Techno-economic performance review of selected fishing fleets in North and South America

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Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251328722
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Techno-economic performance review of selected fishing fleets in North and South America by : Kitts, A., Van Anrooy, R., Van Eijs, S., Pino Shibata, J., Pallalever Pérez, R., Gonçalves, A.A., Ardini, G., Liese, C., Pan, M., Steiner, E.

Download or read book Techno-economic performance review of selected fishing fleets in North and South America written by Kitts, A., Van Anrooy, R., Van Eijs, S., Pino Shibata, J., Pallalever Pérez, R., Gonçalves, A.A., Ardini, G., Liese, C., Pan, M., Steiner, E. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This techno-economic performance review of selected fishing fleets in North and South America presents the findings of four country level studies of fishing fleets in the United States of America, Brazil, Chile and Peru. The review includes financial and economic information of 21 fishing fleet segments, including shrimp and groundfish trawlers, demersal trawlers, longliners, purse seiners, dredgers as well as hook and line fishing vessels. Analysis of the costs and earnings data of these important fishing fleet segments in North and South America, using survey data from 2012 -2017 for the US fleet segments and 2018 data for the South American countries’ fleets showed that 81 percent of the fleet segments had a positive net cash flow. The net profit margins of 38 percent of the 21 fishing fleet segments were >10%. Two-thirds (67%) of the fleet segments presented positive results in terms of their capital productivity as the return on fixed tangible assets (ROFTA) was positive. Twenty four percent of the fleet segments showed return on investment (ROI) figures of twenty percent or more. A majority of the Chilean and Peruvian fleet segments had ROIs of ten percent or higher in 2018. The financial and economic performance of the fishing fleet segments is not only affected by the seafood prices, but also by the fisheries management regime in place, fish species targeted, fish stock status and fishing methods and technologies applied. The age structure of the fishing vessels shows an increasing trend for most of the fishing fleet segments in this review, which adds to the apparent profitability of the vessels in these fleet segments as depreciation and interests on loans are minimized.

Techno-economic performance review of selected fishing fleets in Europe

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Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251326681
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Techno-economic performance review of selected fishing fleets in Europe by : Carvalho, N.; Anrooy, R.;Vassdal, T.; Dağtekin, M.

Download or read book Techno-economic performance review of selected fishing fleets in Europe written by Carvalho, N.; Anrooy, R.;Vassdal, T.; Dağtekin, M. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This techno-economic performance review of selected fishing fleets in Europe presents the findings of European country level studies of fishing fleets of Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The review includes financial and economic information of 42 fishing fleet segments, including demersal trawlers, purse seiners, pelagic trawlers, long-liners, coastal fishing vessels using passive gears, pots and traps fishing vessels and small-scale hand-liners. Analysis of the costs and earnings data of 42 of the main fishing fleet segments in Europe in 2016 showed that all types of vessels had a positive gross cash flow. The average net profit margin of the 41 fishing fleet segments analysed was very good with 20 percent. Eighty-five percent of the fleet segments presented positive return on fixed tangible assets (ROFTAs) of 10 percent and higher. However, 38 percent of the fleet segments demonstrated return on investment (ROI) percentages lower than 10 percent. Comparing the 2016 financial and economic performance results with those of some of the same fleet segments included in the 2002-03 review study, it is clear that general fishing fleet performance in Europe improved. All eight countries together saw a decrease in the number of fishing vessels between 2008 and 2016 of 10 percent, from nearly 60 000 to less than 54 000 vessels. Each of the countries also saw a reduction in total fleet capacity in gross tonnage (GT) and kilowatts (kW). The vessel age structure showed an increasing trend for most of the fishing fleet segments.

Techno-economic performance review of selected fishing fleets in Asia

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Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251334900
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Techno-economic performance review of selected fishing fleets in Asia by : Van Anrooy, R., Mukherjee, R., Wakamatsu, H., Song, L., Muawanah, U., Jin Cha, B., Narayana Kumar, R., Parappurathu, S., Yadava, Y.S., Tietze, U.

