Technical Advancements Of Machine Learning In Healthcare

Download Technical Advancements Of Machine Learning In Healthcare full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Technical Advancements Of Machine Learning In Healthcare ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Author : Adam Bohr
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128184396
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare by : Adam Bohr

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare written by Adam Bohr and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-21 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare is more than a comprehensive introduction to artificial intelligence as a tool in the generation and analysis of healthcare data. The book is split into two sections where the first section describes the current healthcare challenges and the rise of AI in this arena. The ten following chapters are written by specialists in each area, covering the whole healthcare ecosystem. First, the AI applications in drug design and drug development are presented followed by its applications in the field of cancer diagnostics, treatment and medical imaging. Subsequently, the application of AI in medical devices and surgery are covered as well as remote patient monitoring. Finally, the book dives into the topics of security, privacy, information sharing, health insurances and legal aspects of AI in healthcare. - Highlights different data techniques in healthcare data analysis, including machine learning and data mining - Illustrates different applications and challenges across the design, implementation and management of intelligent systems and healthcare data networks - Includes applications and case studies across all areas of AI in healthcare data

Technical Advancements of Machine Learning in Healthcare

Author : Hrudaya Kumar Tripathy
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813346981
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Technical Advancements of Machine Learning in Healthcare by : Hrudaya Kumar Tripathy

Download or read book Technical Advancements of Machine Learning in Healthcare written by Hrudaya Kumar Tripathy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-27 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on various advanced technologies which integrate with machine learning to assist one of the most leading industries, healthcare. It presents recent research works based on machine learning approaches supported by medical and information communication technologies with the use of data and image analysis. The book presents insight about techniques which broadly deals in delivery of quality, accurate and affordable healthcare solutions by predictive, proactive and preventative methods. The book also explores the possible use of machine learning in enterprises, such as enhanced medical imaging/diagnostics, understanding medical data, drug discovery and development, robotic surgery and automation, radiation treatments, creating electronic smart records and outbreak prediction.

Machine Learning and the Internet of Medical Things in Healthcare

Author : Krishna Kant Singh
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012823217X
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Machine Learning and the Internet of Medical Things in Healthcare by : Krishna Kant Singh

Download or read book Machine Learning and the Internet of Medical Things in Healthcare written by Krishna Kant Singh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-04-14 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Machine Learning and the Internet of Medical Things in Healthcare discusses the applications and challenges of machine learning for healthcare applications. The book provides a platform for presenting machine learning-enabled healthcare techniques and offers a mathematical and conceptual background of the latest technology. It describes machine learning techniques along with the emerging platform of the Internet of Medical Things used by practitioners and researchers worldwide. The book includes deep feed forward networks, regularization, optimization algorithms, convolutional networks, sequence modeling, and practical methodology. It also presents the concepts of the Internet of Things, the set of technologies that develops traditional devices into smart devices. Finally, the book offers research perspectives, covering the convergence of machine learning and IoT. It also presents the application of these technologies in the development of healthcare frameworks. - Provides an introduction to the Internet of Medical Things through the principles and applications of machine learning - Explains the functions and applications of machine learning in various applications such as ultrasound imaging, biomedical signal processing, robotics, and biomechatronics - Includes coverage of the evolution of healthcare applications with machine learning, including Clinical Decision Support Systems, artificial intelligence in biomedical engineering, and AI-enabled connected health informatics, supported by real-world case studies

Computer Vision In Medical Imaging

Author : Chi Hau Chen
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814460958
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Computer Vision In Medical Imaging by : Chi Hau Chen

Download or read book Computer Vision In Medical Imaging written by Chi Hau Chen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-11-18 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major progress in computer vision allows us to make extensive use of medical imaging data to provide us better diagnosis, treatment and predication of diseases. Computer vision can exploit texture, shape, contour and prior knowledge along with contextual information from image sequence and provide 3D and 4D information that helps with better human understanding. Many powerful tools have been available through image segmentation, machine learning, pattern classification, tracking, reconstruction to bring much needed quantitative information not easily available by trained human specialists. The aim of the book is for both medical imaging professionals to acquire and interpret the data, and computer vision professionals to provide enhanced medical information by using computer vision techniques. The final objective is to benefit the patients without adding to the already high medical costs.

