Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Laser-induced Plasma on Organic Materials and Quantitative Analysis of the Contained Inorganic Elements

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Book Synopsis Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Laser-induced Plasma on Organic Materials and Quantitative Analysis of the Contained Inorganic Elements by : Wenqi Lei

Download or read book Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Laser-induced Plasma on Organic Materials and Quantitative Analysis of the Contained Inorganic Elements written by Wenqi Lei and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This PhD work was devoted to the understanding of the laser-induced plasma on organic materials and theapplication of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to quantitative analysis of these materials. Itcontributes to deepen our knowledge on the physical mechanisms involved in laser-matter interaction, plasmageneration, evolution and expansion of the plasma into the ambient gas, with emphasis on plasmas induced onorganic targets. It also intends to improve the performance of LIBS for the analysis of organic materials. Thespecificity for organic targets fits the current focus of the international community working on LIBS, toimprove the control of the plasma induced on this kind of material which has a distinguished optical prosperitywith respect to that of metals, better known for laser ablation. It addresses also the growing need to apply theLIBS technique to organic materials for different applications in the environmental, food, or biomedicaldomains. The works in this thesis were therefore presented in this thesis document according to the followingorganization.After the General Introduction which introduces the scientific and technological contexts, Chapter Irecalls the basic theoretical elements necessary to understand the phenomenon of plasma generation by laserablation, and its evolution in the background gas. Ablation of organic material is emphasized. Procedures andtechniques of diagnostics of laser-induced plasma were then presented with a focus on the transient andinhomogeneous nature of the expanding plasma. Chapter II focuses on the generation and the evolution of theplasma induced on the skin of a potato, a typical sample of agricultural product. The characteristics of plasmainduced on a soft and wet organic target, such as a fresh potato, was something unknown when the thesis workstarted. These characteristics provide the necessary basis for the quantitative analysis of the trace andultra-trace metallic elements in these samples. Following this characterization, semi-quantitative analyticalresults were extracted from LIBS spectra corresponding to potato skin. Chapter III is presented in thecontinuity of Chapter II for the application of LIBS to the quantitative analysis of organic materials. Acomparative study on the analytical results with LIBS and ICP-AES for milk powders allows an assessment ofthe performances of quantitative analysis by LIBS for organic materials, and a validation of the CF-LIBSprocedure that we have developed. Different from Chapters II and III where attention was paid to trace metalelements, Chapter IV studies the behavior of the major elements that make up the matrix of organic material,which are 4 known organic elements: H, C, O, N. During the decomposition of organic material by laserablation, these elements can be found in the form of molecular fragments, or recombined into molecularspecies. We then study in this Chapter the evolution of these species as a function of the laser ablationparameters, the laser wavelength in particular. The thesis document ends with a general conclusion andoutlooks.

Space and Time Characterization of Laser-induced Plasmas for Applications in Chemical Analysis and Thin Film Deposition

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Book Synopsis Space and Time Characterization of Laser-induced Plasmas for Applications in Chemical Analysis and Thin Film Deposition by : Mahmoud Dawood

Download or read book Space and Time Characterization of Laser-induced Plasmas for Applications in Chemical Analysis and Thin Film Deposition written by Mahmoud Dawood and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Characterization of Laser-induced Plasma and Application to Surface-assisted LIBS for Powder and Liquid Samples

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Laser-induced Plasma and Application to Surface-assisted LIBS for Powder and Liquid Samples by : Ye Tian

Download or read book Characterization of Laser-induced Plasma and Application to Surface-assisted LIBS for Powder and Liquid Samples written by Ye Tian and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical method with optical emission spectroscopy that uses a laser pulse to vaporize, atomize, and excite a hot plasma as the spectroscopic emission source. Although LIBS has demonstrated its versatility and attractive features in many fields, the quantitative analysis ability of LIBS is considered as its Achilles' heel. From a fundamental point of view, this can be due to the complex nature of laserinduced plasma as the spectroscopic emission source for LIBS application. The temporal and spatial characterization of laser-induced plasma is considered as one of the key points for the LIBS technique. On the other hand, from the analytical point of view, LIBS is usually characterized by direct laser ablation. This can be however quite limiting, especially for some types of materials such as powders or liquids. Proper sample preparation or treatment allowing the deposition of a thin homogeneous film on a metallic surface could greatly improve the analytical performance of LIBS for these types of materials. Since the metallic surface is expected to contribute to increase the temperature and the density of the plasma and, consequently, to a better overall sensitivity, we call this technique surface-assisted LIBS. The present thesis work is therefore motivated by two basic aspects of LIBS analysis: the need of an improved knowledge of laser-induced plasma as a spectroscopic emission source, and new methods to improve the analytical performance of LIBS, including a higher sensibility and a reduced matrix effect. The first part of this thesis (Chapter 2) is dedicated to an extensive characterization of the plasma induced on glass samples, as a function of the laser wavelength, infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV), and the ambient gas, air or argon. Both the spectroscopic imaging and time- and space-resolved emission spectroscopy are used for plasma diagnostics in this work. The second part of this thesis is to develop a surface-assisted LIBS method for the elemental analysis in powders, and in wines as examples of liquids. We applied the surface-assisted LIBS for the quantitative elemental analysis in cellulose powders, alumina powders, and soils (Chapter 3). Special attentions are paid on the figures-of-merit, matrix effects, and normalization approaches in LIBS analysis. We also used the surfaceassisted LIBS for the classification of French wines according to their production regions (Chapter 4). Two classification models based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest (RF) are used for the classification. Through these applications, this thesis work demonstrates the efficiency of the surface-assisted LIBS method for the analysis of powders (cellulose, alumina and soils) and of liquids (wines), with ppm or sub-ppm sensitivities and a reduced matrix effect.