Download or read book Techno-economic performance review of selected fishing fleets in Asia written by Van Anrooy, R., Mukherjee, R., Wakamatsu, H., Song, L., Muawanah, U., Jin Cha, B., Narayana Kumar, R., Parappurathu, S., Yadava, Y.S., Tietze, U. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This techno-economic performance review of selected fishing fleets in Asia presents the findings of six country level studies of fishing fleets in Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Japan and the Republic of Korea. The review includes financial and economic information of 27 major fishing fleet segments, including trawlers, gillnetters, long liners, jiggers, purse seiners, as well as pole and line fishing vessels. An analysis of the costs and earnings data of these important fishing fleet segments in Asia was carried out using national statistics of 2017 for the Japanese and the Korean fleet segments and 2018-19 survey data for the other countries. Eighty-nine percent of the 27 fishing fleet segments reported positive net cash flows. Seventy percent of the fishing fleets realized net profit margins of more than 10 percent. Eighty-one percent of the fishing fleets reported positive results in terms of their capital productivity, as theirs returns on fixed tangible assets (ROFTAs) were positive.The review shows that investments in fishing vessels and fishing operations of these major Asian fishing fleets are generally profitable. Marine capture fishing is a financially viable economic activity in all six major fishing nations included in the review. It generates enough income to cover depreciation costs, interest and loan repayments, and provides sufficient financial resources for reinvestment. Nearly 60 percent of the fishing fleets generated returns on investment (ROIs) of 15 percent and higher, which signals an attractive sector for investments. The total gross value added (GVA) of the 27 fishing fleets to the Asian regional economy was substantial and estimated at around USD 66 billion. The review also reveals a need for adequate management measures, including fleet capacity management plans, to improve the status of fish stock in the region and maintain a healthy and profitable fishing sector.

Review of the techno-economic performance of the main global fishing fleets

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Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251344701
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Review of the techno-economic performance of the main global fishing fleets by : Van Anrooy, R., Carvalho, N., Kitts, A., Mukherjee, R., Van Eijs, S., Japp, D., Ndao, S.

Download or read book Review of the techno-economic performance of the main global fishing fleets written by Van Anrooy, R., Carvalho, N., Kitts, A., Mukherjee, R., Van Eijs, S., Japp, D., Ndao, S. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-06-11 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review of the techno-economic performance of the main global fishing fleets discusses the outcomes from 20 country-level studies of fishing fleets from Africa, Asia, Europe, North and South America. It includes financial, socio-economic and technical information from 103 major (semi-) industrial fishing fleet segments, which are responsible for an estimated 39 percent of marine capture fisheries production worldwide. The analysis of vessel characteristics reveals substantial differences in fishing capacity (in terms of vessel length, tonnage and power) between fleet segments. An increase in the gross tonnage of average vessels was observed in fleet segments also covered in previous reviews. Substantial increases in average length overall and engine power were observed in several Asian fishing fleets. The age structure of the fishing fleets in most regions, except Asia, shows an upward trend. An analysis of the costs and earnings data showed that labour and running costs were the two main cost components for the majority of fleet segments. Ninety-two percent of 97 fleet segments reported a positive net cash flow in the year they were surveyed, in the 2016–2019 period. Net profit margins of 10 percent or more were realized by average fishing vessels in 73 percent of the fleet segments. Returns on investment (ROIs) of 10 percent or higher were realized by 61 percent of the fleet segments. The review also discusses developments in fishing technologies. These developments, along with a general increase in seafood prices, successful fisheries management in some areas, and improved fleet capacity management in Europe and North America, have all contributed to the ongoing, positive financial and economic performance of the main global fishing fleets in recent years.

Review of the Techno-economic Performances of the Main Global Fishing Fleets

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789251346266
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis Review of the Techno-economic Performances of the Main Global Fishing Fleets by : Raymon van Anrooy

Download or read book Review of the Techno-economic Performances of the Main Global Fishing Fleets written by Raymon van Anrooy and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review of the techno-economic performance of the main global fishing fleets discusses the outcomes from 20 country-level studies of fishing fleets from Africa, Asia, Europe, North and South America. It includes financial, socio-economic and technical information from 103 major (semi-) industrial fishing fleet segments, which are responsible for an estimated 39 percent of marine capture fisheries production worldwide. The analysis of vessel characteristics reveals substantial differences in fishing capacity (in terms of vessel length, tonnage and power) between fleet segments. An increase in the gross tonnage of average vessels was observed in fleet segments also covered in previous reviews. Substantial increases in average length overall and engine power were observed in several Asian fishing fleets. The age structure of the fishing fleets in most regions, except Asia, shows an upward trend. An analysis of the costs and earnings data showed that labour and running costs were the two main cost components for the majority of fleet segments. Ninety-two percent of 97 fleet segments reported a positive net cash flow in the year they were surveyed, in the 2016-2019 period. Net profit margins of 10 percent or more were realized by average fishing vessels in 73 percent of the fleet segments. Returns on investment (ROIs) of 10 percent or higher were realized by 61 percent of the fleet segments. The review also discusses developments in fishing technologies. These developments, along with a general increase in seafood prices, successful fisheries management in some areas, and improved fleet capacity management in Europe and North America, have all contributed to the ongoing, positive financial and economic performance of the main global fishing fleets in recent years.

World review of capture fisheries and aquaculture insurance 2022

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Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251360588
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis World review of capture fisheries and aquaculture insurance 2022 by : Van Anrooy, R., Espinoza Córdova, F., Japp, D., Valderrama, D., Gopal Karmakar, K., Lengyel, P., Parappurathu, S., Upare, S., Tietze, U., Costelloe, T., Zhang, Z.

Download or read book World review of capture fisheries and aquaculture insurance 2022 written by Van Anrooy, R., Espinoza Córdova, F., Japp, D., Valderrama, D., Gopal Karmakar, K., Lengyel, P., Parappurathu, S., Upare, S., Tietze, U., Costelloe, T., Zhang, Z. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2022-04-15 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This world review of capture fisheries and aquaculture insurance presents the findings of five regional and four national reports conducted in 2020. An estimated 450 000 fishing vessels worldwide are covered by marine hull insurance. Nearly all of the estimated 67 800 large-scale industrial fishing vessels are covered by marine hull insurance, as well as 50–60 percent of the estimated 430 000 semi-industrial fishing vessels. However, over 95 percent of the 2.3 million motorized small-scale fishing vessels operate uninsured. Most small-scale fishers do not have access to adequate insurance services. Between 2009 and 2019, underwriting experiences in fishing vessel insurance were generally reported as “Good”. What is more, access to accident, life and health insurance services for crew on fishing vessels and small-scale fishers in developing countries has improved in recent years. In 2020, the number of aquaculture insurance policies in force was estimated at over 40 000 worldwide, with China and Indonesia the largest markets for this type of insurance. While large-scale aquaculture producers are well served by the insurance industry, the provision of insurance is inadequate for mediumand small-scale farmers, particularly in Asia. Underwriting experiences for aquaculture stock mortality insurance were reported as “Good” to “Very good” (40 percent), or “Neutral” (36 percent). The insurance industry has consolidated the market and increased profitability in aquaculture insurance. This world review contains information on the capture fisheries and aquaculture insurance market, the prevailing underwriting practices, perils covered, policies in force, risk management and claim handling procedures. Finally, it offers a series of recommendations for increasing insurance service provision to the fisheries and aquaculture industries.

FAO publications catalogue 2021

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Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 925134289X
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis FAO publications catalogue 2021 by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book FAO publications catalogue 2021 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-04-28 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This catalogue aims to improve the dissemination and outreach of FAO’s knowledge products and overall publishing programme. By providing information on its key publications in every area of FAO’s work, and catering to a range of audiences, it thereby contributes to all organizational outcomes. From statistical analysis to specialized manuals to children’s books, FAO publications cater to a diverse range of audiences. This catalogue presents a selection of FAO’s main publications, produced in 2020 or earlier, ranging from its global reports and general interest publications to numerous specialized titles. In addition to the major themes of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, it also includes thematic sections on climate change, economic and social development, and food safety and nutrition.

Report of the Expert Meeting on Methodologies for Conducting Fishing Fleet Techno-Economic Performance Reviews, Chennai, India, 18-20 September 2018

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Publisher : Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Report of the Expert Meeting on Methodologies for Conducting Fishing Fleet Techno-Economic Performance Reviews, Chennai, India, 18-20 September 2018 by : Food And Agriculture Organization

Download or read book Report of the Expert Meeting on Methodologies for Conducting Fishing Fleet Techno-Economic Performance Reviews, Chennai, India, 18-20 September 2018 written by Food And Agriculture Organization and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2019 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Expert Meeting on Methodologies for conducting fishing fleet techno-economic performance reviews was held in Chennai, India, 18-20 September 2018. The Meeting was attended by fisheries economists from China, European Union, India, Indonesia, Norway, Thailand, United Kingdom and the United States of America. The Meeting was co-organized by the Bay of Bengal Programme - Intergovernmental Organization (BOBP-IGO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The Meeting brought together a group of key fisheries economists with experience in fishing fleet reviews to: 1) present and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various methodologies applied for reviewing the economic and technical performance of fishing fleets, 2) develop and agree on a general sampling/survey methodology for conducting technoeconomic performance reviews, which can be applied also in developing countries, and 3) discuss technological innovations that have taken place in the last 10 years that had an impact on the economic and financial performance of fishing fleets. The Expert Meeting agreed on data and information to be collected in the 2018-2019 surveys for the FAO global review of techno-economic performance of fishing fleets and on the financial and economic indicators to be applied in the analysis."--Page 4 of cover.

Economic Performance and Fishing Efficiency of Marine Capture Fisheries

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Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9789251053249
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (532 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Performance and Fishing Efficiency of Marine Capture Fisheries by : Uwe Tietze

Download or read book Economic Performance and Fishing Efficiency of Marine Capture Fisheries written by Uwe Tietze and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication sets out the findings of studies on the economic and financial performance of marine capture fisheries carried out in 13 African, Asian, Caribbean, European and South American countries during 2002 and 2003, replacing previously published results from 1999-2000 and 1995-1997. It includes the 94 most important fishing fleets operating in these countries that generally experienced positive gross cash flows and fully recovered their operating costs. The publication also contains the findings of two recent empirical studies on fishing efficiency presented at the 2004 session of the FAO/ICES Working Group on fishing technology and fish behaviour.

Economic Viability of Marine Capture Fisheries

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Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9789251042458
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Viability of Marine Capture Fisheries by : Jean-Michel Lery

Download or read book Economic Viability of Marine Capture Fisheries written by Jean-Michel Lery and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1999 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1995 and 1997, FAO in cooperation with fisheries research institutions and administrations in selected countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe, carried out studies on the economic and financial viability of the most common fishing craft and gear combinations. Information on the level of exploitation of fisheries resources as well as government policies on fisheries management, financial services, etc., was also collected. The countries covered by the studies include Peru, Argentina, Senegal, Ghana, China, Republic of Korea, Taiwan Province of China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, France, Spain and Germany. Together, they accounted for about 48 per cent of the total marine capture fisheries production in South America, Europe, Africa and Asia which again accounted for 84 per cent of the global marine capture fisheries production in 1995. The findings of the studies were presented and discussed at an interregional workshop which was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from 15 to 18 December 1997. They suggest that - in spite of fully and sometimes over-exploited fisheries resources - in most cases, marine capture fisheries is an economically and financially viable undertaking which generates sufficient revenue to cover the cost of depreciation as well as the opportunity cost of capital to generate funds for reinvestment in addition to employment, income and foreign exchange earnings.

Techno-economic Performance of Marine Capture Fisheries

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Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9789251046937
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (469 download)

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Book Synopsis Techno-economic Performance of Marine Capture Fisheries by : Uwe Tietze

Download or read book Techno-economic Performance of Marine Capture Fisheries written by Uwe Tietze and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Only three types of vessels i.e.

World Fishing Fleets

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis World Fishing Fleets by :

Download or read book World Fishing Fleets written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Marine and Fisheries Policies in Latin America

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429761236
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine and Fisheries Policies in Latin America by : Manuel Ruiz Muller

Download or read book Marine and Fisheries Policies in Latin America written by Manuel Ruiz Muller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-30 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the frameworks and implementation of marine, fishery and coastal laws and policies in Chile, Mexico and Peru. Chile, Mexico and Peru share biodiverse coastal and marine environments which are being affected by unregulated and informal developments, and thus share similar challenges. Each country is currently at a different stage of advancement in their institutional response to these complex challenges. By providing a comparison of the frameworks, approaches and overall implementation of policies and laws, this book acts as a tool to influence and inform further efforts in conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, particularly fisheries, in these countries and others in Latin America and the Caribbean. A broad range of issues are covered including food security, tourism, fisheries, oil and mineral extraction from the seabed, wind power, coastal and marine pollution and endangered species conservation. The chapters compare how each country addresses these issues from an institutional, legal and policy perspective. The book concludes by identifying common lessons, reoccurring challenges and develops scalable recommendations applicable to the case study countries and the wider region. The book will be of interest to advanced students, policy makers and researchers in marine and fishery science, law and policy.

Advances in Fisheries Science

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444302663
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Fisheries Science by : Andrew I. L. Payne

Download or read book Advances in Fisheries Science written by Andrew I. L. Payne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-01-22 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book brings readers up to date on the wide range of advances made in fisheries science since the publication in 1957 of On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations (Beverton and Holt), regarded by many fisheries scientists as one of the most important books on fisheries yet published. Traditional fishery subjects covered include historic declines and changes in fishing fleets, fisheries management and stock assessments, data-poor situations, simulation and modelling of fished stocks, fisheries economics, assessing reproductive potential and dispersal of larvae, fisheries for sharks and rays, and use of marine technology. Additionally, related subjects of increasing importance now that ecological approaches to management are coming to the fore are presented. They include benthic ecology, ecosystem changes linked to fishing, life history theory, the effects of chemicals on fish reproduction, and use of sounds in the sea by marine life. Several chapters offer stimulating philosophical discussion of the many controversial areas still existing. This significant book, edited by Andy Payne, John Cotter and Ted Potter and containing contributions by world-renowned fisheries scientists, including many based at Cefas (where Beverton and Holt's original work was carried out) is an essential purchase for fisheries managers and scientists, fish biologists, marine scientists and ecologists. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where fisheries and biological sciences are studied and taught are likely to need copies of this landmark publication.

Commercial Fisheries Review

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Commercial Fisheries Review by :

Download or read book Commercial Fisheries Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cities and Their Vital Systems

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309037860
Total Pages : 1298 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (378 download)

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Book Synopsis Cities and Their Vital Systems by : Advisory Committee on Technology and Society

Download or read book Cities and Their Vital Systems written by Advisory Committee on Technology and Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 1298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cities and Their Vital Systems asks basic questions about the longevity, utility, and nature of urban infrastructures; analyzes how they grow, interact, and change; and asks how, when, and at what cost they should be replaced. Among the topics discussed are problems arising from increasing air travel and airport congestion; the adequacy of water supplies and waste treatment; the impact of new technologies on construction; urban real estate values; and the field of "telematics," the combination of computers and telecommunications that makes money machines and national newspapers possible.

Second Meeting of the Technical Advisory Committee of the FAO Project Management of Tuna Fishing Capacity: Conservation and Socio-economics

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Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9789251052976
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (529 download)

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Book Synopsis Second Meeting of the Technical Advisory Committee of the FAO Project Management of Tuna Fishing Capacity: Conservation and Socio-economics by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Second Meeting of the Technical Advisory Committee of the FAO Project Management of Tuna Fishing Capacity: Conservation and Socio-economics written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication contains papers relating to the FAO project on tuna fisheries management. Topics discussed include: the development of tuna fisheries and resources, trends in tuna catches and market influences, the status of tuna stocks, fishing capacity of industrial tuna purse-seine and longline fleets, a global study of non-industrial tuna fisheries, problems of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and overcapacity of tuna fishing vessels.