organs (organs at risk) a dose that is sufficiently low. Because these aims are in conflict, modelling the treatment planning gives optimization problems which essentially are multiobjective. To evaluate treatment plans, a concept called dosimetric indices is commonly used and they constitute an essential part of the clinical treatment guidelines. For the tumour, the portion of the volume that receives at least a specified dose is of interest while for an organ at risk it is rather the portion of the volume that receives at most a specified dose. The dosimetric indices are derived from the dose-volume histogram, which for each dose level shows the corresponding dosimetric index. Dose-volume histograms are commonly used to visualise the three-dimensional dose distribution. The research focus of this thesis is mathematical modelling of the treatment planning and properties of optimization models explicitly including dosimetric indices, which the clinical treatment guidelines are based on. Modelling dosimetric indices explicitly yields mixedinteger programs which are computationally demanding to solve. The computing time of the treatment planning is of clinical relevance as the planning is typically conducted while the patient is under anaesthesia. Research topics in this thesis include both studying properties of models, extending and improving models, and developing new optimization models to be able to take more aspects into account in the treatment planning. There are several advantages of using mathematical optimization for treatment planning in comparison to manual planning. First, the treatment planning phase can be shortened compared to the time consuming manual planning. Secondly, also the quality of treatment plans can be improved by using optimization models and algorithms, for example by considering more of the clinically relevant aspects. Finally, with the use of optimization algorithms the requirements of experience and skill level for the planners are lower. This thesis summary contains a literature review over optimization models for treatment planning, including the catheter placement problem. How optimization models consider the multiobjective nature of the treatment planning problem is also discussed.

Nuclear Energy's Role

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Energy's Role by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment

Download or read book Nuclear Energy's Role written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Use of Machine Learning System in Brachytherapy Treatment Planning

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis The Use of Machine Learning System in Brachytherapy Treatment Planning by : Ximeng Mao

Download or read book The Use of Machine Learning System in Brachytherapy Treatment Planning written by Ximeng Mao and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT) involves temporarily insertion of a sealed highly radioactive source inside or in close proximity of the target volume, by using catheters and/or applicators. Treatment planning in HDR BT is performed on a 3D set of computerized tomography or magnetic resonance images. The purpose of a treatment plan is to determine where (dwell position) and how long (dwell time) the radiation source should pause to expose its radiation. Each implanted catheter provides a set of possible dwell positions. Combinations of the possible dwell positions and dwell times, as well as utilizing contours of the target volume and organs at risk (OAR), contributes to optimization of treatment plans. The optimal plan has the best possible dose distribution with respect to the target volume and the OAR. Two key questions for treatment planning are how to evaluate a certain plan and how to search for the optimal plan. The traditional solutions to the two questions often lack the capability of fully utilizing previous experience, which result in inefficiency due to long computation times when solving the problems. In this thesis machine learning (ML) algorithms were investigated for evaluation and search for an optimal BT treatment plan. ML-based algorithms are chosen due to their ability to specialize in exploiting previous experience for better future performance. Evaluation of a certain treatment plan in the first problem requires calculation of the radiation dose. Clinical standards for BT dose calculation have traditionally been based on AAPM TG-43 report. In the TG-43 based dose calculation process, the affected malignant tissue, the surrounding radiation sensitive healthy organs, BT seeds, needles and applicators are considered to be water with unit mass density for simplification. This simplification overlooks the alteration of photon fluence and absorption of dose by different tissues, BT seeds, needles or applicators. Model based dose calculation algorithms (MBDCAs) provide a detailed and more accurate method for calculation of absorbed dose in heterogeneous systems such as the human body, with the Monte Carlo (MC) method being the gold standard. Recently, these algorithms have evolved from serving as a research tool into clinical practice in BT. To obtain accurate dose distributions, a correct geometrical description, density and tissue composition of the patient, a model of the BT seed and the implanted applicators with appropriate density and material composition are needed as inputs to these MBDCAs. AAPM TG-186 provides guidance for the use of MBDCAs. Although MC method is the most accurate technique for dose calculations, its use incurs an excessive computational cost and time. To provide a solution for the accuracy-time trade-off, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm to predict dose distributions calculated with the MC method has been proposed in this thesis. The developed deep CNN based dose calculation algorithm was shown to be a promising method for accurate patient specific dosimetry in BT, at accuracy arbitrarily close to those of the source MC algorithm but with much faster computation times. Treatment plan optimization is traditionally solved as constrained optimization. Extended from core setup of plan optimization, a related plan analysis problem is formulated to focus on understanding the impacts of individual dwell position to overall plan performance. Derived from linear programming formulation of the optimization problem, reinforcement learning (RL) was applied to solve the plan analysis problem. Relying on the dose distribution at each dwell position, the RL solution showed flexibility in problem formulation as there is no need to enforce linearity. Moreover, when used in a simplified proof-of-concept setup derived from the real clinical case, the fully-trained RL agent showed the capability to reach optimal treatment plan within one step from any random start point"--