Laser-induced Plasmas as an Analytical Source for Quantitative Analysis of Gaseous and Aerosol Systems

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Book Synopsis Laser-induced Plasmas as an Analytical Source for Quantitative Analysis of Gaseous and Aerosol Systems by : Prasoon K. Diwakar

Download or read book Laser-induced Plasmas as an Analytical Source for Quantitative Analysis of Gaseous and Aerosol Systems written by Prasoon K. Diwakar and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical understanding of plasma-particle interactions includes study of the plasma evolution, analyte atomization, and the particle dissociation and diffusion. In this dissertation, temporal and spatial studies have been done to understand the fundamentals of the LIBS processes including the breakdown of gases by the laser pulse, plasma inception mechanisms, plasma evolution, analyte introduction and plasma-particle interactions and their influence on LIBS signal. Spectral measurements were performed in a laser-induced plasma and the results reveal localized perturbations in the plasma properties in the vicinity of the analyte species, for first 60 [mu]s. The measurements provide direct evidence of matrix effects in the LIBS plasma at early times. Electron density measurements at very early times in the plasma reveal deviations from the Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium conditions (LTE). The data from various experiments suggests a complex interaction between the plasma and the aerosol particle, during which the finite time-scales of particle dissociation, and heat and mass transfer are fundamental processes.

Investigation of Physical and Spectral Characteristics of Laser-induced Plasmas

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Book Synopsis Investigation of Physical and Spectral Characteristics of Laser-induced Plasmas by : Vincent P. Hohreiter

Download or read book Investigation of Physical and Spectral Characteristics of Laser-induced Plasmas written by Vincent P. Hohreiter and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The physical and optical characteristics of laser-induced plasmas (LIP) and the precision of measurements using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for aerosol and gas phase species are explored. In a series of coherent experiments properties of the LIP and the temporal, spatial, and energetic variations of interactions with entrained particles (aerosols) are evaluated from both a standpoint of basic plasma science and applied atomic spectroscopy. First, the evolution of a LIP is characterized in terms of its temporally-resolved spectral absorptivity, spectral emissivity, and free electron density during the first 500 nanoseconds. Transmission measurements reveal near opacity of the LIP at early times (10-50 ns) and essential transparency at longer times (500 ns).

Spectrochemical Analysis of Solid Samples by Laser-induced Plasma Spectroscopy

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Book Synopsis Spectrochemical Analysis of Solid Samples by Laser-induced Plasma Spectroscopy by :

Download or read book Spectrochemical Analysis of Solid Samples by Laser-induced Plasma Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS) is a powerful tool for the multi-element analysis of a huge variety of solid, liquid, and gaseous samples of industrial relevance. For LIPS an intense, pulsed laser beam (typically a Nd:YAG or excimer laser) is focused on the sample of interest, resulting in an evaporation, atomization, and partial ionization of the sample in an expanding plasma cloud. After a delay of some hundred nanoseconds to discriminate against the recombination background, the elemental composition of the sample can be determined via the spectrally and temporally resolved detection of the characteristic atomic and ionic emissions. Due to the minimum sample preparation, the low cost for a single measurement, and the potential for an extensive automation, LIPS is an attractive approach to process analysis. The objective of this work to extend the range of elements, which can be analyzed by LIBS, via observation of atomic emission in the VUV range. This permits not only a multielement analysis of metals, but also access to emission lines of metalloids such as S, P, N, O, C, and As. Two experimental set-ups for VUV-LIBS are presented: A set-up for bulk analysis based on conventional Czerny-Turner monochromator and a new echelle spectrograph for high spectral resolution (> 10 000) in the spectral range 150-300 nm. Applying an appropriate beam shaping (3micro focusing4), LIPS allows a fast spatially resolved elemental characterization of surfaces with a typical resolution of 10 mm. Using a UV laser beam (l = 266 nm) for plasma ignition, fractionization effects can be minimized and a quantitative analysis can be performed. Analysis of the spectra from the single pulses permit a depth- and spatially resolved investigation of a sample.

Fundamental Study: Space-temporal Evolution of Laser-induced Plasmas

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ISBN 13 : 9783659845840
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (458 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamental Study: Space-temporal Evolution of Laser-induced Plasmas by : Mahmoud Dawood

Download or read book Fundamental Study: Space-temporal Evolution of Laser-induced Plasmas written by Mahmoud Dawood and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Laser-Induced Plasma and Its Applications

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Book Synopsis Laser-Induced Plasma and Its Applications by : Kashif Chaudhary

Download or read book Laser-Induced Plasma and Its Applications written by Kashif Chaudhary and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The laser irradiation have shown a range of applications from fabricating, melting, and evaporating nanoparticles to changing their shape, structure, size, and size distribution. Laser induced plasma has used for different diagnostic and technological applications as detection, thin film deposition, and elemental identification. The possible interferences of atomic or molecular species are used to specify organic, inorganic or biological materials which allows critical applications in defense (landmines, explosive, forensic (trace of explosive or organic materials), public health (toxic substances pharmaceutical products), or environment (organic wastes). Laser induced plasma for organic material potentially provide fast sensor systems for explosive trace and pathogen biological agent detection and analysis. The laser ablation process starts with electronic energy absorption (~fs) and ends at particle recondensation (~ms). Then, the ablation process can be governed by thermal, non-thermal processes or a combination of both. There are several types of models, id est, thermal, mechanical, photophysical, photochemical and defect models, which describe the ablation process by one dominant mechanism only. Plasma ignition process includes bond breaking and plasma shielding during the laser pulse. Bond breaking mechanisms influence the quantity and form of energy (kinetic, ionization and excitation) that atoms and ions can acquire. Plasma expansion depends on the initial mass and energy in the plume. The process is governed by initial plasma properties (electron density, temperature, velocity) after the laser pulse and the expansion medium. During first microsecond after the laser pulse, plume expansion is adiabatic afterwards line radiation becomes the dominant mechanism of energy loss.

Optical Diagnostics of Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Nanosecond Laser-induced Plasma in Gases

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Total Pages : 117 pages
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Book Synopsis Optical Diagnostics of Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Nanosecond Laser-induced Plasma in Gases by : Hantian Zhang

Download or read book Optical Diagnostics of Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Nanosecond Laser-induced Plasma in Gases written by Hantian Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Laser-induced Plasma as a Function of the Laser Parameters and the Ambient Gas

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Book Synopsis Laser-induced Plasma as a Function of the Laser Parameters and the Ambient Gas by : Xueshi Bai

Download or read book Laser-induced Plasma as a Function of the Laser Parameters and the Ambient Gas written by Xueshi Bai and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been invented for more than 50 years, which analyzes the spectrum of the laser-induced plasma to determine the elemental composition of the ablated sample. Recently, LIBS technique has been well developed and applied in different domains, for example oceanic exploration, pollution monitoring in the environment. LIBS uses the ablation plasma as a light source that contains the elemental composition information of the sample. However, the laser-induced plasma exhibits a transient behavior. Although time-resolved and gated detection can greatly improve the performance of the LIBS technique especially that of calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS) with a better determination of plasma temperature, the temporal evolution of the plasma is correlated to its morphology and its spatial inhomogeneity. The determination of the morphology as well as the internal structure of the plasma together with their evolution during plasma expansion into the ambient gas is therefore crucial for the optimization of the use of ablation plasma as a spectroscopic emission source. Evolutions of the morphology and the internal structure of the ablation plasma are considered as the consequence of its hydrodynamic expansion into the ambient gas. Following the thesis of Qianli Ma which has studied the effect of laser wavelength on the behavior of the plasma induced in an ambient gas of argon, the present thesis has used the same diagnostic techniques (time- and space-resolved emission spectroscopy and fast spectroscopic images) together with 1064 nm ns laser pulse ablation of a target of aluminum to investigate the effects of other parameters, such as the fluence and the duration of laser pulse, the effect of different ambient gases (argon and air), on the morphology and internal structure of the plasma. Furthermore, in order to understand the effects of these parameters on the properties of the plasma, the microscopic mechanisms during post ablation and the propagation of the plasma are also studied. While the plasma cools down in air, molecules are formed, AlO for instance. So the thesis also studied the condition for the formation of the molecules in the plasma. Beyond the practical interest of this study for LIBS, it provides also insights to the kinetics of the AlO molecule formation in laserinduced plasma.

Diagnostic and Analytical Studies of Laser Induced Plasmas

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Book Synopsis Diagnostic and Analytical Studies of Laser Induced Plasmas by : Heh Young Moon

Download or read book Diagnostic and Analytical Studies of Laser Induced Plasmas written by Heh Young Moon and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Since its early applications, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been recognized as a useful tool for solid state chemical analysis due to its numerous attractive advantages as an analytical tool: e.g., simultaneous multi-element detection capability, no sample preparation, rapid or real-time analysis, and allowing in situ analysis requiring only optical access to the sample. However, the quantitative accuracy of the technique depends on the complex fundamental processes involved in laser-induced plasma formation, ablation, atomization, excitation and ion recombination. Thus, problems arising from laser target coupling, matrix effects, line interferences, fractionation in target vaporization, the main assumptions of the methods, namely the optically thin emission of spectral lines and the existence of local thermodynamic equilibrium in the plasma should be properly addressed in order to obtain reliable quantitative results [1, 2] . The general scope of this research encompasses two aspects related to the LIBS technique: one aspect is the fundamental study of the plasma characteristics and another is an improved use of the technique in quantitative analysis. The main project is to revisit and investigate some fundamental assumptions such as the existence of local.

Characteristics of Laser Induced Plasmas and Defocusing Effects on Target Materials

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Total Pages : 206 pages
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Book Synopsis Characteristics of Laser Induced Plasmas and Defocusing Effects on Target Materials by : Kyo-Dong Song

Download or read book Characteristics of Laser Induced Plasmas and Defocusing Effects on Target Materials written by Kyo-Dong Song and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Compositional, Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Laser-produced Plasmas

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Book Synopsis Compositional, Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Laser-produced Plasmas by : Claire Louise Williams

Download or read book Compositional, Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Laser-produced Plasmas written by Claire Louise Williams and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Imaging and Spectroscopy of Laser Produced Annular Plasmas

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Total Pages : 0 pages
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Book Synopsis Imaging and Spectroscopy of Laser Produced Annular Plasmas by : Ben Delaney

Download or read book Imaging and Spectroscopy of Laser Produced Annular Plasmas written by Ben Delaney and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has emerged as a commonly used analytical technique for both qualitative elemental identification and quantitative concentration determination in various academic and industrial fields. The ultimate performance of LIBS is dependent on the signal to background ratio (SBR) of the spectra which are acquired from a sample and is quantified as the limit of detection (LOD) of the technique. A significant body of work has already been reported in the literature aimed at lowering of the LOD of LIBS. This work includes investigations into the effects of; laser fluence, wavelength and pulse length as well as space and time optimization, along with double pulse plasma formation and reheating arrangements. The aim of the work presented here is to generate and investigate the stagnation layer formed in vacuo, at the centre of an annular plasma, and to employ it in a LIBS experiment on trace Cu in Al. This is achieved by retrofitting a single optical element, namely an axicon, to the focusing lens normally used for point plasma formation. Spatially and temporally resolved imaging and spectroscopy are employed to track the formation and evolution of a stagnation layer at the centre of an annular plasma. Comparisons of these imaging and spectroscopy measurements are drawn with those obtained for a stagnation layer formed between two point seed plasmas, as well as for single laser produced plasma. An off axis parabolic mirror was used to carry out imaging and spectroscopy along the plasma expansion axis, normal to the target. A simple relay lens system was used for imaging and spectroscopy parallel to the target surface. The former is, to the best of my knowledge, the first time such an investigation into stagnation layers has been undertaken. The targets used were slabs of aluminium with trace amounts of copper. Point, dual colliding and annular colliding plasmas were investigated to determine their relative merits in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. It found that the limit-of-detection for trace amounts of Cu in Al is lowest for annular plasmas formed at low laser pulse energies of ca. 25 - 30 mJ.

Compositional, Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Laser-produced Plasmas

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Total Pages : 0 pages
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Book Synopsis Compositional, Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Laser-produced Plasmas by : Claire Louise Williams

Download or read book Compositional, Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Laser-produced Plasmas written by Claire Louise Williams and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Les Troyennes, mise en scène de Michel Cacoyannis

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ISBN 13 :
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Book Rating : 4.:/5 (494 download)

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Book Synopsis Les Troyennes, mise en scène de Michel Cacoyannis by :

Download or read book Les Troyennes, mise en scène de Michel Cacoyannis written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Laser-induced Plasma Spectroscopy

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Total Pages : 2 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser-induced Plasma Spectroscopy by :

Download or read book Laser-induced Plasma Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: