The ACE Abundance

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Publisher : FriesenPress
ISBN 13 : 1460276140
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis The ACE Abundance by : Murali Murthy

Download or read book The ACE Abundance written by Murali Murthy and published by FriesenPress. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Welcome to your abundant, limitless life. What if, right now, you had access to all the right tools and resources to create your universe of Abundance and attract success in all areas of life? With positive thinking, the right mindset, the right affirmations and the right actions, you can now uncover greater success and happiness in your life within days. The ACE Abundance presents 12 steps that will help you focus on the Abundance you have and can achieve and bring to reality everything you focus your thoughts on. Start creating your universe of Abundance. Move from a scarcity mentality to Abundance mentality. Move to a new domain that demonstrates limitless opportunities. Life is far too valuable to be shackled by the limitations imposed by others and our lesser selves. Enjoy The ACE Abundance. The 12 Chapters in this book will challenge you, encourage you, inspire you and help you to Absorb. Comprehend. Excel… ACE your way to abundant success.

The ACE Abundance

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Author :
Publisher : FriesenPress
ISBN 13 : 1460276159
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis The ACE Abundance by : Murali Murthy

Download or read book The ACE Abundance written by Murali Murthy and published by FriesenPress. This book was released on 2015-12-02 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Welcome to your abundant, limitless life. What if, right now, you had access to all the right tools and resources to create your universe of Abundance and attract success in all areas of life? With positive thinking, the right mindset, the right affirmations and the right actions, you can now uncover greater success and happiness in your life within days. The ACE Abundance presents 12 steps that will help you focus on the Abundance you have and can achieve and bring to reality everything you focus your thoughts on. Start creating your universe of Abundance. Move from a scarcity mentality to Abundance mentality. Move to a new domain that demonstrates limitless opportunities. Life is far too valuable to be shackled by the limitations imposed by others and our lesser selves. Enjoy The ACE Abundance. The 12 Chapters in this book will challenge you, encourage you, inspire you and help you to Absorb. Comprehend. Excel… ACE your way to abundant success.

You Are HIRED!

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Publisher : FriesenPress
ISBN 13 : 1525509411
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (255 download)

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Book Synopsis You Are HIRED! by : Murali Murthy

Download or read book You Are HIRED! written by Murali Murthy and published by FriesenPress. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From positioning your brand to mastering social media, Murali offers a wealth of information to set you apart. His tips and insights are valuable to anyone looking to advance their career. - Margaret Jetelina, Editor, Canadian Immigrant Magazine Once again, Murali demonstrates his unique ability to deliver clear and actionable steps for career growth. In You Are HIRED!, he takes his experience in coaching to a whole new level. A must read for all! - Andrew Srinarayan, Vice President, WelcomePack Canada Inc. Another winner from Murali which will inspire anyone looking to make fundamental life changes. Murali is a master at delivering gems of wisdom. If you have ever been stuck in a rut - this is the book to buy. - Nicole Darlaston, Employment Consultant, Student Services, Sheridan College

Tarot for Creativity

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Publisher : Chronicle Books
ISBN 13 : 1797225561
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (972 download)

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Book Synopsis Tarot for Creativity by : Chelsey Pippin Mizzi

Download or read book Tarot for Creativity written by Chelsey Pippin Mizzi and published by Chronicle Books. This book was released on 2024-10-01 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tarot isn’t just for divination—it’s also a great way to connect to your creativity. Discover how tarot can help you stay inspired and make your best work with this practical guidebook. For modern mystics of any level—from the seasoned cartomancer to the total novice—Tarot for Creativity offers a fresh take on the rich tradition of the tarot. In this unique and practical guide, tarot reader and creativity coach Chelsey Pippin Mizzi explores each of the standard 78 tarot cards and provides an accessible explanation of how their symbols and archetypes relate to creativity, four prompts to encourage creative experimentation and self-discovery, and a spread to help you integrate each card's message into your work. These thoughtful entries are accompanied by vibrant contemporary artwork from the Modern Way Tarot deck, created by J. Bindels and illustrated by N. Fernando. Whether you're a writer, artist, engineer, chef, or influencer, this guidebook offers down-to-earth advice for honing your voice, overcoming blocks, and cultivating your creative magic. A NEW APPROACH TO TAROT: Whether you're an experienced practitioner or a new initiate, Tarot for Creativity invites you to explore tarot as a form of storytelling and self-reflection that can yield abundant creative and personal growth. WE ARE ALL CREATIVE: All humans are creative. But that doesn’t mean great ideas come easily. Drawing on her experience as a tarot reader and creativity coach, Chelsey Pippin Mizzi teaches us to tap into our imagination, overcome blocks, and deepen our relationship with our creativity, all using tarot as a powerful tool. COMBINES WITH ANY TAROT DECK: Tarot for Creativity can be combined with any tarot card deck to add a new dimension to your practice. Use it with your favorite set, or gift it to a creative friend alongside a deck that speaks to their personality, from a classic Rider-Waite tarot deck to modern favorites like Mystic Mondays Tarot or Cat Tarot. Perfect for: Tarot and oracle card lovers of all experience levels Artists and writers of all ages Working and aspiring creatives, including bloggers, designers, and entrepreneurs Hobbyists who want to experiment with and nurture a creative practice Anyone interested in self-care and personal growth

Divination with the Tarot

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Publisher : Oshun Publications, LLC
ISBN 13 : 1956319670
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (563 download)

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Book Synopsis Divination with the Tarot by : Monique Joiner Siedlak

Download or read book Divination with the Tarot written by Monique Joiner Siedlak and published by Oshun Publications, LLC. This book was released on 2022-10-21 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It’s time to delve into the realm of tarot. Let the cards guide you through your life with the aid of this book. Gain an understanding of all situations of your life by discovering the hidden purpose in each tarot card. Discover what awaits you and how to conquer the challenges of your life through tarot readings. The cards will offer you the answers you seek and solutions to any obstacles you might encounter. Divination with the Tarot aims to help you choose your tarot deck and interpret both the upright and the reversed meanings of the 22 Major Arcana cards and 56 Minor Arcana cards. You’ll learn tarot readings are based primarily on intuition and developing a deep connection with your deck. The world of tarot may seem intimidating initially. Still, this guide will introduce you to everything you need to know about tarot reading. What questions can you ask your cards Tips for choosing your first deck How to cleanse and care for your deck Which spreads can you use for various types of readings And much more. If you have been wondering how to tap into your intuition, use it for tarot readings, and connect with your deck, you will find all the guidance you need in this book. With the help of Divination with the Tarot, you will do your first Tarot reading in no time.

Bioinformatic and Statistical Analysis of Microbiome Data

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031213912
Total Pages : 717 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioinformatic and Statistical Analysis of Microbiome Data by : Yinglin Xia

Download or read book Bioinformatic and Statistical Analysis of Microbiome Data written by Yinglin Xia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-16 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book addresses the bioinformatic and statistical modelling and also the analysis of microbiome data using cutting-edge QIIME 2 and R software. It covers core analysis topics in both bioinformatics and statistics, which provides a complete workflow for microbiome data analysis: from raw sequencing reads to community analysis and statistical hypothesis testing. It includes real-world data from the authors’ research and from the public domain, and discusses the implementation of QIIME 2 and R for data analysis step-by-step. The data as well as QIIME 2 and R computer programs are publicly available, allowing readers to replicate the model development and data analysis presented in each chapter so that these new methods can be readily applied in their own research. Bioinformatic and Statistical Analysis of Microbiome Data is an ideal book for advanced graduate students and researchers in the clinical, biomedical, agricultural, and environmental fields, as well as those studying bioinformatics, statistics, and big data analysis.

The Zenned Out Guide to Understanding Tarot

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Publisher : Rock Point Gift & Stationery
ISBN 13 : 1631067737
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis The Zenned Out Guide to Understanding Tarot by : Cassie Uhl

Download or read book The Zenned Out Guide to Understanding Tarot written by Cassie Uhl and published by Rock Point Gift & Stationery. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Zenned Out Guide to Understanding Tarot is your modern introduction to the Minor and Major Arcana of the tarot. Part of the Zenned Out series, this book includes easy-to-digest actionable steps to enable readers to get started right away.

Gastrointestinal Nutrients-Microbiome-Host Interactions in Livestock

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832544037
Total Pages : 616 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Gastrointestinal Nutrients-Microbiome-Host Interactions in Livestock by : Jinxin Liu

Download or read book Gastrointestinal Nutrients-Microbiome-Host Interactions in Livestock written by Jinxin Liu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-02-01 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Estuarine Research, Monitoring, and Resource Protection

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203495608
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Estuarine Research, Monitoring, and Resource Protection by : Michael J. Kennish

Download or read book Estuarine Research, Monitoring, and Resource Protection written by Michael J. Kennish and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-25 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ongoing growth of human populations within US coastal regions continues to increase habitat loss, eutrophication, organic loading, overfishing, and other anthropogenic stressors in estuarine waters. The National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) is a federally funded initiative that addresses these critical estuarine problems an

Vegetation Types of the Dieng Mountains and Their Influences on Bird and Mammalian Communities

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Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3736943261
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Vegetation Types of the Dieng Mountains and Their Influences on Bird and Mammalian Communities by : Siti Nurleily Marliana

Download or read book Vegetation Types of the Dieng Mountains and Their Influences on Bird and Mammalian Communities written by Siti Nurleily Marliana and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2013-01-21 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kurzbeschreibung Der Druck des Bevölkerungswachstums auf der indonesischen Insel Java hat zu gravierender Entwaldung und Schädigung von Wäldern geführt, so dass nur noch 8,2 Prozent der ursprünglichen Waldfläche in den Jahren 2006-2007 vorhanden waren. Der Bevölkerungsdruck ließ Javas Waldflächen durch Landumwandlung in Siedlungen und Äcker weiter schrumpfen und kleine, isolierte Waldstücke an Berggipfeln wie die in den Dieng Mountains übrig. Das in der Provinz Zentral-Java gelegene Dieng Mountains Ökosystem spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Bereitstellung einer breiten Palette von Waren und Dienstleistungen, insbesondere bei der Versorgung angrenzender Gebiete mit Süßwasser und beim Erhalt der biologischen Vielfalt. Allerdings leiden auch die Bergwälder in den Dieng Mountains in Folge des Bevölkerungsdrucks unter Abholzung. Schlechte landwirtschaftliche Anbaumethoden haben zum Auftreten von Pestizidbelastungen, zu einem hohen Maß an Erosion, Sedimentationen von Seen und Stauseen, Erdrutschen, Schlammlawinen und Überschwemmungen geführt. Waldbrände und illegaler Holzeinschlag, gefolgt von Landbeanspruchung und Wanderfeldbau, führten dazu, dass reife Bergwälder durch junge Sekundärvegetation ersetzt wurden. Wiederbewaldungen sind zu einem bedeutenden Vegetationstyp rund um das Dieng Plateau geworden, und angesichts der gegenwärtigen landwirtschaftlichen Anbaumethoden zeigt der Trend ihres Flächenausmaßes, dass sie auch in Zukunft fortbestehen werden. Bisher hat man sich wenig mit den Wiederbewaldungen in den Dieng Mountains beschäftigt; ihr Wert in Bezug auf die Funktionsweise von Ökosystemen und den Erhalt der biologische Vielfalt wurde nur unzureichend untersucht. Da Bergwälder der Dieng Mountains dafür bekannt sind, viele endemische und seltene Tier- und Pflanzenarten zu beherbergen, ist es wichtig zu verstehen, wie Tier- und Pflanzenarten in diesem Gebiet den Habitatwandel bewältigen. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit ist ein Versuch, Auswirkungen von Landnutzungsänderungen, die durch anthropogene Störungen hervorgerufen wurden, auf die lokale Flora und Fauna, speziell auf Vogel- und Säugetiergemeinschaften zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie sollen einen Überblick über den gegenwärtigen Zustand des Dieng Mountains Ökosystems geben und dazu beitragen, Informationslücken früherer Studien zu schließen. Diese Untersuchung soll zuständigen Politikern Wissen über den aktuellen Stand der Dieng Mountains bieten. Sie soll ihnen ermöglichen, ein wirksames Programm mit angemessenen Zielen zu entwickeln und geeignete Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, um die ökologischen Bedingungen der Dieng Mountains zu verbessern. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Entwicklung der Sekundärvegetation der Dieng Mountains stark von der Geschichte ihrer Landnutzung und von den Aufforstungsprogrammen der lokalen Regierung beeinflusst wurde. Die Vegetationsstruktur der Wälder und des Buschlandes der Dieng Mountains waren einander ähnlich. Sie kennzeichnete die typische einfache Struktur mit einem offenen Kronendach und dichtem Unterholz, die in der Regel in einem tropischen Sekundärwald vorgefunden wird. Auf Grünland kamen wenige Bäume vor; kein Anzeichen der Einwanderung von Bäumen wurde in diesem Lebensraum gefunden, trotz seiner unmittelbaren Nähe zu natürlichen Waldstücken. Die relativ niedrigen Anteile von Baumverjüngungen in allen Lebensräumen können den in diesen großen Höhen rauen Umgebungsbedingungen, den Auswirkungen von Kahlschlägen in der Vergangenheit sowie der Konkurrenz von Kräutern zugeschrieben werden. Der Einfluss menschlicher Aktivitäten in diesen Lebensräumen kann auch ein wichtiger Faktor sein, der die Erholung der Vegetation verlangsamt. Die Auswirkungen der Aufforstungen auf die Gestaltung der Zusammensetzung der Sekundärvegetation zeigten sich in der Dominanz der Baumarten, die im Laufe des Programms gepflanzt worden waren: die nicht einheimischen Arten Acacia decurrens und Cupressus sempervirens und die indonesische Bergart Schima wallichii. Der Pionierstrauch Melastoma affine, die Gräser Imperata cylindrica und Isachne globosa sowie die Ruderalarten Eupatorium odoratum, Eupatorium riparium, Buddleja asiatica, und Rubus rosaefolius dominierten die Unterholzvegetation. Insbesondere auf Grünland schien die Dominanz des kleinen Farns Gleichenia dichotoma das Wachstum der vorkommenden Grasarten zu unterdrücken, was zur Dominanz einer Krautart, der Conyza javanica, über Pioniergrasarten führte. Naturverjüngungen einheimischer indonesischer Baumarten wurden in einer relativ kleinen Zahl vorgefunden. Verglichen mit ähnlichen Studien in anderen Sekundärwäldern wurde in den Dieng Mountains eine wesentlich geringerer Reichtum an Pflanzenarten, vor allem an Gehölzarten festgestellt. Der Beitrag der Strauch- und Krautkategorien mit mehr als 80 Prozent an der gesamten botanischen Artenvielfalt zeigt den Mangel an Baumarten in unserem Forschungsgebiet an. Generell waren der Reichtum und die Diversität an Pflanzenarten im Buschland am höchsten. Der niedrigste Pflanzenartenreichtum wurde im Wald gefunden, während die geringste Diversität an Pflanzenarten auf Grünland verzeichnet wurde. Diese Ergebnisse können mit dem Grad von Störungen in jedem Lebensraumtyp zusammenhängen, wobei Buschland auf einem mittleren Niveau liegt. Die Ähnlichkeit der Zusammensetzung der Pflanzenarten war zwischen den Habitaten in jeder Kategorie sehr hoch. Dies deutet trotz des Altersunterschiedes zwischen beiden Lebensräumen darauf hin, dass Waldund Buschland noch in einem vergleichbaren Sukzessionsstadium waren, während sich Grünland wohl nicht zu Wald entwickeln wird. Wegen der anhaltenden Bevölkerungsausbreitung in den Dieng Mountains dürfte das Schicksal der sekundären Vegetation dieses Gebietes von dem Ausmaß zukünftiger Störungen durch den Menschen bestimmt werden. Vögel wurden in den verschiedenen Lebensräumen der Dieng Mountains in relativ geringen Dichten gefunden. Nach früheren Studien anderer Autoren sind niedrige Vogeldichten häufig in einer tropischen Landschaft, in der landwirtschaftliche Flächen und Flächen sekundärer Vegetation gemischt in mosaikartiger Verteilung vorliegen. Wald hatte von allen Lebensraumtypen die komplexeste Vegetationsstruktur, und er wies die höchste Dichte und die größte Artenvielfalt von Vögeln auf. Da Vogelabundanzen durch die Lebensraumtypen in ihrer Umgebung beeinflusst werden, kann die Nähe der Waldstücke zu den Urwaldresten auf den Berggipfeln positive Auswirkungen auf die Vogelpopulationen im Wald gehabt haben. Mit einer ähnlichen, aber weniger komplexen Vegetationsstruktur und -zusammensetzung als Wald wies das Buschland ein mittleres Niveau der Dichte und der Artendiversität der Avifauna auf. Trotz seines Mangels an mosaikartiger Heterogenität und des Vorhandenseins von nur einer kleinen Anzahl Bäume zwischen den Flurstücken hatten landwirtschaftliche Flächen die zweithöchste Vogeldichte. Mögliche Ursachen hierfür sind die Nähe von landwirtschaftlichen Flächen zu städtischen Gebieten und zu Buschland mit seinen Randstrukturen holziger Gewächse; diese Faktoren sind dafür bekannt, positive Auswirkungen auf die Abundanz und Artendiversität von Vögeln zu haben. Grünland wies die geringste Artenanzahl, Artendiversität und Vogeldichte auf. Die gesamte Anzahl der Vogelarten in unserem Untersuchungsgebiet war gering im Vergleich zur Anzahl Vogelarten einer früheren Studie, die auch in den Dieng Mountains durchgeführt worden war. Allerdings war die Vogelwelt in unserer Untersuchung sehr heterogen, so dass es wahrscheinlich ist, dass die tatsächliche Artenzahl deutlich höher als die erfasste war. Die meisten der erfassten Vogelarten haben eine niedrige bis mittlere Abhängigkeit von Wald und können ihre Ansprüche in einer breiten Palette von Lebensräumen decken; es wurden nur sechs Vogelarten erfasst, die vom Wald abhängig sind. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass das Dieng Mountains Ökosystem in seinem gegenwärtigen Zustand die Lebensraumansprüche von Populationen verschiedene Vogelarten decken kann. Das beruht vor allem auf dem Vorhandensein von Sekundärvegetation, die als Ersatzhabitat für waldabhängige Arten fungiert. Allerdings wird das Fortdauern dieses Zustandes hauptsächlich von der zukünftigen Ausweitung der Landwirtschaft abhängen. Eine Ausweitung der Agrarlandschaft wird letztendlich die Abundanz und die Vielfalt von Vögeln in den Dieng Mountains verringern. Lässt man es zu, dass sich die Sekundärvegetation zu einer Klimaxgesellschaft entwickelt, so wird die Abundanz und Artendiversität von Vögeln zunehmen. Ähnlich positive Wirkungen kann nach unserer Einschätzung zukünftig die bislang im Untersuchungsgebiet noch nicht praktizierte Agroforstwirtschaft entfalten. Letztendlich muss der Zustand des Dieng Mountains Ökosystems verbessert werden, um seine Eignung als Lebensraum für seine einheimische Vogelwelt sicher zu stellen. Dreizehn kleine bis mittelgroße Säugetierarten wurden in unserem Untersuchungsgebiet mittels direkter Bestandsaufnahmen und Interviews erfasst. Zwei Arten, der schwarze Haubenlangur Trachypithecus auratus und der Java-Leopard Panthera Pardus melas wurden in der Roten Liste der IUCN als gefährdet bzw. vom Aussterben bedroht eingestuft. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Sekundärvegetation der Dieng Mountains noch einen geeigneten Lebensraum für die Säugetiergemeinschaft aufwies, wobei im Wald und im Buschland jeweils ein viel höherer Artenreichtum herrschte als auf Grünland. Der Artenreichtum an Säugetieren war auf Ackerland fast so hoch wie im Wald und im Buschland, was bedeutet, dass die landwirtschaftlichen Flächen mit ihren angebauten Kulturen Nahrungshabitate für die meisten Säugetierarten in den Dieng Mountains bot. Die Mehrheit der aufgeführten Arten waren Lebensraumgeneralisten und fähig, sich an gestörte Umgebungen anzupassen. Hiervon sind zwei Primatenarten ausgenommen, der Javaneraffe Macaca fascicularis und der schwarze Haubenlangur Trachypithecus auratus, deren Lebensraum nur auf Wald beschränkt war. Die Ergebnisse der Habitatpräferenzanalysen von vier Arten, die direkt erfasst worden waren, waren bei drei Arten mangels ausreichender Daten wenig aussagekräftig. Das Wildschwein Sus scrofa zeigte eine signifikante Präferenz für Wald und Wiesen, es mied Buschland bei der Nahrungssuche. Die Mitglieder der Säugetiergemeinschaft spielen anscheinend eine wichtige Rolle als Samenverbreiter bei der Erholung der Wälder der Dieng Mountains, und wir erhoffen uns, dass diese Studie als Grundlage für die Schaffung eines wirksamen Naturschutzplans zur Verbesserung des Dieng Mountains Ökosystems dient. Betrachtet man den Trend der menschlichen Bevölkerungsexpansion und die Landnutzungsmuster in den Dieng Mountains, mag das Schicksal der Wälder und der Tierwelt in diesem Gebiet vor allem durch die Höhe zukünftiger Störungen durch Menschen bestimmt werden. Günstigenfalls kann sich eine wechselseitige Beziehung zwischen Wald und den Menschen, die ihn nutzen, entwickeln, was ein nachhaltiges Management von Wald und Landschaft zur Folge haben könnte. Weitere Forschung ist notwendig, um die Folgen der landwirtschaftlichen Praktiken in den Dieng Mountains, einschließlich der Auswirkungen von Pestiziden und Düngemitteln auf die Wildbestände, zu untersuchen. Description The pressure from population growth in Indonesia’s Java Island has resulted in grave deforestation and forest degradation, leaving only 8.2 percent of forest cover remaining in 2006-2007. Population pressure continued to shrink Java’s forest cover through land conversion into settlement areas and agricultural fields, leaving small, isolated forest patches situated on mountain tops, like the ones found in the Dieng Mountains. Located in Central Java Province, Indonesia, the Dieng Mountains ecosystem has an important role in providing a wide range of goods and services, especially in supplying freshwater to its adjacent areas and maintaining biodiversity. However, the montane forests in the Dieng Mountains suffer from degradation caused by population pressure. Poor farming practices have resulted in the occurrence of pesticide pollution, a high level of erosion, soil sedimentation in lakes and reservoirs, landslides, and mud floods. Forest fires, illegal logging, forest looting, followed by land encroachment and shifting cultivation, have replaced the mature montane forests with young secondary vegetation. Regrowth forests have become the major vegetation type surrounding the Dieng Plateau, and with current farming practices, the trend of their formation indicates that they will persist into the future. So far, little has been done to deal with regrowth forests in the Dieng Mountains, and their value in terms of ecosystem functioning and biodiversity preservation has been insufficiently studied. Since the Dieng montane forests are known to harbor many endemic and rare wildlife species, it is important to understand how wildlife species in this area cope with habitat change. This research is an attempt to examine the impact of land use change resulting from humaninduced disturbances to the local flora and fauna, specifically to bird and mammal communities. The results of this research will provide an overview of the present condition of the Dieng Mountains ecosystem and help to fill in the information gaps left by previous studies. This research will provide policymakers with knowledge of the current state of the Dieng Mountains, allowing them to develop an effective program with reasonable goals and take appropriate actions in their effort to improve the ecological conditions of the Dieng Mountains. Vegetation data were collected in habitats that represent various ages of second-growth vegetation, namely woodland, shrubland, and grassland. A stratified systematic sampling with a random start was used to collect data on various growthforms of plant species. Vegetation parameters (i.e. species density, dominance, diameter class distribution) were then calculated. Plant species richness and diversity, and stands similarity were analyzed using SPADE. The bird census was carried out in the same locations chosen for vegetation surveys using the point transect distance method, with additional data collections in agricultural land. The results were then analyzed using the programs DISTANCE 6.0 release 2 for estimating the bird densities, and SPADE for estimating bird species richness and diversity. Surveys of mammal signs were also carried out in the same locations chosen for vegetation surveys and bird censuses by using a strip transect of 2-m width, crisscrossing the habitats in a random direction. Mammal species richness and the habitat preference of each species were then analyzed. In addition, interviews with local people were also conducted to gather supplementary information regarding the mammalian community in the Dieng Mountains. Our results show that the development of the secondary vegetation of the Dieng Mountains was highly influenced by its land use history and reforestation programs run by the local government. The vegetation structure of woodland and shrubland of the Dieng Mountains were similar, characterized with the typical simple structure normally found in a tropical secondary forest, an open canopy, and dense undergrowth. Few trees populated the grassland; no sign of tree invasion was found in this habitat, despite its close proximity to natural forest patches. The relatively low tree regenerations in all the habitats may be attributed to harsh environmental conditions caused by the high altitudinal location and the impact of forest clearings in the past, as well as competition with herbs. The effect of human activities in those habitats may also be an important factor slowing down the vegetation recovery. The impact of reforestations in shaping the floristic composition of the secondary vegetation was seen in the domination of tree species planted during the course of the program: the non-native species Acacia decurrens and Cupressus sempervirens, and Indonesian mountain species Schima wallichii. Pioneer shrub species Melastoma affine and grass Imperata cylindrica and Isachne globosa, as well as ruderal species Eupatorium odoratum, Eupatorium riparium, Buddleja asiatica, and Rubus rosaefolius dominated the undergrowth vegetation. Specifically in grassland, the small fern Gleichenia dichotoma’s domination seemed to suppress the growth of coexisting grass species, leading to the domination of a herb species, Conyza javanica, over pioneer grass species. Native Indonesian tree species were discovered as natural regrowth in a relatively small number. Compared with similar studies in other secondary forests, the richness of plant species found in the Dieng Mountains was considerably lower, especially that of woody plants. The contribution of the shrub and herb categories to more than 80 percent of the total species richness indicates the scarcity of tree species in our research area. In general, plant species richness and diversity were found highest in shrubland. The lowest species richness was found in woodland, while the lowest plant species diversity was recorded in grassland. These results may be related to the level of disturbance in each habitat, which shrubland experienced at an intermediate level. The similarity of plant species composition among habitats in each category was very high. This suggests that woodland and shrubland were still in a comparable stage of succession, despite the age difference between both habitats, while grassland may not succeed in developing into a forest. Considering the trend of population expansion in the Dieng Mountains, the fate of the secondary vegetation in this area may be determined by the level of future interference by humans. In various habitats in the Dieng Mountains, birds were found in relatively low densities. Based on previous studies by other authors, the occurrence of birds in low densities is common in a tropical landscape in which farmland and secondary vegetation are mixed into mosaics. The woodland of the Dieng Mountains, which had the most complex vegetation structure compared with the other habitat types, bore the highest bird density and species diversity. As bird assemblages are influenced by their surrounding habitat types, the bird populations in woodland may have been positively affected by woodland’s proximity to the patches of remnant forests on the mountain tops. With a similar, yet less complex vegetation structure and composition than woodland, shrubland had an intermediate level of bird density and species diversity. Despite its lack of mosaic heterogeneity and the presence of only a small number of trees between plots, agricultural land placed second in bird density. Possible causes for this include the proximity of agricultural land to urban areas and its adjacency to shrubland, which provided woody edge habitat; these factors are known to have positive effects on bird abundance and diversity. Grassland had the lowest species richness, species diversity, and bird density. The overall bird species diversity in our study area was low compared with the number of bird species listed in a previous study that also took place in the Dieng Mountains in 2001. However, the bird community was highly heterogeneous, making it likely that the actual species richness was considerably higher than the observed one. Most of the bird species encountered have a low to medium dependency on forest and a broad range of habitat suitability; only six forest-dependent species were recorded. Our results suggest that in its current state, the Dieng Mountains ecosystem can still meet the needs of various bird species populations. This is mainly because of the presence of secondary vegetation, which functions as a substitute habitat for forest-dependent species. However, the persistence of this condition will depend mainly on future agricultural expansion. An expanding agricultural landscape will eventually reduce the abundance and diversity of birds in the Dieng Mountains. Allowing the secondary vegetation to develop into a climax community will increase avian abundance and species diversity. Agroforestry, not yet widely practiced in the study area, also has the potential to have similar positive effects on the avifauna. Nevertheless, the condition of the Dieng Mountains ecosystem still needs to be improved to assure its suitability as a habitat for its native avifauna. Thirteen small to medium-sized mammal species were recorded in our study area through direct surveys and interviews. Two species, the Javan langur Trachypithecus auratus and Javan leopard Panthera pardus melas, were categorized as vulnerable and critically endangered, respectively, under the IUCN Red List. Our results suggest that the second-growth vegetation of the Dieng Mountains still provided a suitable habitat for the mammalian community, with woodland and shrubland each supporting much higher species richness than grassland. The species richness observed in agricultural land was almost as high as that of woodland and shrubland, implying that agricultural land with ist cultivated crops provided food and habitat for most mammal species in the Dieng Mountains. The majority of species listed were habitat generalists and capable of adapting to disturbed environments, except for two primate species, the long-tailed macaque Macaca fascicularis and Javan langur, whose habitat was confined only to woodland. The results of habitat preference analyses of mammal species recorded directly in the field were mostly inconclusive, owing to the lack of sufficient data. The most meaningful result was with the wild boar Sus scrofa, which showed a significant preference towards woodland and grassland, while avoiding shrubland for foraging. With their function as seed dispersers, the mammalian community’s members play important roles in the Dieng Mountains forest recovery, and therefore we expect this study to serve as a basis for establishing an effective conservation plan towards the improvement of the Dieng Mountains ecosystem. Considering the trend of human population expansion and land use patterns in the Dieng Mountains, the fate of forests and wildlife in this area may mostly be determined by the level of future interference by humans. At best, a mutual relationship can develop between the forest and humans utilizing it, which would give rise to sustainable forest and landscape management. Further research is needed to study the consequences of agricultural practices in the Dieng Mountains, including the effects of pesticides and fertilizers on wildlife populations.

Molecular Physiology in Molluscs, Volume II

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889765466
Total Pages : 294 pages
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Book Synopsis Molecular Physiology in Molluscs, Volume II by : Xiaotong Wang

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Rising stars in microbiome in health and disease: 2022

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ISBN 13 : 2832523951
Total Pages : 125 pages
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Book Synopsis Rising stars in microbiome in health and disease: 2022 by : Ping Li

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The tumor and microenvironment crosstalk in breast cancer: From biology to therapeutic opportunity

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ISBN 13 : 2832543278
Total Pages : 174 pages
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Book Synopsis The tumor and microenvironment crosstalk in breast cancer: From biology to therapeutic opportunity by : Marta Truffi

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Immune pathogenesis of intestinal inflammatory diseases

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ISBN 13 : 283251037X
Total Pages : 329 pages
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Book Synopsis Immune pathogenesis of intestinal inflammatory diseases by : Xia Xiong

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Advances in detection and control of post-harvest pathogens

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ISBN 13 : 2832524729
Total Pages : 168 pages
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Book Synopsis Advances in detection and control of post-harvest pathogens by : Khamis Youssef

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Unearthing and Harnessing the Power of the Soil Microbiome and Mycorrhizas to Enhance Plant Nutrient Utilization Under Climate Stress

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Book Synopsis Unearthing and Harnessing the Power of the Soil Microbiome and Mycorrhizas to Enhance Plant Nutrient Utilization Under Climate Stress by : Marika Pellegrini

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Animal social behaviour and gut microbiome

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ISBN 13 : 2832532950
Total Pages : 260 pages
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