Optimization of Brachytherapy Treatment Planning Using Adjoint Functions

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimization of Brachytherapy Treatment Planning Using Adjoint Functions by : Sua Yoo

Download or read book Optimization of Brachytherapy Treatment Planning Using Adjoint Functions written by Sua Yoo and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Development of a Forward/adjoint Hybrid Monte Carlo Absorbed Dose Calculational Method for Use in Radiation Therapy

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (117 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of a Forward/adjoint Hybrid Monte Carlo Absorbed Dose Calculational Method for Use in Radiation Therapy by : Mat Mustafa Tamimi

Download or read book Development of a Forward/adjoint Hybrid Monte Carlo Absorbed Dose Calculational Method for Use in Radiation Therapy written by Mat Mustafa Tamimi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A successful radiation therapy treatment aims at conforming (i.e., concentrating) radiation dose to the entire tumor volume (i.e., diseased area) while avoiding surrounding normal tissue (i.e., healthy non-diseased areas). This objective is achieved clinically by finding a set of radiation beam parameters that successfully deliver the desired dose distribution. In this project, a hybrid forward/adjoint Monte Carlo based absorbed dose computation method is developed and tested, aimed at eventual implementation in a radiation therapy external beam treatment planning system to predict the absorbed dose produced by a medical linear accelerator. This absorbed dose calculational engine was designed to be:1. Efficient. This is achieved by incorporating several Monte Carlo techniques used in the Nuclear Engineering field for deep penetration and reactor analysis problem. 2. Flexible. This is achieved by using a Cartesian grid and a voxelized material map. Currently most of the absorbed dose calculation algorithms in radiotherapy are 3-D based predictive models. The use of such algorithms results in treatment planning quality that depends tremendously on the planner’s experience and knowledge base. This dependence, along with inaccuracy in predicting absorbed dose due to the assumptions and simplifications used in these algorithms, can result in a predicted absorbed dose that under- or over-predicts the delivered dose. As an alternative, forward and adjoint Monte Carlo absorbed dose computation methods have been used and validated by several authors (Difilippo, 1998; Goldstein & Regev, 1999; Jeraj & Keall, 1999). However, in the “pure” forward or adjoint methods, each change in the radiation beam parameters requires its own time-consuming 3D calculation; for the hybrid technique developed in this research, a single 3D calculation for each desired dose region (tumor or healthy organ) is all that is required. This project also improves the Monte Carlo methodology by incorporating the use of voxelized fictitious scattering and surface forward/adjoint coupling. The accuracy is demonstrated through comparison with forward and adjoint MCNP calculations of a simple beam/patient sample problem.

Hybrid Classical-quantum Dose Computation Method for Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (851 download)

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Book Synopsis Hybrid Classical-quantum Dose Computation Method for Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning by : Gabriel G. Colburn

Download or read book Hybrid Classical-quantum Dose Computation Method for Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning written by Gabriel G. Colburn and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation therapy treatment planning and optimization requires accurate, precise, and fast computation of absorbed dose to all critical and target volumes in a patient. A new method for speeding up the computational costs of Monte Carlo dose calculations is described that employs a hybrid classical-quantum computing architecture. Representative results are presented from computer simulations using modified and unmodified versions of the Dose Planning Method (DPM) Monte Carlo code. The architecture and methods may be extended to sampling arbitrary discrete probability density functions using quantum bits with application to many fields.

Nuclear News

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear News by :

Download or read book Nuclear News written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Monte Carlo Treatment Planning for Molecular Targeted Radiotherapy Within the MINERVA System

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)

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Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Treatment Planning for Molecular Targeted Radiotherapy Within the MINERVA System by : D. Nigg

Download or read book Monte Carlo Treatment Planning for Molecular Targeted Radiotherapy Within the MINERVA System written by D. Nigg and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this project is to extend accurate and patient-specific treatment planning to new treatment modalities, such as molecular targeted radiation therapy, incorporating previously crafted and proven Monte Carlo and deterministic computation methods. A flexible software environment is being created that allows planning radiation treatment for these new modalities and combining different forms of radiation treatment with consideration of biological effects. The system uses common input interfaces, medical image sets for definition of patient geometry, and dose reporting protocols. Previously, the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Montana State University (MSU), and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) had accrued experience in the development and application of Monte Carlo-based, three-dimensional, computational dosimetry and treatment planning tools for radiotherapy in several specialized areas. In particular, INEEL and MSU have developed computational dosimetry systems for neutron radiotherapy and neutron capture therapy, while LLNL has developed the PEREGRINE computational system for external beam photon-electron therapy. Building on that experience, the INEEL and MSU are developing the MINERVA (Modality Inclusive Environment for Radiotherapeutic Variable Analysis) software system as a general framework for computational dosimetry and treatment planning for a variety of emerging forms of radiotherapy. In collaboration with this development, LLNL has extended its PEREGRINE code to accommodate internal sources for molecular targeted radiotherapy (MTR), and has interfaced it with the plug-in architecture of MINERVA. Results from the extended PEREGRINE code have been compared to published data from other codes, and found to be in general agreement (EGS4 - 2%, MCNP - 10%)(Descalle et al. 2003). The code is currently being benchmarked against experimental data. The interpatient variability of the drug pharmacokinetics in MTR can only be properly accounted for by image-based, patient-specific treatment planning as has been common in external beam radiation therapy for many years. MINERVA offers 3D Monte Carlo based MTR treatment planning as its first integrated operational capability. The new MINERVA system will ultimately incorporate capabilities for a comprehensive list of radiation therapies. In progress are modules for external beam photon-electron therapy and Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Brachytherapy and Protontherapy are planned. Through the open Application Programming Interface (API) other groups can add their own modules and share them with the community.

Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine, Second Edition

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439841098
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine, Second Edition by : Michael Ljungberg

Download or read book Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine, Second Edition written by Michael Ljungberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-11-06 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From first principles to current computer applications, Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine, Second Edition: Applications in Diagnostic Imaging covers the applications of Monte Carlo calculations in nuclear medicine and critically reviews them from a diagnostic perspective. Like the first edition, this book explains the Monte Carlo method and the principles behind SPECT and PET imaging, introduces the reader to some Monte Carlo software currently in use, and gives the reader a detailed idea of some possible applications of Monte Carlo in current research in SPECT and PET. New chapters in this edition cover codes and applications in pre-clinical PET and SPECT. The book explains how Monte Carlo methods and software packages can be applied to evaluate scatter in SPECT and PET imaging, collimation, and image deterioration. A guide for researchers and students developing methods to improve image resolution, it also demonstrates how Monte Carlo techniques can be used to simulate complex imaging systems.

Adjoint Methods for External Beam Inverse Treatment Planning

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Adjoint Methods for External Beam Inverse Treatment Planning by : Michael E. Kowalok

Download or read book Adjoint Methods for External Beam Inverse Treatment Planning written by Michael E. Kowalok and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Concurrent Monte Carlo Transport and Fluence Optimization Theory, Development, and Applications

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (944 download)

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Book Synopsis Concurrent Monte Carlo Transport and Fluence Optimization Theory, Development, and Applications by :

Download or read book Concurrent Monte Carlo Transport and Fluence Optimization Theory, Development, and Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concurrent Monte Carlo Transport and Fluence Optimization Theory, Development, and Applications Youming Yang Under the supervision of Assistant Professor Bryan P. Bednarz At the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON Future radiation treatment technology will require new inverse planning solutions to account for an increasing number of physical and biological parameters used for advanced delivery modes. The difficult challenge of preserving dosimetric accuracy while finding an optimal treatment plan over a vast search space would greatly benefit from Monte Carlo based dose calculation methods, which can offer improvements in dosimetric accuracy of up to 20% compared to deterministic methods. However, the dosimetric accuracy afforded by conventional Monte Carlo treatment planning methods come at the cost of being computationally time-consuming and memory-intensive to implement. This has largely relegated Monte Carlo treatment planning to research endeavors, where the computational time and memory considerations are less important than the accuracy afforded by Monte Carlo. While advancements in computer hardware and software have greatly improved the speed of Monte Carlo dose calculation methods, the computational demands of newer radiation therapy optimization problems still outpace the scalability of the current optimization paradigm. Therefore, the overarching goal of this research is to develop a novel approach to fluence optimization that directly incorporates optimization into the Monte Carlo transport process itself, in a manner that reduces both the computational time and memory penalties of performing transport and optimization separately. Additionally, the Monte Carlo methods and optimization theory developed in this work was applied to the novel MRI guided radiation therapy delivery modality, an emerging subset of image guided radiation therapy for which Monte Carlo dose calculation methods will be essential in generating safe and robust treatment plans.

Application of Monte Carlo Methods in Molecular Targeted Radionuclide Therapy

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)

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Book Synopsis Application of Monte Carlo Methods in Molecular Targeted Radionuclide Therapy by :

Download or read book Application of Monte Carlo Methods in Molecular Targeted Radionuclide Therapy written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Targeted radionuclide therapy promises to expand the role of radiation beyond the treatment of localized tumors. This novel form of therapy targets metastatic cancers by combining radioactive isotopes with tumor-seeking molecules such as monoclonal antibodies and custom-designed synthetic agents. Ultimately, like conventional radiotherapy, the effectiveness of targeted radionuclide therapy is limited by the maximum dose that can be given to a critical, normal tissue, such as bone marrow, kidneys, and lungs. Because radionuclide therapy relies on biological delivery of radiation, its optimization and characterization are necessarily different than for conventional radiation therapy. We have initiated the development of a new, Monte Carlo transport-based treatment planning system for molecular targeted radiation therapy as part of the MINERVA treatment planning system. This system calculates patient-specific radiation dose estimates using a set of computed tomography scans to describe the 3D patient anatomy, combined with 2D (planar image) and 3D (SPECT, or single photon emission computed tomography) to describe the time-dependent radiation source. The accuracy of such a dose calculation is limited primarily by the accuracy of the initial radiation source distribution, overlaid on the patient's anatomy. This presentation provides an overview of MINERVA functionality for molecular targeted radiation therapy, and describes early validation and implementation results of Monte Carlo simulations.

Monte Carlo Simulation of Medical Linear Accelerators in Radiotherapy

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Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783838335674
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Simulation of Medical Linear Accelerators in Radiotherapy by : Andy Ma

Download or read book Monte Carlo Simulation of Medical Linear Accelerators in Radiotherapy written by Andy Ma and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is the number two killer after cardiovascular diseases and radiotherapy is beneficial to about half of the cancer patients. In radiotherapy, medical linear accelerators (linac) are frequently used to deliver high-energy x-ray beams to treat the tumour site with minimal damage to the nearby healthy tissues. Monte Carlo simulations offer accurate calculation of the radiation dose for treatment planning by tracking millions of randomly sampled x-ray photons from their generation to their absorption in the patient. Due to its time-consuming nature, a Monte Carlo simulation is carried out in steps. The data set about the photons emerging from the first, patient-independent step is a phase space. Phase space modeling allows fast generation and easy manipulation of those photons that will be transported through the second, patient-specific part of the simulation. This book examines some existing models and introduces a new one - the directional spectrum model (DSM). DSM excels in the dose calculations both inside and outside the x-ray field. The out-of-field dose calculation is important because it is where the healthy tissues are and it is where we need to minimise the damage.

Treatment Planning in Adaptive Radiotherapy

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatment Planning in Adaptive Radiotherapy by : Chuan Wu

Download or read book Treatment Planning in Adaptive Radiotherapy written by Chuan Wu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: