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The 1993 Conference On Social Security And Pension Fund Reform In Latin America March 7 9 1993 La Jolla California
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Book Synopsis The 1993 Conference on Social Security and Pension Fund Reform in Latin America, March 7-9, 1993, La Jolla, California by :
Download or read book The 1993 Conference on Social Security and Pension Fund Reform in Latin America, March 7-9, 1993, La Jolla, California written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pension Reform in Latin America by : Armando Barrientos
Download or read book Pension Reform in Latin America written by Armando Barrientos and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1998, this volume initially focused on Chilean pension reform, on which the author has published elsewhere, before moving onto Latin America more widely, with coverage extending from 1990 to the reform in Costa Rica and the Mexican pension reform in 1997. It emerged in the wake of reforms including in Peru (1993), Argentina and Colombia (1994) and Uruguay (1996). Particular focus is given to the new individual capitalization pension plans, along with arguments on the ignoring of pension schemes and its consequences, the connection of pension schemes to the labour market and the impact of pension schemes on the least advantaged. The Chilean model in particular has received praise from the IMF and the World Bank and these Latin American pension reforms will be of interest as a paradigm for other countries.
Book Synopsis Keeping the Promise of Social Security in Latin America by : Indermit S. Gill
Download or read book Keeping the Promise of Social Security in Latin America written by Indermit S. Gill and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004-10-25 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical analysis of two decades of pioneering pension and social security reform in Latin America and the Caribbean shows that much has been achieved, but that critical challenges remain. In tackling this unfinished agenda, a great deal can be learned from the reform experience of countries in the region. 'Keeping the Promise,' produced by the chief economist's office for the Latin America and Caribbean region at the World Bank, evaluates policy reforms in 12 countries, points to successes and shortcomings, and proposes priorities and options for future reform.
Book Synopsis Reassembling Social Security by : Carmelo Mesa-Lago
Download or read book Reassembling Social Security written by Carmelo Mesa-Lago and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-31 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reform of social security pensions and healthcare is a key issue for the modern world, and in many ways Latin America has acted as a social laboratory for the reform of these systems. This is the first book to comprehensively study these influential reforms in Latin America's pension and health care systems.
Book Synopsis Pension Reform in Latin America and Its Lessons for International Policymakers by : Tapen Sinha
Download or read book Pension Reform in Latin America and Its Lessons for International Policymakers written by Tapen Sinha and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The experience of privatization of social security has been predominantly in the Latin American region. Eight countries have undertaken either full or partial privatization of pensions: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. What did the policymakers expect? Were expectations realized? Can we learn anything from the collective experience of these countries? Can they be applied to other countries that are aspiring to privatize? How did the World Bank and other international institutions affect these policies? Pension Reform in Latin America and Its Lessons for International Policymakers analyzes in detail these important questions. The book begins with a detailed account of economic conditions in Latin America. It then discusses various models that policymakers rely on. Starting with a purely demographic model, it lays out advanced models of overlapping generations of Samuelson. The book gives extensive details of privatized pensions in each of the eight reforming countries. Two chapters are devoted to analyzing the reform in each country. Finally, detailed lessons are drawn that will help shape the debate for policymakers in other countries.
Book Synopsis A Quarter Century of Pension Reform in Latin America and the Caribbean by : Carolin A. Crabbe
Download or read book A Quarter Century of Pension Reform in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Carolin A. Crabbe and published by IDB. This book was released on 2005 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CLASicos written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social Protection and the Market in Latin America by : Sarah M. Brooks
Download or read book Social Protection and the Market in Latin America written by Sarah M. Brooks and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-11-03 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social security institutions have been among the most stable post-war social programs around the world. Increasingly, however, these institutions have undergone profound transformation from public risk-pooling systems to individual market-based designs. Why has this 'privatization' occurred? Why do some governments enact more radical pension privatizations than others? This book provides a theoretical and empirical account of when and to what degree governments privatize national old-age pension systems. Quantitative cross-national analysis simulates the degree of pension privatization around the world and tests competing hypotheses to explain reform outcomes. In addition, comparative analysis of pension reforms in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Uruguay evaluate a causal theory of institutional change. The central argument is that pension privatization emerges from political conflict, rather than from exogenous pressures. The argument is developed around three dimensions: the double bind of globalization, contingent path-dependent processes, and the legislative politics of loss imposition.
Book Synopsis Do Options Exist ? by : Maria Amparo Cruz-Saco
Download or read book Do Options Exist ? written by Maria Amparo Cruz-Saco and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2010-11-23 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume brings together specialists on the reform of social security systems to analyze the similarities and differences of those health care and pension reforms that have taken place since the early 1990s and suggests possible gains through recent or contemplated revisions to those systems.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Pension Reform by : Evelyne Huber
Download or read book The Political Economy of Pension Reform written by Evelyne Huber and published by Conran Octopus. This book was released on 2000 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since pension schemes-along with health care and education-absorb the largest amount of social expenditure in all countries, their reform has a potentially major impact both on the fiscal situation of the state and on the life chances of citizens who stand to win or lose from new arrangements. This makes pension reform a highly controversial issue; and, except for the addition of new programmes and benefits, major restructuring of existing pension systems has been extremely rare in advanced industrial democracies. It was also rare in Latin America before the 1980s and 1990s. But there has been a great deal of experimentation within the region during the past decade. This paper examines the larger economic, social and political context of Latin American pension reform and compares experiences in different countries of the region with options available in Western European societies during the same period. The authors argue that the type of pension reform undertaken in Latin America has been an integral part of the structural adjustment programmes pursued by Latin American governments, under the guidance of international financial institutions (IFIs). Although there was a range of possible remedies to the problems of pension systems in different Latin American countries, neo-liberal reformers and the international financial institutions preferred privatization over all others. They claimed that privatization would be superior to other kinds of reform in ensuring the financial viability of pension systems, making them more efficient, establishing a closer link between contributions and benefits and promoting the development of capital markets-thus increasing savings and investment. And they were able to push through some of their suggestions for reform in spite of considerable opposition from pensioners, trade unions and opposition political parties. Interestingly enough, their pressure proved least effective in the more democratic countries of the region. In Costa Rica, for example, citizens preferred to reform the public system-eliminating the last pockets of privilege for public sector workers and ensuring that new levels of contribution would be adequate to provide minimum benefits for the aged and infirm. In Uruguay, citizens forced a public referendum, through which they rejected a proposal for privatization. At a later stage, they did permit the introduction of private investment accounts, but not at the cost of eliminating the public programme. In Argentina and Peru, after the legislature refused to authorize partial privatization, this was eventually pushed through by presidential decree. Only in Chile and Mexico has there been a complete shift to private pension funds-but, in both cases, influential sectors of the elite, including the military, have been allowed to keep their previous, publicly managed group funds. Looking at the only privatized pension system in existence long enough to allow for some assessment of its consequences-that of Chile-the authors find that many of the claims made by supporters of privatization are not substantiated by the evidence. The first discrepancy between neo-liberal predictions and the reality of Chilean pension reform has to do with efficiency. All previous claims to the contrary, private individual accounts have proven more expensive to manage than collective claims. In fact, according to the Inter-American Development Bank, by the mid-1990s administration of the Chilean system was the most expensive in Latin America. The second disproved claim involves yield. When administrative costs are discounted, privately held and administered pension funds in Chile show an average annual real return of 5.1 per cent between 1982 and 1998. Furthermore high fees and commissions-charged at a flat rate on all accounts-have proven highly regressive. When levied against a relatively modest retirement account, for example, these standard fees reduced the amount available to the account holder by approximately 18 per cent. When applied to the deposit of an individual investing 10 times more, the reduction was slightly less than 1 per cent. The third discrepancy involves competition. Although it was assumed that efficiency within the private pension fund industry would be associated with renewed competitiveness-while the public pension system represented monopoly-the private sector has in fact become highly concentrated. The three largest pension fund administrators in Chile handle 70 per cent of the insured. And to reduce advertising costs, public regulators are limiting the number of transfers among companies that any individual can make. A fourth unfulfilled promise of privatization in Chile has to do with expansion of coverage. It was assumed that the existence of private accounts would increase incentives for people to take part in the pension sc heme, but in fact this has not happened. Coverage and compliance rates have remained virtually constant. A fifth major claim was that the conversion of the public pension system into privately held and administered accounts would strengthen capital markets, savings and investment. But a number of studies have recently concluded that, at best, this effect has been marginal. And finally, the dimension of gender equity within a fully privatized pension scheme is being subjected to increasing scrutiny. Women typically earn less money and work fewer years than men. Therefore, since pension benefits in private systems are strictly determined by the overall amount of money contributed to them, women are likely to receive considerably lower benefits. Public pension systems, in contrast, have the possibility of introducing credits for childcare that reduce this disadvantage. Sweden is an example of countries that have embarked on this course. In the latter part of the paper, Huber and Stephens widen their comparative framework to include recent pension reforms in advanced industrial countries. There, where economic crisis was not as severe and where pressure from international financial institutions was not significant, much broader options for reform were available. In fact, although long-established systems were under stress, no developed country opted for complete privatization. Complex measures were taken to strengthen the funding base of national pension systems, including changes in investment procedures and changes in rules for calculating pension benefits. Reforms also increased retirement age, as well as the number of years required to qualify for a full pension. But even the most thoroughgoing reforms retained a central role for public schemes in ensuring old-age benefits. In conclusion, the authors consider steps that can be taken to craft pension reforms with more desirable results than those obtained to date in Latin America. They recommend measures that address the problem of an aging population by increasing the ability of each generation to pay for its own pensions-rather than relying primarily on the contributions of preceding generations of insured workers. Pension payments should be invested in a variety of financial instruments and benefits must ultimately be related to the yields obtained. Such a strategy does not require introduction of privately managed, individually held, investment funds. On the contrary, risk is lessened by relying instead on collectively managed funds, in which accounts can either be identified with individuals or-more equitably-with generations of contributors. Reformed public pension systems should also contain minimum "citizenship pensions" that guarantee subsistence income in old age to all individuals as a matter of right. Such a measure, financed from general tax revenue rather than from personal contributions, is not beyond the means of medium income countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. In fact, some Nordic countries introduced citizenship pensions when their GNP per capita was lower than that of most Latin American countries today.
Book Synopsis Social Security in Latin America by : William Paul McGreevey
Download or read book Social Security in Latin America written by William Paul McGreevey and published by Washington, D.C. : World Bank. This book was released on 1990 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study reviews the findings of a number of background papers on social security in Latin America, sector work, and a series of three meetings of experts that explored the major issues facing social security institutions. In Latin America, social security institutes have been competently managed for the most part and have a proven record of successfully delivering social services to their members. The central theme of this report is the great, and largely untapped, potential of social security institutions to relieve poverty in Latin America. By taking advantage of the positive characteristics of these institutions and repairing at least some of the efficiency problems, countries could achieve an enhanced level of income security for the aged, better coverage of basic health services, and wider protection from economic disasters for the whole population. A wider revenue base would accommodate an increase in coverage of the population if combined with a prudently designed benefit package. There is ample evidence from countries in the region that have experimented with such reforms that they can be made, and that they are desirable and feasible on economic grounds. Political feasibility is more difficult to assess but can be enhanced by well informed, carefully designed reforms.
Book Synopsis The New Logic of Social Security Reform by : Raúl L. Madrid
Download or read book The New Logic of Social Security Reform written by Raúl L. Madrid and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pension Reform in Latin America by : Sri-Ram Aiyer
Download or read book Pension Reform in Latin America written by Sri-Ram Aiyer and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social Security Issues in Developing Countries by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Social Security Issues in Developing Countries written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1988-02-22 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper surveys the major economic, financial, and administrative issues that confront social security systems in Latin America. The larger systems have contributed substantially to public sector financial disequilibria. Expenditures of the younger systems with more limited coverage could increase dramatically as the pension plan matures, life expectancy increases, and coverage is broadened, but the narrow revenue base will force a tradeoff between broader coverage and the generosity of benefits. Most plans are pay-as-you-go, and the case for full or partial funding is not found to be compelling. The inflationary environment can have a substantial effect on the financial balance, even under full indexation.
Book Synopsis Social Security Systems in Latin America by : Francisco E. B. Oliveira
Download or read book Social Security Systems in Latin America written by Francisco E. B. Oliveira and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: But Latin America now faces economic and social challenges that are forcing policymakers to find ways to reform social security. Insufficient funding and a lack of incentive to improve quality and efficiency have compromised many programs, and today they often do not reach those who most urgently need them. Large deficits, low contribution rates, widespread tax evasion, and increasing insolvency exacerbate the problem.
Book Synopsis The Power Struggles over the Post-neoliberal Social Security System Reforms in Venezuela and Ecuador by : Ezequiel Luis Bistoletti
Download or read book The Power Struggles over the Post-neoliberal Social Security System Reforms in Venezuela and Ecuador written by Ezequiel Luis Bistoletti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-25 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book carries out a comparative analysis of the power struggles over the post-neoliberal social security reforms in Venezuela and Ecuador. The research breaks down why the social security system reform initiated by Hugo Chávez’ government in Venezuela has come down since its passing in 2002, whereas the social security system reform initiated by Rafael Correa’s government in Ecuador has come along in spite of the obstacles since 2007. All in all, the analysis determined that the struggles over the social security system reforms in both countries remarkably corresponded to each other with regard to their structural conditions, points of contention, and contending actors. In contrast, the analysis established substantial divergences regarding the ways in which the struggles over both reforms came about, due to the divergent development of the struggles for hegemony between government and opposition. These divergences finally brought about the indefinite stagnation of the reform in Venezuela and the advancement of subsequent partial reforms aimed at the universalization of social security in Ecuador.
Book Synopsis Social Protection in Latin America by : Armando Barrientos
Download or read book Social Protection in Latin America written by Armando Barrientos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: