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Download or read book Technology Development for Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October-December, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Technology Development for Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysis. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October--December, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fischer-Tropsch catalysts must undergo a pretreatment in order to be active. As part of the authors comprehensive study to maximize the activity of iron based precipitated Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, they are currently attempting to optimize the activation procedure. Although they are able to achieve high activity using CO pretreatment, the catalysts tend to deactivate suddenly and rapidly after 500 hr of synthesis. Kolbel reports high CO conversion comparable to these results at a lower gas flow (2.4 vs. 3.4 nL/hr-g(Fe)); however, he achieved greater stability with conversions reported to be 90% after 1,400 hrs. One possibility for Kolbel's higher stability could be due to the activation procedure. Herein are reported the initial results of a study to optimize the catalyst composition and the operating conditions for the iron based slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis when synthesis gas activation is utilized.
Download or read book Development of Precipitated Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts. Quarterly Technical Progress Report for the Period 1 October 1995 - 31 December 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Technology Development for Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysis. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 5, October 1, 1995--December 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research project is to develop the technology for the production of physically robust iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts that have suitable activity, selectivity and stability to be used in the slurry phase synthesis reactor development. The catalysts that are developed shall be suitable for testing in the Advanced Fuels Development Facility at LaPorte, Texas, to produce either low- or high-alpha product distributions. Previous work by the offeror has produced a catalyst formulation that is 1.5 times as active as the ''standard-catalyst'' developed by German workers for slurry phase synthesis. The proposed work will optimize the catalyst composition and pretreatment operation for this low-alpha catalyst. In parallel, work will be conducted to design a high-alpha iron catalyst this is suitable for slurry phase synthesis. Studies will be conducted to define the chemical phases present at various stages of the pretreatment and synthesis stages and to define the course of these changes. The oxidation/reduction cycles that are anticipated to occur in large, commercial reactors will be studied at the laboratory scale. Catalyst performance will be determined for catalysts synthesized in this program for activity, selectivity and aging characteristics. The research is divided into four major topical areas: (a) catalyst preparation and characterization, (b) product characterization, (c) reactor operations, and (d) data assessment. Accomplishments to date are described.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Development of Precipitated Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1, 1994--December 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work on Task 3. Testing of Previously Synthesized Catalysts was initiated in early October as scheduled. Two initial tests were not successful (runs SB-2764 and SB-3064). It took us a great deal of time and effort to overcome these problems, which included conducting a blank test (run SB-3184) and a test of commercial Ruhrchemie catalyst (run SB-3254). Finally, a successful test of catalyst with nominal composition 100 Fe/5 Cu/6 K/24 SiO2 (run SB-3354) was completed using a different slurry medium (Ethylflo 164 oil). Low activities in unsuccessful tests SB-2764 and SB-3064 may be due to catalyst poisoning by impurities in the initial slurry medium (purified n-octacosane from Humphrey Chemical Co.).
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Total Pages : 782 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (66 download)
Download or read book Da bei xin zhou xiang jie written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Massachusetts Under the Constitution written by and published by . This book was released on 1780 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Technology Development for Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysis. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 3, April 1, 1995--June 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research project is to develop the technology for the production of physically robust iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts that have suitable activity, selectivity and stability to be used in the slurry phase synthesis reactor development. The catalysts that are developed shall be suitable for testing in the Advanced Fuels Development Facility at LaPorte, Texas, to produce either low- or high-alpha product distributions. Previous work by the offeror has produced a catalyst formulation that is 1.5 times as active as the {open_quotes}standard-catalyst{close_quotes} developed by German workers for slurry phase synthesis. The proposed work will optimize the catalyst composition and pretreatment operation for this low-alpha catalyst. In parallel, work will be conducted to design a high-alpha iron catalyst this is suitable for slurry phase synthesis. Studies will be conducted to define the chemical phases present at various stages of the pretreatment and synthesis stages and to define the course of these changes. The oxidation/reduction cycles that are anticipated to occur in large, commercial reactors will be studied at the laboratory scale. Catalyst performance will be determined for catalysts synthesized in this program for activity, selectivity and aging characteristics. The research is divided into four major topical areas: (a) catalyst preparation and characterization, (b) product characterization, (c) reactor operations, and (d) data assessment.
Download or read book Moessbauer Spectroscopy Studies of Iron-catalysts Used in Fischer-Tropsch (FT) Processes. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October-December, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Precipitated Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, 1 January 1995-31 March 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Technology Development for Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts. Quarterly Technical Progress Report for Period Ending December 30, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact on iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts of the variables controlling the initial precipitation, subsequent aging and drying conditions have been detailed. Heat treatment of iron oxyhydroxides results in decreasing the surface area and increasing the major pore size as temperature increases, both in air and in an inert atmosphere. A shift toward higher temperature stability is seen for the same iron oxyhydroxide when co-precipitated with 6% Al2O3, SiO2, or ZrO2. Samples for characterization have been withdrawn from the reactor at increasing time intervals during pretreatment and exposure to synthesis gas. Surface area decrease and pore size increase are also observed during reaction pretreatment with CO at 260°C and 100 psi. and during the initial days of reaction under CO/H2. The major changes appear to occur during pretreatment and in the very early stages of the reaction. The effects of added promoter(s) also impact the area and/or porosity of the materials. The area and pore size distributions have shown systematic changes during increasing exposure to synthesis gas.
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Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Technology Development for Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysis. Quarterly Technical Progress Report for Period Ending March 31, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study shows that activation of a high surface area Fe2O3 catalyst in CO in a (CSTR), continuously stirred tank reactor using tetralin as solvent results in an activated that is three times of material that is activated in H2 or directly in the syngas.
Download or read book Development of Precipitated Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1995-June 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Technology Development for Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysis. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 6, January 1, 1996--March 31, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research project is to develop the technology for the production of physically robust iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts that have suitable activity, selectivity and stability to be used in the slurry phase synthesis reactor development. The catalysts that are developed shall be suitable for testing in the Advanced Fuels Development Facility at LaPorte, Texas, to produce either low- or high-alpha product distributions. Previous work by the offeror has produced a catalyst formulation that is 1.5 times as active as the ''standard-catalyst'' developed by German workers for slurry phase synthesis. The proposed work will optimize the catalyst composition and pretreatment operation for this low-alpha catalyst. In parallel, work will be conducted to design a high-alpha iron catalyst that is suitable for slurry phase synthesis. Studies will be conducted to define the chemical phases present at various stages of the pretreatment and synthesis stages and to define the course of these changes. The oxidation/reduction cycles that are anticipated to occur in large, commercial reactors will be studied at the laboratory scale. Catalyst performance will be determined for catalysts synthesized in this program for activity, selectivity and aging characteristics. The research is divided into four major topical areas: (a) catalyst preparation and characterization, (b) product characterization, (c) reactor operations, and (d) data assessment. Accomplishments for this period are discussed.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Technology Development for Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts. Quarterly Technical Progress Report for Period Ending December 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conversion data as a function of time of synthesis for the two catalysts are shown in Figures 2 and 3. In general the precipitated catalyst is more active than the iron carbide catalyst with syn-gas conversions starting at 80% as compared to 50% for the latter; however, both catalysts deactivated with increasing reaction time. A comparison of the C2, C3 and C4 olefin selectivities at 26% CO conversion (precipitated catalyst-336 hr of synthesis, iron carbide catalyst-122 hr of synthesis) are shown in Figure 4. Surprisingly the precipitated catalyst had a higher olefin content than the iron carbide catalyst. It has been reported that a similar iron carbide catalyst has higher selectivity for the production of olefins than a ''conventionally prepared'' Fe/Co catalyst. The discrepancy may be due in part to comparing the olefin selectivity of the two catalysts at different conversions. Their ''conventional catalyst'' had a C2-C4 olefin content of 37% at 72% conversion compared to 86% olefin at 55% conversion for the iron carbide catalyst. In general the olefin selectivity of a catalyst is highest at low conversions. The iron carbide catalyst of this study produces more hydrocarbons than the precipitated catalyst; furthermore, it produces a higher fraction of C3 + (86% vs. 84%) and C5+ (67% vs. 61%) hydrocarbons (Figure 5). Correspondingly, the iron carbide catalyst produces less methane and ethane than the precipitated catalyst (Figure 6). These hydrocarbon and C5+ selectivities are similar to those reported earlier.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Technology Development for Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts. Quarterly Technical Progress Report for Period Ending December 31, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report covers two aspects of the catalyst characterization studies: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two types of catalysts are the subject of this report: SEM studies with as-received, pretreated and used samples of a Ruhrchemie type catalyst and TEM examination of four crystal structures of FeOOH and Fe3O4.
