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Technological Change Firm Heterogeneity And Wage Inequality
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Book Synopsis Technological Change, Firm Heterogeneity and Wage Inequality by : Guido Matias Cortes
Download or read book Technological Change, Firm Heterogeneity and Wage Inequality written by Guido Matias Cortes and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We argue that skill-biased technological change not only affects wage gaps between skill groups, but also increases wage inequality within skill groups, across workers in different workplaces. Building on a heterogeneous firm framework with labor market frictions, we show that an industry-wide skill-biased technological change shock will increase between-firm wage inequality within the industry through four main channels: changes in the skill wage premium (as in traditional models of technological change); increased employment concentration in more productive firms; increased wage dispersion between firms for workers of the same skill type; and increased dispersion in the skill mix that firms employ, due to more sorting of skilled workers to more productive firms. Using rich administrative matched employer-employee data from Germany, we provide empirical evidence of establishment-level patterns that are in line with the predictions of the model. We further document that industries with more technological adoption exhibit particularly pronounced patterns along the dimensions highlighted by the model.
Book Synopsis The Employment Effects of Technological Change by : Jens Rubart
Download or read book The Employment Effects of Technological Change written by Jens Rubart and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-04 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The labor markets of important OECD countries show a similar picture: high wages and low unemployment for skilled workers and low wages but high unemployment for low-skilled workers. During the last 10 years this fact has been studied under the hypothesis of "skill-biased technological change" within the context of endogenous growth models. Recent research, however, has shown that the employment and wage differentials vary at business cycle frequencies.This book provides an empirical and theoretical examination of the short- and medium run impacts of technological advances on the employment and wages of workers which differ in their earned educational degree. Furthermore, by introducing labor market frictions and wage setting institutions the author shows the importance of such imperfections in order to replicate empirical facts. Due to the introduction of employment protection mechanisms and minimum wages the analysis accounts for key facts of continental European labor markets.
Book Synopsis Essays on Matching and Wage Inequality by : Son Le
Download or read book Essays on Matching and Wage Inequality written by Son Le and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent empirical analyses emphasize the essential role of within-firm heterogeneity, between-firm heterogeneity, and the firm size distribution in explaining wage inequality trends. We propose a frictionless matching model that simultaneously allows for within-firm heterogeneity, between-firm heterogeneity, and firm size distribution in a general equilibrium framework. Endowed with different production technologies, firms make decisions on the distribution of workers and the number of workers to hire according to endogenous market wages. The first welfare theorem, the second welfare theorem, and a sufficient continuity condition that guarantees both welfare theorems apply are established. The concepts of pure matching and assortative matching are generalized for this model. We define a generalized version of the twist condition and a notion of complementarity between worker types and firm types which are sufficient for pure matching and assortative matching respectively. The effect of technological change is decomposed into the substitution effect and the size effect. The substitution effect measures the change in equilibrium not allowing the firm size distribution to adjust. The size effect component in our decomposition is a new factor which measures the additional effect on equilibrium when there is an interaction between the quality choice of workers and the quantity choice of workers in a general equilibrium setting. Functional forms of production technologies allow us to analyze the substitution effect and the size effect of technological change both qualitatively and quantitatively using sector-level data. The model explains 25% of the changes in within-sector wage inequality between 1980 and 2016.
Book Synopsis Digital Technology Adoption and Jobs: A Model of Firm Heterogeneity by :
Download or read book Digital Technology Adoption and Jobs: A Model of Firm Heterogeneity written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inequality and the Labor Market by : Sharon Block
Download or read book Inequality and the Labor Market written by Sharon Block and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring a new agenda to improve outcomes for American workers As the United States continues to struggle with the impact of the devastating COVID-19 recession, policymakers have an opportunity to redress the competition problems in our labor markets. Making the right policy choices, however, requires a deep understanding of long-term, multidimensional problems. That will be solved only by looking to the failures and unrealized opportunities in anti-trust and labor law. For decades, competition in the U.S. labor market has declined, with the result that American workers have experienced slow wage growth and diminishing job quality. While sluggish productivity growth, rising globalization, and declining union representation are traditionally cited as factors for this historic imbalance in economic power, weak competition in the labor market is increasingly being recognized as a factor as well. This book by noted experts frames the legal and economic consequences of this imbalance and presents a series of urgently needed reforms of both labor and anti-trust laws to improve outcomes for American workers. These include higher wages, safer workplaces, increased ability to report labor violations, greater mobility, more opportunities for workers to build power, and overall better labor protections. Inequality in the Labor Market will interest anyone who cares about building a progressive economic agenda or who has a marked interest in labor policy. It also will appeal to anyone hoping to influence or anticipate the much-needed progressive agenda for the United States. The book's unusual scope provides prescriptions that, as Nobel Laureate Joseph Stiglitz notes in the introduction, map a path for rebalancing power, not just in our economy but in our democracy.
Author :University of Toronto. Department of Economics Publisher :Department of Economics and Institute for Policy Analysis, University of Toronto ISBN 13 : Total Pages :29 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (359 download)
Book Synopsis Endogenous Technological Change and Wage Inequality in a Skill-constrained Economy by : University of Toronto. Department of Economics
Download or read book Endogenous Technological Change and Wage Inequality in a Skill-constrained Economy written by University of Toronto. Department of Economics and published by Department of Economics and Institute for Policy Analysis, University of Toronto. This book was released on 1995 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Magnetic Materials and Their Applications by : Donglu Shi
Download or read book Nanostructured Magnetic Materials and Their Applications written by Donglu Shi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002-11-07 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: T a a a a a . T a a- a - a a a a a a a a b a a a a a- a .T a a a b a a a a .I b a- a a a a a a ,a a a .O a a a a a a a a a b a a a a a a a . T a , a a a a b a a ? . T a a a a .T a a a , a a a a a a a a a . Ab ba a a b a a a a a a a a . T a a a a a a b a a - .Ma a a a a a a a a a a a , a - , , a a a , a a a , , a , .I a , a , GMR a a a a a a a a a , a a , a RAM .E , a a , , a . a b a - a.T a ab a a a a a a a a a . I , a 21 a a a a a a a a .
Book Synopsis Firm Heterogeneity, Trade, and Wage Inequality by : Bulent Unel
Download or read book Firm Heterogeneity, Trade, and Wage Inequality written by Bulent Unel and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers a world of symmetric countries with two factors of production and two sectors. Outputs of the two sectors are imperfect substitutes and the sectors differ in relative factor intensity. Each sector contains a continuum of heterogeneous firms that produce differentiated goods within their sector. Trade is costly and there are both variable and fixed costs of exporting. The paper shows that under some plausible conditions supported by the data, trade between similar countries can increase the demand for skilled labor, which in turn increases the wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labor. The quantitative analysis suggests that such trade effects have played an important role in the increase in the US skill premium.
Book Synopsis Technological Complexity, Wage Differentials and Unemployment by : Alberto Dalmazzo
Download or read book Technological Complexity, Wage Differentials and Unemployment written by Alberto Dalmazzo and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A model is developed to analyse the relation between wages and technological complexity, as characterised by the "O-ring" theory of production. In equilibrium, the adoption of a relatively complex technology induces the employer to pay higher wages. We argue that the model can explain increased within-group wage inequality as a consequence of increased technological heterogeneity among firms.
Book Synopsis Investment-specific Technological Change, Skill Accumulation, and Wage Inequality by :
Download or read book Investment-specific Technological Change, Skill Accumulation, and Wage Inequality written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wage inequality between education groups in the United States has increased substantially since the early 1980s. The relative quantity of college-educated workers has also increased dramatically in the postwar period. This paper presents a unified framework where the dynamics of both skill accumulation and wage inequality arise as an equilibrium outcome driven by measured investment specific technological change. Working through capital-skill complementarity and endogenous skill accumulation, the model is able to account for much of the observed changes in the relative quantity of skilled workers. The model also does well in replicating the observed rise in wage inequality since the early 1980s. Based on the calibrated model, we examine the quantitative effects of some hypothetical tax-policy reforms on skill formation, inequality, and welfare.
Book Synopsis Distributional Effects of Technological Regime Changes: Hysteresis, Concentration and Inequality Dynamics by : Herbert Dawid
Download or read book Distributional Effects of Technological Regime Changes: Hysteresis, Concentration and Inequality Dynamics written by Herbert Dawid and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Skill biased technological change and rising wage inequality by : David Card
Download or read book Skill biased technological change and rising wage inequality written by David Card and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ability Biased Technological Transition, Wage Inequality and Growth by : Oded Galor
Download or read book Ability Biased Technological Transition, Wage Inequality and Growth written by Oded Galor and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays on Labor Economics by : Joanne Tan
Download or read book Essays on Labor Economics written by Joanne Tan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines the themes of sorting, inequality and the impact of technological change on the labor market. In particular, it addresses the questions of how workers sort within and between firms and how this influences labor market inequality, both in the workforce as a while, as well as between demographic and skill groups. It also considers how changes in technology affects the labor market conditions faced by workers and firms. These questions are tackled over three chapters. The first chapter, entitled `Multidimensional heterogeneity and matching in a frictional labor market - an application to polarization' deals with the sorting of workers to firms along multidimensional characteristics and quantifies the impact of technological change on the evolution of sorting patterns, wages and employment outcomes of different skill and demographic groups. I construct a model of directed search with two-sided multidimensional heterogeneity and estimate the model on US data. I find that production complementarities between cognitive and interpersonal skills and tasks have increased, relative to hat between manual skills and manual tasks. This change in production technology accounts for a large part of wage and job polarization in the US. Also, despite being gender-blind, the model can explain a substantial fraction of the narrowing of gender wage and job rank gaps from the 1980s to the present day. The second chapter, entitled `Intra-firm hierarchies and gender gaps' and coauthored with Nicolo Dalvit and Aseem Patel, studies the sorting of women into layers of hierarchy within firms, using administrative French data, and examines the incidence of gender wage and employment gaps across hierarchies over time. Further, by exploiting a policy on corporate board quotas in France, it assesses the impact of an increase in female leadership on gender wage and employment outcomes within firms. We find that hierarchies matter in gender wage and employment gaps. Gender wage and employment gaps increase with each layer of firm hierarchy, even if these gaps narrow more over time in the upper layers. In addition, improvements in top female leadership has differing impacts across hierarchies. While a greater share of female corporate board members narrows the gender wage gap in top layers of hierarchy, it has no such impact on lower layers. Instead, it increases the share of women in lower layers working part-time, at the expense of full-time employment. The opposite is true for women in upper layers. The third chapter, `Occupational Shortage and Labor Market Adjustments: a Theory of Islands', coauthored with Riccardo Zago, addresses the incidence of occupational shortage, and assesses whether it leads to wage and employment adjustments. Using a unique dataset on reported vacancies that firms find difficult to fill, we document the incidence of shortage across regions, industries and occupation groups. We find that shortage only leads to wage and employment adjustments in non-routine occupations, but not in routine occupations. We show how the secular decline of the routine occupations, caused by technological change, can account for the persistence in shortage in the routine sector and its inability to adjust.
Book Synopsis Robot Adoption, Worker-firm Sorting and Wage Inequality by : Ester Faia
Download or read book Robot Adoption, Worker-firm Sorting and Wage Inequality written by Ester Faia and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leveraging the geographic dimension of a large administrative panel on employer- employee contracts, we study the impact of robot adoption on wage inequality through changes in worker-firm assortativity. Using recently developed methods to correctly and robustly estimate worker and firm unobserved characteristics, we find that robot adoption increases wage inequality by fostering both horizontal and vertical task specialization across firms. In local economies where robot penetration has been more pronounced, workers performing similar tasks have disproportionately clustered in the same firms ('segregation'). Moreover, such clustering has been characterized by the concentration of higher earners performing more complex tasks in firms paying higher wages ('sorting'). These firms are more productive and poach more aggressively. We rationalize these findings through a simple extension of a well-established class of models with two-sided heterogeneity, on-the-job search, rent sharing and employee Bertrand poaching. We conclude that our empirical findings reveal the presence of both 'routine-biased technological change' (RBTC), whereby new technology decreases the relative demand for workers in traditional routine tasks, and 'core-biased technological change' (CBTC), whereby new technology requires workers with specialized knowledge independently of their tasks being more or less routine intensive.
Book Synopsis Technology, Inequality and Work-Sharing by : Thomas Moutos
Download or read book Technology, Inequality and Work-Sharing written by Thomas Moutos and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of technological change on wage inequality are usually studied under the assumption of exogenous supplies of skilled and unskilled workers. Moreover, in these studies there is no distinction between the stock (number of workers) and the flow (hours of work) dimension of labour services. In the present paper we construct a model in which hours of work and technological change affect both the (relative) demand and supply of unskilled workers. The labour supply of unskilled workers (numbers of persons) is derived from a model of household labour supply in which households consist of two potential participants in the labour force. The households are assumed to differ in only one dimension regarding their preferences, i.e. the disutility suffered when the second household member works. Combining together the (relative) supply and demand parts of the model we are able to study the effects of technological change on wage and income inequality. This framework is also used in order to inquire whether work sharing is a reasonable response if one wants to fight increases in inequality resulting from fast technological change. In addition, we examine whether in a three factor model the main presumption in favour of skill biased technological change can be reconciled with the facts.
Book Synopsis Trade and Inequality by : Pinelopi K. Goldberg
Download or read book Trade and Inequality written by Pinelopi K. Goldberg and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research review brings together the most influential theoretical and empirical contributions to the topic of trade and inequality from recent years. Segregating the subject into four key areas, it forms a comprehensive study of the subject, targeted at academic readers familiar with the main trade models and empirical methods used in economics. The first two parts cover empirical evidence on trade and inequality in developed and developing countries, while the third and fourth sections confront transition dynamics following trade liberalization and new theoretical contributions inspired by the previously-discussed empirical evidence, respectively. Presented with an extensive original introduction by the editor, Trade and Inequality will be an invaluable tool in the study of this field to advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and faculty alike.
