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Author : Giancarlo Moschini
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (478 download)
Download or read book Testing for Constant Hedge Ratios in Commodity Markets written by Giancarlo Moschini and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Brajesh Kumar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Hedging Effectiveness of Constant and Time Varying Hedge Ratio in Indian Stock and Commodity Futures Markets written by Brajesh Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines hedging effectiveness of futures contract on a financial asset and commodities in Indian markets. In an emerging market context like India, the growth of capital and commodity futures market would depend on effectiveness of derivatives in managing risk. For managing risk, understanding optimal hedge ratio is critical for devising effective hedging strategy. We estimate dynamic and constant hedge ratio for Samp;P CNX Nifty index futures, Gold futures and Soybean futures. Various models (OLS, VAR, and VECM) are used to estimate constant hedge ratio. To estimate dynamic hedge ratios, we use VAR-MGARCH. We compare in-sample and out-of-sample performance of these models in reducing portfolio risk. It is found that in most of the cases, VAR-MGARCH model estimates of time varying hedge ratio provide highest variance reduction as compared to hedges based on constant hedge ratio. Our results are consistent with findings of Myers (1991), Baillie and Myers (1991), Park and Switzer (1995a,b), Lypny and Powella (1998), Kavussanos and Nomikos (2000), Yang (2001), and Floros and Vougas (2006).
Author : Richard Baillie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Modeling Commodity Price Distributions and Estimating the Optimal Futures Hedge written by Richard Baillie and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sheraz Ahmed
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Effectiveness of Time-Varying Hedge Ratio with Constant Conditional Correlation written by Sheraz Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrates how hedging methodologies can be evaluated in a modern risk management context and provides a hedging effectiveness of dynamic hedge ratios. The results provide an indication of the superior performance of the time varying hedge ratio as compared with traditional constant ratio. Time varying hedge ratio estimated by CCC-GARCH model shows a clear advantage over linear regression based constant hedge ratio in minimizing the variance (risk) of portfolio returns over the whole 10 years of analysis. The time-varying hedge ratio estimated in our study provides an efficient measure for bond investors to maximize the value of their investments by changing positions in both spot and future markets of U.S. Treasuries with the change in actual yields of cash market. The results are robust in the sense that constant conditional correlation model does take account of the conditional heteroskedasticity present in the data in case of spot market.
Author : Su Dai
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3656539219
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (565 download)
Download or read book Hedging with Commodity Futures written by Su Dai and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-11-12 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,7, University of Mannheim, language: English, abstract: The commodity futures contract is an agreement to deliver a specific amount of commodity at a future time . There are usually choices of deliverable grades, delivery locations and delivery dates. Hedging belongs to one of the fundamental functions of futures market. Futures can be used to help producers and buyers protect themselves from price risk arising from many factors. For instance, in crude oil commodities, price risk occurs due to disrupted oil supply as a consequence of political issues, increasing of demand in emerging markets, turnaround in energy policy from the fossil fuel to the solar and efficient energy, etc. By hedging with futures, producers and users can set the prices they will receive or pay within a fixed range. A hedger takes a short position if he/she sells futures contracts while owning the underlying commodity to be delivered; a long position if he/she purchases futures contracts. The commonly known basis is defined as the difference between the futures and spot prices, which is mostly time-varying and mean-reverting. Due to such basis risk, a naïve hedging (equal and opposite) is unlikely to be effective. With the popularity of commodity futures, how to determine and implement the optimal hedging strategy has become an important issue in the field of risk management. Hedging strategies have been intensively studied since the 1960s. One of the most popular approaches to hedging is to quantify risk as variance, known as minimum-variance (MV) hedging. This hedging strategy is based on Markowitz portfolio theory, resting on the result that “a weighted portfolio of two assets will have a variance lower than the weighted average variance of the two individual assets, as long as the two assets are not perfectly and positively correlated.” MV strategy is quite well accepted, however, it ignores the expected return of the hedged portfolio and the risk preference of investors. Other hedging models with different objective functions have been studied intensively in hedging literature. Due to the conceptual simplicity, the value at risk (VaR) and conditional value at risk (C)VaR have been adopted as the hedging risk objective function. [...]
Author : Walter C. Labys
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351917080
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)
Download or read book Modeling and Forecasting Primary Commodity Prices written by Walter C. Labys and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent economic growth in China and other Asian countries has led to increased commodity demand which has caused price rises and accompanying price fluctuations not only for crude oil but also for the many other raw materials. Such trends mean that world commodity markets are once again under intense scrutiny. This book provides new insights into the modeling and forecasting of primary commodity prices by featuring comprehensive applications of the most recent methods of statistical time series analysis. The latter utilize econometric methods concerned with structural breaks, unobserved components, chaotic discovery, long memory, heteroskedasticity, wavelet estimation and fractional integration. Relevant tests employed include neural networks, correlation dimensions, Lyapunov exponents, fractional integration and rescaled range. The price forecasting involves structural time series trend plus cycle and cyclical trend models. Practical applications focus on the price behaviour of more than twenty international commodity markets.
Author : Geoffrey Poitras
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136262601
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)
Download or read book Commodity Risk Management written by Geoffrey Poitras and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commodity Risk Management goes beyond just an introductory treatment of derivative securities, dealing with more advanced topics and approaching the subject matter from a unique perspective. At its core lies the concept that commodity risk management decisions require an in-depth understanding of speculative strategies, and vice versa. The book offers readers a unified treatment of important concepts and techniques that are useful in applying derivative securities in the management of risk in commodity markets. While some of these techniques are well known and fairly common, Poitras offers applications to specific situations and links to speculative trading strategies - extensions of the material that not only are hard to come by, but helpful to both the academic and the practitioner. The book is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the general framework for commodity risk management, the second part focuses on the use of derivative security contracts in commodity risk management, and the third part deals with applications to three specific situations. As a textbook, this book is designed to appeal to classes at a senior undergraduate/MBA/MA levelof training in Finance, financial economics, actuarial science, management science, agriculturaleconomics and accounting. There will also be interest for the book as: a monograph for research libraries, a handbook for individuals working in the commodity risk management industry, and a guidebook for those in the general public interested in topics like farm risk management or the assessment of hedging practices of publicly-traded commodity producers.
Author : Nikos K. Nomikos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Constant Versus Time Varying Hedge Ratios and Hedging Efficiency in the Biffex Market written by Nikos K. Nomikos and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates time-varying and constant hedge ratios, and investigates their performance in reducing freight rate risk in routes 1 and 1A of the Baltic Freight Index. Time-varying hedge ratios are generated by a bivariate error correction model with a GARCH error structure. We also introduce an augmented GARCH (GARCH-X) model where the error correction term enters in the specification of the conditional covariance matrix. This specification links the concept of disequilibrium (as proxied by the magnitude of the error correction term) with that of uncertainty (as reflected in the time varying second moments of spot and futures prices). In- and out-of-sample tests reveal that the GARCH-X specification provides greater risk reduction than a simple GARCH and a constant hedge ratio. However, it fails to eliminate the riskiness of the spot position to the extent evidenced in other markets in the literature. This is thought to be the result of the heterogeneous composition of the underlying index. It seems that restructuring the composition of the Baltic Freight Index (BFI) so as to reflect homogeneous shipping routes may increase the hedging e�tiveness of the futures contract. This by itself indicates that the imminent introduction of the Baltic Panamax Index (BPI) as the underlying asset of the Baltic International Financial Futures Exchange (BIFFEX) contract is likely to have a beneficial impact on the market.
Author : Carol Alexander
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470997990
Total Pages : 1691 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (79 download)
Download or read book Market Risk Analysis, Boxset written by Carol Alexander and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-24 with total page 1691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Market Risk Analysis is the most comprehensive, rigorous and detailed resource available on market risk analysis. Written as a series of four interlinked volumes each title is self-contained, although numerous cross-references to other volumes enable readers to obtain further background knowledge and information about financial applications. Volume I: Quantitative Methods in Finance covers the essential mathematical and financial background for subsequent volumes. Although many readers will already be familiar with this material, few competing texts contain such a complete and pedagogical exposition of all the basic quantitative concepts required for market risk analysis. There are six comprehensive chapters covering all the calculus, linear algebra, probability and statistics, numerical methods and portfolio mathematics that are necessary for market risk analysis. This is an ideal background text for a Masters course in finance. Volume II: Practical Financial Econometrics provides a detailed understanding of financial econometrics, with applications to asset pricing and fund management as well as to market risk analysis. It covers equity factor models, including a detailed analysis of the Barra model and tracking error, principal component analysis, volatility and correlation, GARCH, cointegration, copulas, Markov switching, quantile regression, discrete choice models, non-linear regression, forecasting and model evaluation. Volume III: Pricing, Hedging and Trading Financial Instruments has five very long chapters on the pricing, hedging and trading of bonds and swaps, futures and forwards, options and volatility as well detailed descriptions of mapping portfolios of these financial instruments to their risk factors. There are numerous examples, all coded in interactive Excel spreadsheets, including many pricing formulae for exotic options but excluding the calibration of stochastic volatility models, for which Matlab code is provided. The chapters on options and volatility together constitute 50% of the book, the slightly longer chapter on volatility concentrating on the dynamic properties the two volatility surfaces the implied and the local volatility surfaces that accompany an option pricing model, with particular reference to hedging. Volume IV: Value at Risk Models builds on the three previous volumes to provide by far the most comprehensive and detailed treatment of market VaR models that is currently available in any textbook. The exposition starts at an elementary level but, as in all the other volumes, the pedagogical approach accompanied by numerous interactive Excel spreadsheets allows readers to experience the application of parametric linear, historical simulation and Monte Carlo VaR models to increasingly complex portfolios. Starting with simple positions, after a few chapters we apply value-at-risk models to interest rate sensitive portfolios, large international securities portfolios, commodity futures, path dependent options and much else. This rigorous treatment includes many new results and applications to regulatory and economic capital allocation, measurement of VaR model risk and stress testing.
Author : Ross Endres
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (889 download)
Download or read book Testing for Time-varying Optimal Hedge Ratios in the 90 Day Bank Accepted Bill Futures Market written by Ross Endres and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gang Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book The Determination of an Optimal Hedge Ratio and a Generalized Measure of Risk written by Gang Li and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (948 download)
Download or read book The Effectiveness of Constant and Time-varying Futures Optimal Hedge Ratios written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Manolis G. Kavussanos
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000368963
Total Pages : 555 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Freight Derivatives and Risk Management in Shipping written by Manolis G. Kavussanos and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-04-29 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This advanced practical textbook deals with the issue of risk analysis, measurement and management in the shipping industry. It identifies and analyses the sources of risk in the shipping business and explores in detail the “traditional” and “modern” strategies for risk management at both the investment and operational levels of the business. The special features and characteristics of all available freight derivative products are compared and contrasted between them. Practical applications of derivatives are showcased through realistic practical examples, while a number of concepts across the contents of this book appear for the first time in the literature. The book also serves as “the reference” point for researchers in the area, helping them to enhance their knowledge of risk management and derivatives in the shipping industry, but also to students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Finally, it provides a comprehensive manual for practitioners wishing to engage in the financial risk management of maritime business. This second edition has been fully updated in order to incorporate the numerous developments in the industry since its first edition in 2006. New chapters have been introduced on topics such as Market Risk Measurement, Credit Risk and Credit Derivatives, and Statistical Methods to Quantify Risk. Furthermore, the second edition of this book builds upon the successful first edition which has been extensively (i) taught in a number of Universities around the world and (ii) used by professionals in the industry. Shipowners, professionals in the shipping industry, risk management officers, credit officers, traders, investors, students and researchers will find the book indispensable in order to understand how risk management and hedging tools can make the difference for companies to remain competitive and stay ahead of the rest.
Author : David E. Allen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Using Regression Techniques to Estimate Futures Hedge Ratios, Some Results from Alternative Approaches Applied to Australian 10 Year Treasury Bond Futures written by David E. Allen and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper uses Australian bond futures data from the Sydney Futures Exchange to critically assess some of the potential problems involved in the use of cointegration techniques in the calculation of minimum variance hedge ratios. Following Ghosh (1993a,b) there have been a number of papers which have made use of these techniques. Ghosh (1993), and Lien (1996) suggest that if spot and futures prices are cointegrated then the non-inclusion of an error correction term in the VAR model used to estimate the hedge ratio will lead to mis-specification problems and the under-estimation of the true optimal hedge ratio. We examine the use of such regression techniques in the calculation of hedge ratios.In particular we consider the extent to which the stacking of the data into a time series, which effectively constrains the estimated hedge ratio to a single value over the span of the data, influences the results of such techniques. If the hedge ratio differs by contract, the movement from one contract to the next is likely to lead to instability in the estimated regression coefficients. Tests for parameter instability in the estimated regression suggest that this is indeed the case and our conclusion is that it is preferable to consider the estimation of the hedge ratio in a panel setting with each individual contract considered as an observational unit. One problem in the past with such a move has been the lack of tests for cointegration and unit roots in such a setting, fortunately these are now available and we take advantage of them in this paper. In such a panel setting we find that the result that the spot and futures prices are cointegrated still holds but that the estimated hedge ratios are not constant between contracts, throwing doubt on the applicability of regression methods which make such an assumption.
Author : Dr. Shaik masood
Publisher : Archers & Elevators Publishing House
ISBN 13 : 9388805607
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (888 download)
Download or read book Performance Of Commodity Derivatives Market In India An Analytical Study written by Dr. Shaik masood and published by Archers & Elevators Publishing House. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : University of New Brunswick. Dept. of Economics
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Working Paper Series No. 90-13. Optimal Hedge Ratios at the Winnipeg Commodity Exchange written by University of New Brunswick. Dept. of Economics and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter S. Sephton
Publisher : Fredericton : Department of Economics, University of New Brunswick
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (262 download)
Download or read book Optimal Hedge Ratios at the Winnipeg Commodity Exchange written by Peter S. Sephton and published by Fredericton : Department of Economics, University of New Brunswick. This book was released on 1990 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
