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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Temperature Trends in Coal Char Combustion Under Oxy-fuel Conditions for the Determination of Kinetics written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dominik Christ
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783868445596
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (455 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Char Kinetics on the Combustion of Pulverized Coal Under Oxyfuel Conditions written by Dominik Christ and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Leema al- Makhadmeh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783832284435
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (844 download)
Download or read book Coal Pyrolysis and Char Combustion Under Oxy-fuel Conditions written by Leema al- Makhadmeh and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Chuguang Zheng
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128123222
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Oxy-fuel Combustion written by Chuguang Zheng and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxy-fuel Combustion: Fundamentals, Theory and Practice provides a comprehensive review of various aspects of oxy-fuel combustion technology, including its concept, fundamental theory, pilot practice, large-scale feasibility studies and related practical issues, such as the commissioning and operation of an oxy-fuel combustion plant. Oxy-fuel combustion, as the most practical large-scale carbon capture power generation technology, has attracted significant attention in the past two decades. As significant progress has been achieved in worldwide demonstration and the oxy-combustion concept confirmed by Schwartze Pump, CUIDEN, Callide, Ponferrada and Yingcheng projects in the past five years, this book provides a timely addition for discussion and study. Covers oxy-fuel combustion technology Includes concepts, fundamentals, pilots and large-scale feasibility studies Considers related practical issues, such as the commissioning and operation of an oxy-fuel combustion plant Focuses on theories and methods closely related to engineering practice
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Coal Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past quarter, we carried out a study of the kinetics of char combustion, assessed the reproducibility error of our experiments, and continued our systematic study of the effects of particle size and oxygen concentration on the reactivity of chars. The results from the kinetic study indicated that the rate expression for combustion of Illinois No. 6 chars is first order with respect to the oxygen concentration. The activation energy and the preexponential factor for this reaction were also calculated. The reproducibility error assessment shows that the average relative error increases with increasing particle size. Thus, the number of combustion runs needed for accurate measurements of the reaction rate increases with increasing particle size. For combustion in the regime of diffusional limitations, our results show the ignition temperature decreases with increasing pyrolysis heating rates, increasing coal particle size, decreasing heat treatment temperatures and increasing oxygen concentrations. The kinetic parameters (activation energy, preexponential rate factor, and order of reaction) for the combustion of Illinois No. 6 coal were determined using our thermogravimetric reactor with video microscopy imaging (TGA/VMI). In order to obtain a constant slope from the Arrhenius plot, the experiments were performed in the kinetic control regime. Our previous results demonstrated that in this regime char reactivity is independent of pyrolysis heating rate, heat treatment temperature (HTT), soak time and particle size. For this study therefore, we chose to pyrolyze and combust particles from the 28--32 mesh (500--600 [mu]m) fraction of Illinois No. 6 coal.
Author : Bruce G. Miller
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080961169
Total Pages : 697 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Clean Coal Engineering Technology written by Bruce G. Miller and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concern over the effects of airborne pollution, green house gases, and the impact of global warming has become a worldwide issue that transcends international boundaries, politics, and social responsibility. The 2nd Edition of Coal Energy Systems: Clean Coal Technology describes a new generation of energy processes that sharply reduce air emissions and other pollutants from coal-burning power plants. Coal is the dirtiest of all fossil fuels. When burned, it produces emissions that contribute to global warming, create acid rain, and pollute water. With all of the interest and research surrounding nuclear energy, hydropower, and biofuels, many think that coal is finally on its way out. However, coal generates half of the electricity in the United States and throughout the world today. It will likely continue to do so as long as it's cheap and plentiful [Source: Energy Information Administration]. Coal provides stability in price and availability, will continue to be a major source of electricity generation, will be the major source of hydrogen for the coming hydrogen economy, and has the potential to become an important source of liquid fuels. Conservation and renewable/sustainable energy are important in the overall energy picture, but will play a lesser role in helping us satisfy our energy demands today. Dramatically updated to meet the needs of an ever changing energy market, Coal Energy Systems, 2nd Edition is a single source covering policy and the engineering involved in implementing that policy. The book addresses many coal-related subjects of interest ranging from the chemistry of coal and the future engineering anatomy of a coal fired plant to the cutting edge clean coal technologies being researched and utilized today. A 50% update over the first edition, this new book contains new chapters on processes such as CO2 capture and sequestration, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems, Pulverized-Coal Power Plants and Carbon Emission Trading. Existing materials on worldwide coal distribution and quantities, technical and policy issues regarding the use of coal, technologies used and under development for utilizing coal to produce heat, electricity, and chemicals with low environmental impact, vision for utilizing coal well into the 21st century, and the security coal presents. - Clean Liquids and Gaseous Fuels from Coal for Electric Power - Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems - Pulverized-Coal Power Plants - Advanced Coal-Based Power Plants - Fluidized-Bed Combustion Technology - CO2 capture and sequestration
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Coal Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past quarter, we carried out a study of the kinetics of char combustion, assessed the reproducibility error of our experiments, and continued our systematic study of the effects of particle size and oxygen concentration on the reactivity of chars. The results from the kinetic study indicated that the rate expression for combustion of Illinois No. 6 chars is first order with respect to the oxygen concentration. The activation energy and the preexponential factor for this reaction were also calculated. The reproducibility error assessment shows that the average relative error increases with increasing particle size. Thus, the number of combustion runs needed for accurate measurements of the reaction rate increases with increasing particle size. For combustion in the regime of diffusional limitations, our results show the ignition temperature decreases with increasing pyrolysis heating rates, increasing coal particle size, decreasing heat treatment temperatures and increasing oxygen concentrations. The kinetic parameters (activation energy, preexponential rate factor, and order of reaction) for the combustion of Illinois No. 6 coal were determined using our thermogravimetric reactor with video microscopy imaging (TGA/VMI). In order to obtain a constant slope from the Arrhenius plot, the experiments were performed in the kinetic control regime. Our previous results demonstrated that in this regime char reactivity is independent of pyrolysis heating rate, heat treatment temperature (HTT), soak time and particle size. For this study therefore, we chose to pyrolyze and combust particles from the 28--32 mesh (500--600 [mu]m) fraction of Illinois No. 6 coal.
Author : Dominik Marek Christ
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (892 download)
Download or read book The effect of char kinetics on the combustion of pulverized coal under oxyfuel conditions written by Dominik Marek Christ and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Compilation of Sandia Coal Char Combustion Data and Kinetic Analyses written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental project was undertaken to characterize the physical and chemical processes that govern the combustion of pulverized coal chars. The experimental endeavor establishes a database on the reactivities of coal chars as a function of coal type, particle size, particle temperature, gas temperature, and gas and composition. The project also provides a better understanding of the mechanism of char oxidation, and yields quantitative information on the release rates of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing species during char combustion. An accurate predictive engineering model of the overall char combustion process under technologically relevant conditions in a primary product of this experimental effort. This document summarizes the experimental effort, the approach used to analyze the data, and individual compilations of data and kinetic analyses for each of the parent coals investigates.
Author : Isabel Suarez-Ruiz
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081022026
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)
Download or read book New Trends in Coal Conversion written by Isabel Suarez-Ruiz and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Trends in Coal Conversion: Combustion, Gasification, Emissions, and Coking covers the latest advancements in coal utilization, including coal conversion processes and mitigation of environmental impacts, providing an up-to-date source of information for a cleaner and more environmentally friendly use of coal, with a particular emphasis on the two biggest users of coal—utilities and the steel industry. Coverage includes recent advances in combustion co-firing, gasification, and on the minimization of trace element and CO2 emissions that is ideal for plant engineers, researchers, and quality control engineers in electric utilities and steelmaking. Other sections cover new advances in clean coal technologies for the steel industry, technological advances in conventional by-products, the heat-recovery/non-recovering cokemaking process, and the increasing use of low-quality coals in coking blends. Readers will learn how to make more effective use of coal resources, deliver higher productivity, save energy and reduce the environmental impact of their coal utilization. - Provides the current state-of-the-art and ongoing activities within coal conversion processes, with an emphasis on emerging technologies for the reduction of CO2 and trace elements - Discusses innovations in cokemaking for improved efficiency, energy savings and reduced environmental impact - Include case studies and examples throughout the book
Author : Mazdak Kebria
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781303594939
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (949 download)
Download or read book Measurements and Modeling of Pulverized Fuel Char in an Entrained Flow Reactor written by Mazdak Kebria and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the combustion zone of utility boilers were modified for NOx control and this made the task of maintaining low residual carbon levels in boiler fly ash much more difficult. To predict the relationships between boiler operating conditions and residual carbon-in-ash, there is a need for improvements in determining the appropriate char reactivity to use in simulating coal-fired combustors and in relating this reactivity to unburned coal characteristics. To aid in this effort, a tubular, downward-fired, refractory-lined, laminar entrained flow reactor (EFR) was built to provide a pilot scale environment with 2 seconds residence time for studying coal combustion. Using a commercial CFD code (FLUENT), a three dimensional numerical model of coal burning in the EFR was created to evaluate common char burnout kinetic modeling approaches. EFR experimental data was obtained for operating conditions adjusted to reproduce particle Lagrangian temperature and oxygen concentration time histories typically found in coal-fired utility boilers. The radial temperature profiles were measured at different axial locations in the EFR with a suction pyrometer and thermocouples. The temperature distribution in the reactor agreed well with the simulations. A gas analyzer with a quenching probe was used to measure the oxygen distribution to similarly confirm oxygen distribution in the EFR. A semi-isokinetic particulate sampling probe was used to extract ash samples at different heights in the reactor to measure the evolution of loss on ignition (LOI). Measured LOI values were used to validate the model against predicted values. Reaction kinetics rates in the model were adjusted to bring agreement between calculated LOI and the measured values from the experimental results. The LOI predictions by kinetic-diffusion and CBK model are very similar at the late stage of char burnout. The results indicate that we can achieve sufficient accuracy for the prediction of final carbon-in-ash using the much simpler kinetic-diffusion model. The ratio of reaction rates of two coals in the low temperature TGA experiment were compared with the high temperature EFR experiment. The ratio of reaction rate between two coal chars in the TGA experiments was nearly one order of magnitude higher than in the EFR experiments.
Author : Lionel Limousy
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039216627
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)
Download or read book Biomass Chars: Elaboration, Characterization and Applications Ⅱ written by Lionel Limousy and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass can be converted to energy, biofuels, and bioproducts via thermochemical conversion processes, such as combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Combustion technology is most widely applied on an industrial scale. However, biomass gasification and pyrolysis processes are still in the research and development stage. The major products from these processes are syngas, bio-oil, and char (called also biochar for agronomic application). Among these products, biomass chars have received increasing attention for different applications, such as gasification, co-combustion, catalysts or adsorbents precursors, soil amendment, carbon fuel cells, and supercapacitors. This Special Issue provides an overview of biomass char production methods (pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, etc.), characterization techniques (e.g., scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, nitrogen adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption and mass spectrometry), their properties, and their suitable recovery processes.
Author : Christian Vovelle
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401142491
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Pollutants from Combustion written by Christian Vovelle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is based on the lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute: (ASI) «Pollutants Formation from Combustion. Formation Mechanisms and Impact on th th Atmospheric Chemistry» held in Maratea, Italy, from 13 to 26 september 1998. Preservation of the environment is of increasing concern in individual countries but also at continental or world scales. The structure of a NATO ASI which involve lecturers and participants of different nationalities was thought as especially well suited to address environmental issues. As combustion is known to substantially contribute to the damaging of the atmosphere, it was natural to concentrate the ASI program on reviewing the currently available knowledge of the formation mechanisms of the main pollutants liberated by combustion systems. In most situations, pollutants are present as trace components and their formation and removal is strongly conditioned by the chemical reactions initiated by fuel consumption. Therefore specific lectures were aimed at defining precisely the general properties of combustion chemistry for gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. Physical factors can strongly affect the combustion chemistry and their influence was also considered. An interesting peculiarity of this specific ASI was to complement the program with a substantial part concerned with the impact of the main combustion pollutants: NOx, aromatics, soot, VOCs, sulphur and chlorinated compounds, on atmospheric chemistry.
Download or read book CHAR CRYSTALLINE TRANSFORMATIONS DURING COAL COMBUSTION AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR CARBON BURNOUT. written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent work at Sandia National Laboratories, Imperial College, and the U.K. utility PowerGen, has identified an important mechanism believed to have a large influence on unburned carbon levels from pulverized coal-fired boilers. That mechanism is char carbon crystalline rearrangements on subsecond times scales at temperatures of 1800 - 2500 K, which lead to char deactivation in the flame zones of furnaces. The so-called thermal annealing of carbons is a well known phenomenon, but its key role in carbon burnout has only recently been appreciated, and there is a lack of quantitative data in this time/temperature range. In addition, a new fundamental tool has recently become available to study crystalline transformations, namely high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) fringe imaging, which provides a wealth of information on the nature and degree of crystallinity in carbon materials such as coal chars. Motivated by these new developments, this University Coal Research project has been initiated with the following two goals: - to determine transient, high-temperature, thermal deactivation kinetics as a function of parent coal and temperature history. - to characterize the effect of this thermal treatment on carbon crystalline structure through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and specialized, quantitative image analysis. Work is currently underway on the following three tasks: Task 1 Experimental technique development. The goal of this task is to develop and demonstrate an apparatus and procedure for measuring transient, high-temperature, thermal deactivation of coal chars. While peak gas temperatures in boilers are often in the range 1800 - 2000 K, peak particle temperatures can be much higher due to high rates of heat release at the particle surface due to exothermic carbon oxidation. The prototype transient heat treatment apparatus is based on an inert-gas purged graphite-rod sample holder that is subjected to rapid Joule heating to temperatures approaching 3000 o C. For the measurement of temperature histories an optical diagnostic is being developed that offers sufficient spatial resolution to distinguish the sample temperature from the substrate temperature. The optical diagnostic is based on a CID camera, a high-power lens, and movable mirrors to projecting multiple, filtered images onto a single chip. Oxidation kinetics are measured on the heat treated samples by a nonisothermal TGA technique. Task 2 Thermal deactivation kinetics. The goal of this task is to quantify thermal char deactivation as a function of temperature history and parent coal, with an emphasis on inert environments at temperatures and times found in combustion systems. The results are to be cast in the form of deactivation kinetics useful for incorporation in combustion models. Task 3 Crystal structure characterization. Crystal structure characterization provides important insight into the mechanisms of thermal char deactivation, and the degree of crystalline transformations has shown a strong correlation with reactivity changes in recent combustion studies[Davis et al., 1992, Beeley et al., 1996]. This task seeks to improve our understanding of char carbon crystalline transformations under combustion conditions by analyzing a large set of HRTEM fringe images for a series of flame-generated chars whose reactivities have been previously reported[Hurt et al., 1995, Beeley et al., 1996]. As a first step, a new technique is being developed for the quantitative analysis of fringe images, extending previous work to allow measurement of a complete set of crystal structure parameters including mean layer size, mean stacking height, interlayer spacing, layer curvature, amorphous fraction, and degree of anisotropy. The resulting database will revealing, at a very fundamental level, the basic differences in char crystal structure due to parent coal rank and to temperature history in the range of interest to combustion systems.
Author : Vivek V. Ranade
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482215284
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)
Download or read book Computational Modeling of Pulverized Coal Fired Boilers written by Vivek V. Ranade and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harness State-of-the-Art Computational Modeling Tools Computational Modeling of Pulverized Coal Fired Boilers successfully establishes the use of computational modeling as an effective means to simulate and enhance boiler performance. This text factors in how computational flow models can provide a framework for developing a greater understanding of the underlying processes in PC boilers. It also provides a detailed account of the methodology of computational modeling of pulverized coal boilers, as well as an apt approach to modeling complex processes occurring in PC boilers in a manageable way. Connects Modeling with Real-Life Applications Restricted to the combustion side of the boiler (the authors assume some prior background of reaction engineering and numerical techniques), the book describes the individual aspects of combustion and heat recovery sections of PC boilers that can be used to further improve the design methodologies, optimize boiler performance, and solve practical boiler-related problems. The book provides guidelines on implementing the material in commercial CFD solvers, summarizes key points, and presents relevant case studies. It can also be used to model larger boilers based on conventional, super-critical, or ultra-super critical technologies as well as based on oxy-fuel technologies. Consisting of six chapters, this functional text: Provides a general introduction Explains the overall approach and methodology Explores kinetics of coal pyrolysis (devolatilization) and combustion and methods of its evaluation Presents computational flow modeling approach to simulate pulverized coal fired boiler Covers modeling aspects from formulation of model equations to simulation methodology Determines typical results obtained with computational flow models Discusses the phenomenological models or reactor network models Includes practical applications of computational modeling Computational Modeling of Pulverized Coal Fired Boilers explores the potential of computational models for better engineering of pulverized coal boilers, providing an ideal resource for practicing engineers working in utility industries. It also benefits boiler design companies, industrial consultants, R & D laboratories, and engineering scientists/research students.
Author : National Measurement Laboratory (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Summary Report on the Workshop on High Temperature Chemical Kinetics, Applications to Combustion Research written by National Measurement Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-11 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
