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Tectonic And Climatic Control Of Physical Erosion Rates And Chemical Weathering Rates In The Sierra Nevada California
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Book Synopsis Tectonic and Climatic Control of Physical Erosion Rates and Chemical Weathering Rates in the Sierra Nevada, California by : Clifford Scott Riebe
Download or read book Tectonic and Climatic Control of Physical Erosion Rates and Chemical Weathering Rates in the Sierra Nevada, California written by Clifford Scott Riebe and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tectonic and Climactic Control of Physical Erosion Rates and Chemical Weather Rates in the Sierra Nevada, California, Inferred from Cosmogenic Nuclides and Geochmical Mass Balance by : Clifford Scott Riebe
Download or read book Tectonic and Climactic Control of Physical Erosion Rates and Chemical Weather Rates in the Sierra Nevada, California, Inferred from Cosmogenic Nuclides and Geochmical Mass Balance written by Clifford Scott Riebe and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Download or read book Hydropedology written by Henry Lin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-08-17 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overviews and fundamentals -- Case studies and applications -- Advances in modeling, mapping, and coupling.
Book Synopsis Radioactive Geochronometry by : Heinrich D Holland
Download or read book Radioactive Geochronometry written by Heinrich D Holland and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of Earth in the Solar System has been unraveled using natural radioactivity. The sources of this radioactivity are the original creation of the elements and the subsequent bombardment of objects, including Earth, in the Solar System by cosmic rays. Both radioactive and radiogenic nuclides are harnessed to arrive at ages of various events and processes on Earth. This collection of chapters from the Treatise on Geochemistry displays the range of radioactive geochronometric studies that have been addressed by researchers in various fields of Earth science. These range from the age of Earth and the Solar System to the dating of the history of Earth that assists us in defining the major events in Earth history. In addition, the use of radioactive geochronometry in describing rates of Earth surface processes, including the climate history recorded in ocean sediments and the patterns of circulation of the fluid Earth, has extended the range of utility of radioactive isotopes as chronometric and tracer tools. Comprehensive, interdisciplinary and authoritative content selected by leading subject experts Robust illustrations, figures and tables Affordably priced sampling of content from the full Treatise on Geochemistry
Book Synopsis Tectonic Geomorphology by : Douglas W. Burbank
Download or read book Tectonic Geomorphology written by Douglas W. Burbank and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-02 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tectonic geomorphology is the study of the interplay between tectonic and surface processes that shape the landscape in regions of active deformation and at time scales ranging from days to millions of years. Over the past decade, recent advances in the quantification of both rates and the physical basis of tectonic and surface processes have underpinned an explosion of new research in the field of tectonic geomorphology. Modern tectonic geomorphology is an exceptionally integrative field that utilizes techniques and data derived from studies of geomorphology, seismology, geochronology, structure, geodesy, stratigraphy, meteorology and Quaternary science. While integrating new insights and highlighting controversies from the ten years of research since the 1st edition, this 2nd edition of Tectonic Geomorphology reviews the fundamentals of the subject, including the nature of faulting and folding, the creation and use of geomorphic markers for tracing deformation, chronological techniques that are used to date events and quantify rates, geodetic techniques for defining recent deformation, and paleoseismologic approaches to calibrate past deformation. Overall, this book focuses on the current understanding of the dynamic interplay between surface processes and active tectonics. As it ranges from the timescales of individual earthquakes to the growth and decay of mountain belts, this book provides a timely synthesis of modern research for upper-level undergraduate and graduate earth science students and for practicing geologists. Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/burbank/geomorphology.
Book Synopsis The American Journal of Science by : Mrs. Gambold
Download or read book The American Journal of Science written by Mrs. Gambold and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gauging the Pace of Landscape Change - by : Kai Hu (Ph.D.)
Download or read book Gauging the Pace of Landscape Change - written by Kai Hu (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth's surface is the boundary where the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere interact. Physical erosion and chemical weathering, driven by those interactions, constantly reshape Earth's topography and modify the chemistry of Earth's upper crust by delivering sediment and solutes to river networks. These properties of Earth's surface-its morphology and chemical composition-are of wide interest because they are crucial to the functioning of Earth's environmental system. What factors set the pace of erosion and weathering? How sensitive are erosion and weathering to those factors? What determines how quickly river networks reorganize? In this thesis, I present my work on the quantitative controls on erosion, weathering, and channel network evolution in three chapters. Each chapter focuses on a different aspect of the main topic and contains new field and laboratory measurements.In Chapter One, I explore the control and mechanism of drainage divide migration. Key to this are measurements of cosmogenic 10Be in stream sediment, which I use to infer erosion rates in 54 drainage basins in the Qilian Shan of northeast Tibet. My measurements reveal a near-exponential relationship between cross-divide differences in erosion rate and channel-head values of the topographic metric i7, which previous studies have suggested is a measure of geometric disequilibrium between drainage basins. My work provides rare empirical support for the hypothesis that cross-divide differences in i7 can reflect the direction and rate of divide migration, and thus may be a useful tool in efforts to understand the controls on divide migration. In Chapter Two, I investigate the influence of climate and dust on soil chemical erosion rate. I measure soil chemical erosion rates, dust deposition rates, and soil climate along a steep climatic gradient at San Jacinto Mountain (SJM) in California, which spans nearly 3 km in elevation and is home to the largest range in mean annual temperature (~18°C) in a single unglaciated lithology in the United States. The measurements are consistent with a weak joint control of temperature and soil moisture on soil chemical erosion, and they reveal that dust is a secondary but non-negligible contributor to soil composition and mass. In Chapter Three, I investigate the sensitivity of erosion rates to topography and climate. I analyze a compilation of basin-averaged 10Be-derived erosion rates across SJM, consisting of 19 previously published erosion rates and 10 newly measured erosion rates. These data reveal a strong topographic and weak climatic control on erosion rates. They also show that SJM's most prominent drainage divide is migrating south, and that SJM's high-elevation, low-relief plateau is shrinking under migration from its northern, western, and southern boundaries. Collectively, the results in these chapters represent new efforts to quantify and better understand the controls of erosion, weathering, and drainage basin evolution.
Book Synopsis Environmental Radionuclides by : Klaus Froehlich
Download or read book Environmental Radionuclides written by Klaus Froehlich and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-09-23 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Radionuclides presents a state-of-the-art summary of knowledge on the use of radionuclides to study processes and systems in the continental part of the Earth’s environment. It is conceived as a companion to the two volumes of this series, which deal with isotopes as tracers in the marine environment (Livingston, Marine Radioactivity) and with the radioecology of natural and man-made terrestrial systems (Shaw, Radioactivity in Terrestrial Ecosystems). Although the book focuses on natural and anthropogenic radionuclides (radioactive isotopes), it also refers to stable environmental isotopes, which in a variety of applications, especially in hydrology and climatology, have to be consulted to evaluate radionuclide measurements in terms of the ages of groundwater and climate archives, respectively. The basic principles underlying the various applications of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in environmental studies are described in the first part of the book. The book covers the two major groups of applications: the use of radionuclides as tracers for studying transport and mixing processes: and as time markers to address problems of the dynamics of such systems, manifested commonly as the so-called residence time in these systems. The applications range from atmospheric pollution studies, via water resource assessments to contributions to global climate change investigation. The third part of the book addresses new challenges in the development of new methodological approaches, including analytical methods and fields of applications. A state-of-the-art summary of knowledge on the use of radionuclides Conceived as a companion to the two volumes of this series, which deal with isotopes as tracers
Book Synopsis In Situ-produced Cosmogenic Nuclides and Quantification of Geological Processes by : Lionel L. Siame
Download or read book In Situ-produced Cosmogenic Nuclides and Quantification of Geological Processes written by Lionel L. Siame and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2006 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides can provide chronologies of environmental change over the past few thousand to several millions of years and may be used to quantify a wide range of weathering and sediment transport processes. These nuclides are thus now used across a broad spectrum of earth science disciplines, including paleoclimatology, geomorphology, and active tectonics. This book is organized around sections that focus on specific aspects of the utilization of cosmogenic nuclides in earth sciences: (1) development of new methods for application of in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides (burial dating methods, extending their utilization to carbonate-rich and mafic environments); (2) glacial geology (Laurentide Ice Sheet, northern Alps); (3) active tectonics, focusing on applications to constrain slip rates of active faults in Asia (Tibet and Mongolian Gobi-Altay); and (4) landscape development (quantifying sediment production or erosion rates and processes and application of exposure dating to landslides in Hong Kong)."--Publisher's website.
Book Synopsis The American Journal of Science by :
Download or read book The American Journal of Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Feedbacks Among Chemical Weathering, Rock Strength and Erosion with Implications for the Climatic Control of Bedrock River Incision by : Brendan Patrick Murphy (Ph. D.)
Download or read book Feedbacks Among Chemical Weathering, Rock Strength and Erosion with Implications for the Climatic Control of Bedrock River Incision written by Brendan Patrick Murphy (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the processes that erode bedrock rivers and the factors that influence erosion rates is critical to predicting the feedbacks among climate, erosion and tectonics that drive the topographic evolution of unglaciated, active orogens. However, quantitative predictions for the coupling of these feedbacks are limited because the specific mechanisms by which climate controls erosion are poorly understood. Chemical weathering, a climate-dependent process, has been suggested to play a role in the erosion of bedrock rivers, but this idea has largely lacked supporting field or laboratory data. In this dissertation I present field data collected across an orographic precipitation gradient on the Kohala Peninsula of the Big Island of Hawaiʻi. This data demonstrates that the measured rock strength in bedrock river beds is a function of both climate-dependent chemical weathering and abrasional wear. Furthermore, accounting for the effect of chemical weathering on rock erodibility improves the predictions of long-term river profile evolution across Kohala Peninsula. Additional field data was collected and compared to previous experimental data of bedrock erosion in order to explore the feedbacks among chemical weathering, fluvial abrasion and topography at the scale of bed roughness. Finally, inspired by the findings of the field data, I developed a nonlinear dynamical model that finds quantifiable, predictive relationships for changes in rock strength as a function of chemical weathering and fluvial abrasion. The findings in this dissertation demonstrate that the erodibility of bedrock rivers can be influenced by the mechanism of climate-dependent chemical weathering, and that spatial distributions of rock erodibility that develop due to the interactions of chemical weathering and fluvial abrasion can influence the morphology of bedrock rivers from the scale of bed roughness to entire stream profiles.
Book Synopsis Tectonics, Climate Change and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Sierra Nevada, California by : Greg Stock
Download or read book Tectonics, Climate Change and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Sierra Nevada, California written by Greg Stock and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Climate, Physical Erosion, Parent Mineralogy, and Dust on Chemical Erosion Rates in Mountainous Terrain by : Ken Ferrier
Download or read book Effects of Climate, Physical Erosion, Parent Mineralogy, and Dust on Chemical Erosion Rates in Mountainous Terrain written by Ken Ferrier and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical weathering influences many components of the Earth system, from nutrient supply to landscape evolution to long-term climate. Despite considerable advances in understanding what controls chemical weathering in theoretical models and laboratory experiments, there is still much uncertainty surrounding the controls of chemical weathering in nature. Here I present several studies on chemical erosion rates in steep, eroding terrain. In Chapter 2, I present a 1-D numerical model for the evolution of soil mineralogy on an eroding hillslope, to quantify how much fluctuations in physical erosion rates should affect soil composition and thus estimates of chemical erosion rates inferred from soil composition. In Chapter 3, I combine new measurements of mineral abundances in soil, saprolite, and bedrock with prior measurements of soil production rates, dust deposition rates, and chemical composition in soil, saprolite, bedrock, and dust at an intensely weathered site in Puerto Rico. These data suggest this suite of measurements can -- for abundant, soluble mineral phases -- produce estimates of long-term mineral-specific weathering rates with uncertainties smaller than 20% of the mean. Lastly, I discuss new measurements of soil production rates and rock and soil composition along two steep altitudinal (and hence climatic) transects in the Idaho Batholith. In Chapter 4, I show how these data may be combined with measurements of dust composition to quantify long-term dust deposition rates. Under the assumption that mafic-rich dust from the nearby Palouse loess has been mixed into the otherwise granitic Idaho soils, I calculate dust deposition rates of 3-13 t km-2 yr-1 at our field sites, consistent with modern dust deposition rates measured elsewhere in the western United States. In Chapter 5, I show that mean annual soil temperature exerts no discernible effect on chemical erosion rates or on the degree of chemical weathering across these Idaho field sites. These measurements also show that the degree of chemical weathering, but not the rate of chemical erosion, increases with (a) the annual duration of wet conditions in the soil, and (b) soil residence time. Contrary to many prior measurements in similar terrain, these measurements are consistent with kinetic-limited weathering, rather than supply-limited weathering.
Book Synopsis Potential Effects of Climate Change on Streamflow, Eastern and Western Slopes of the Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada by : Anne E Jeton
Download or read book Potential Effects of Climate Change on Streamflow, Eastern and Western Slopes of the Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada written by Anne E Jeton and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Subsurface Weathering Controls on Landscapes and Ecosystems in the Southern Sierra Nevada, California by : Russell P. Callahan
Download or read book Subsurface Weathering Controls on Landscapes and Ecosystems in the Southern Sierra Nevada, California written by Russell P. Callahan and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In mountain landscapes the physical and chemical weathering of rock creates a layer of fractured rock, saprolite, and soil that is vital to many ecological, hydrological, and geomorphic processes. Despite the importance of subsurface weathering to a variety of processes the factors that control variations in weathering across landscapes are poorly understood, in part because subsurface weathering below the top meter or so of soil is rarely measured. To overcome this limitation I quantified the role of lithology in controlling weathering zone thickness and porosity using geophysical techniques which image below soils and capture variability in weathering across hillslopes. Additionally, I used measurements of cosmogenic 10Be to quantify rates and timescales of hillslope weathering over the last 2.7 Myr. Together these measurements are used to explore how weathering influences geomorphic and ecological processes in the southern Sierra Nevada, California. The thick weathering profiles observed in the southern Sierra Nevada can explain the preservation of the unique stepped topography due to feedbacks between weathering, grain size distributions, and rates of landscape evolution. Through these feedbacks the extensive weathering helps explain and is a product of the relatively slow rates of hillslope erosion and river incision in the region over the past ~500 kyr. Additionally, variations in weathering due to slight differences in bedrock composition across the landscape can explain spatial variations in forest drought response. This suggests that variations in lithology due to magmatic differentiation during the formation of igneous plutons ~100 Myr ago can explain spatial patterns in vegetation resilience over decadal timescales. Together these results suggest that topographic and ecological patterns on Earth's surface today are mediated by subsurface weathering which is strongly controlled by geomorphic and geologic processes that occur over millennial timescales.
Book Synopsis Weathering and Landscape Evolution by : A. Turkington
Download or read book Weathering and Landscape Evolution written by A. Turkington and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2005-08-04 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recognition of the fundamental control exerted by weathering on landscape evolution and topographic development, the 35th Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium was convened under the theme of Weathering and Landscape Evolution. The papers and posters presented at the conference imparted the state-of-the-art in weathering geomorphology, tackled the issue of scale linkage in geomorphic studies and offered a vehicle for interdisciplinary communication on research into weathering and landscape evolution. The papers included in this book are encapsulated here under the general themes of weathering mantles, weathering and relative dating, weathering and denudation, weathering processes and controls and the 'big picture'. * Contains 15 papers on the techniques and methodologies of research * Provides an up-to-date overview of various aspects of weathering and landscape evolution complemented by a number of excellent case studies * Contains a wealth of basic field data and relevant information