Deep Learning Applications in Medical Imaging

Author : Saxena, Sanjay
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799850722
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Deep Learning Applications in Medical Imaging by : Saxena, Sanjay

Download or read book Deep Learning Applications in Medical Imaging written by Saxena, Sanjay and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-10-16 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the modern age of medicine, the chance of surviving a terminal disease such as cancer was minimal at best. After embracing the age of computer-aided medical analysis technologies, however, detecting and preventing individuals from contracting a variety of life-threatening diseases has led to a greater survival percentage and increased the development of algorithmic technologies in healthcare. Deep Learning Applications in Medical Imaging is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the application of generating pictorial depictions of the interior of a body for medical intervention and clinical analysis. While highlighting topics such as artificial neural networks, disease prediction, and healthcare analysis, this publication explores image acquisition and pattern recognition as well as the methods of treatment and care. This book is ideally designed for diagnosticians, medical imaging specialists, healthcare professionals, physicians, medical researchers, academicians, and students.

Integrating AI in IoT Analytics on the Cloud for Healthcare Applications

Author : Jeya Mala, D.
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799891348
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Integrating AI in IoT Analytics on the Cloud for Healthcare Applications by : Jeya Mala, D.

Download or read book Integrating AI in IoT Analytics on the Cloud for Healthcare Applications written by Jeya Mala, D. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2022-01-07 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internet of things (IoT) applications employed for healthcare generate a huge amount of data that needs to be analyzed to produce the expected reports. To accomplish this task, a cloud-based analytical solution is ideal in order to generate faster reports in comparison to the traditional way. Given the current state of the world in which every day IoT devices are developed to provide healthcare solutions, it is essential to consider the mechanisms used to collect and analyze the data to provide thorough reports. Integrating AI in IoT Analytics on the Cloud for Healthcare Applications applies artificial intelligence (AI) in edge analytics for healthcare applications, analyzes the impact of tools and techniques in edge analytics for healthcare, and discusses security solutions for edge analytics in healthcare IoT. Covering topics such as data analytics and next generation healthcare systems, it is ideal for researchers, academicians, technologists, IT specialists, data scientists, healthcare industries, IoT developers, data security analysts, educators, and students.

Quality Assurance in the Era of Individualized Medicine

Author : Moumtzoglou, Anastasius S.
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799823911
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Quality Assurance in the Era of Individualized Medicine by : Moumtzoglou, Anastasius S.

Download or read book Quality Assurance in the Era of Individualized Medicine written by Moumtzoglou, Anastasius S. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-11-29 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a significant deficiency among contemporary medicine practices reflected by experts making medical decisions for a large proportion of the population for which no or minimal data exists. Fortunately, our capacity to procure and apply such information is rapidly rising. As medicine becomes more individualized, the implementation of health IT and data interoperability become essential components to delivering quality healthcare. Quality Assurance in the Era of Individualized Medicine is a collection of innovative research on the methods and utilization of digital readouts to fashion an individualized therapy instead of a mass-population-directed strategy. While highlighting topics including assistive technologies, patient management, and clinical practices, this book is ideally designed for health professionals, doctors, nurses, hospital management, medical administrators, IT specialists, data scientists, researchers, academicians, and students.

AI Innovation in Medical Imaging Diagnostics

Author : Anbarasan, Kalaivani
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799830934
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis AI Innovation in Medical Imaging Diagnostics by : Anbarasan, Kalaivani

Download or read book AI Innovation in Medical Imaging Diagnostics written by Anbarasan, Kalaivani and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advancements in the technology of medical imaging, such as CT and MRI scanners, are making it possible to create more detailed 3D and 4D images. These powerful images require vast amounts of digital data to help with the diagnosis of the patient. Artificial intelligence (AI) must play a vital role in supporting with the analysis of this medical imaging data, but it will only be viable as long as healthcare professionals and AI interact to embrace deep thinking platforms such as automation in the identification of diseases in patients. AI Innovation in Medical Imaging Diagnostics is an essential reference source that examines AI applications in medical imaging that can transform hospitals to become more efficient in the management of patient treatment plans through the production of faster imaging and the reduction of radiation dosages through the PET and SPECT imaging modalities. The book also explores how data clusters from these images can be translated into small data packages that can be accessed by healthcare departments to give a real-time insight into patient care and required interventions. Featuring research on topics such as assistive healthcare, cancer detection, and machine learning, this book is ideally designed for healthcare administrators, radiologists, data analysts, computer science professionals, medical imaging specialists, diagnosticians, medical professionals, researchers, and students.

Machine Learning Applications Using Python

Author : Puneet Mathur
Publisher : Apress
ISBN 13 : 1484237870
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (842 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Machine Learning Applications Using Python by : Puneet Mathur

Download or read book Machine Learning Applications Using Python written by Puneet Mathur and published by Apress. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gain practical skills in machine learning for finance, healthcare, and retail. This book uses a hands-on approach by providing case studies from each of these domains: you’ll see examples that demonstrate how to use machine learning as a tool for business enhancement. As a domain expert, you will not only discover how machine learning is used in finance, healthcare, and retail, but also work through practical case studies where machine learning has been implemented. Machine Learning Applications Using Python is divided into three sections, one for each of the domains (healthcare, finance, and retail). Each section starts with an overview of machine learning and key technological advancements in that domain. You’ll then learn more by using case studies on how organizations are changing the game in their chosen markets. This book has practical case studies with Python code and domain-specific innovative ideas for monetizing machine learning. What You Will LearnDiscover applied machine learning processes and principles Implement machine learning in areas of healthcare, finance, and retail Avoid the pitfalls of implementing applied machine learning Build Python machine learning examples in the three subject areas Who This Book Is For Data scientists and machine learning professionals.

Accelerated Path to Cures

Author : Josep Bassaganya-Riera
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783319732398
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (323 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Accelerated Path to Cures by : Josep Bassaganya-Riera

Download or read book Accelerated Path to Cures written by Josep Bassaganya-Riera and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accelerated Path to Cures provides a transformative perspective on the power of combining advanced computational technologies, modeling, bioinformatics and machine learning approaches with nonclinical and clinical experimentation to accelerate drug development. This book discusses the application of advanced modeling technologies, from target identification and validation to nonclinical studies in animals to Phase 1-3 human clinical trials and post-approval monitoring, as alternative models of drug development. As a case of successful integration of computational modeling and drug development, we discuss the development of oral small molecule therapeutics for inflammatory bowel disease, from the application of docking studies to screening new chemical entities to the development of next-generation in silico human clinical trials from large-scale clinical data. Additionally, this book illustrates how modeling techniques, machine learning, and informatics can be utilized effectively at each stage of drug development to advance the progress towards predictive, preventive, personalized, precision medicine, and thus provide a successful framework for Path to Cures.

Blockchain Technology in Healthcare Applications

Author : Bharat Bhushan
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781003224075
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (24 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Blockchain Technology in Healthcare Applications by : Bharat Bhushan

Download or read book Blockchain Technology in Healthcare Applications written by Bharat Bhushan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Tremendous growth in healthcare treatment techniques and methods has led to the emergence of numerous storage and communication problems and need for security among vendors and patients. This book brings together latest applications and state-of-the-art developments in healthcare sector using Blockchain technology. It explains how blockchain can enhance security, privacy, interoperability, and data accessibility including AI with blockchains, blockchains for medical imaging to supply chain management, and centralized management/clearing houses alongside DLT. Features: Includes theoretical concepts, empirical studies and detailed overview of various aspects related to development of healthcare applications from a reliable, trusted, and secure data transmission perspective. Provide insights on business applications of Blockchain, particularly in the healthcare sector. Explores how Blockchain can solve the transparency issues in the clinical research. Discusses AI with Blockchains, ranging from medical imaging to supply chain management. Reviews benchmark testing of AI with Blockchains and its impacts upon medical uses. This book aims at researchers and graduate students in healthcare information systems, computer and electrical engineering"--

AI-First Healthcare

Author : Kerrie L. Holley
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN 13 : 149206310X
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis AI-First Healthcare by : Kerrie L. Holley

Download or read book AI-First Healthcare written by Kerrie L. Holley and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AI is poised to transform every aspect of healthcare, including the way we manage personal health, from customer experience and clinical care to healthcare cost reductions. This practical book is one of the first to describe present and future use cases where AI can help solve pernicious healthcare problems. Kerrie Holley and Siupo Becker provide guidance to help informatics and healthcare leadership create AI strategy and implementation plans for healthcare. With this book, business stakeholders and practitioners will be able to build knowledge, a roadmap, and the confidence to support AIin their organizations—without getting into the weeds of algorithms or open source frameworks. Cowritten by an AI technologist and a medical doctor who leverages AI to solve healthcare’s most difficult challenges, this book covers: The myths and realities of AI, now and in the future Human-centered AI: what it is and how to make it possible Using various AI technologies to go beyond precision medicine How to deliver patient care using the IoT and ambient computing with AI How AI can help reduce waste in healthcare AI strategy and how to identify high-priority AI application

Handbook of Research on Disease Prediction Through Data Analytics and Machine Learning

Author : Rani, Geeta
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799827437
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Disease Prediction Through Data Analytics and Machine Learning by : Rani, Geeta

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Disease Prediction Through Data Analytics and Machine Learning written by Rani, Geeta and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-10-16 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By applying data analytics techniques and machine learning algorithms to predict disease, medical practitioners can more accurately diagnose and treat patients. However, researchers face problems in identifying suitable algorithms for pre-processing, transformations, and the integration of clinical data in a single module, as well as seeking different ways to build and evaluate models. The Handbook of Research on Disease Prediction Through Data Analytics and Machine Learning is a pivotal reference source that explores the application of algorithms to making disease predictions through the identification of symptoms and information retrieval from images such as MRIs, ECGs, EEGs, etc. Highlighting a wide range of topics including clinical decision support systems, biomedical image analysis, and prediction models, this book is ideally designed for clinicians, physicians, programmers, computer engineers, IT specialists, data analysts, hospital administrators, researchers, academicians, and graduate and post-graduate students.

Applications of Deep Learning and Big IoT on Personalized Healthcare Services

Author : Wason, Ritika
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799821021
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Applications of Deep Learning and Big IoT on Personalized Healthcare Services by : Wason, Ritika

Download or read book Applications of Deep Learning and Big IoT on Personalized Healthcare Services written by Wason, Ritika and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-02-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthcare is an industry that has seen great advancements in personalized services through big data analytics. Despite the application of smart devices in the medical field, the mass volume of data that is being generated makes it challenging to correctly diagnose patients. This has led to the implementation of precise algorithms that can manage large amounts of information and successfully use smart living in medical environments. Professionals worldwide need relevant research on how to successfully implement these smart technologies within their own personalized healthcare processes. Applications of Deep Learning and Big IoT on Personalized Healthcare Services is a pivotal reference source that provides a collection of innovative research on the analytical methods and applications of smart algorithms for the personalized treatment of patients. While highlighting topics including cognitive computing, natural language processing, and supply chain optimization, this book is ideally designed for network designers, analysts, technology specialists, medical professionals, developers, researchers, academicians, and post-graduate students seeking relevant information on smart developments within individualized healthcare.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Healthcare

Author : Ankur Saxena
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811608113
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Healthcare by : Ankur Saxena

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Healthcare written by Ankur Saxena and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in healthcare. It discusses integrating the principles of computer science, life science, and statistics incorporated into statistical models using existing data, discovering patterns in data to extract the information, and predicting the changes and diseases based on this data and models. The initial chapters of the book cover the practical applications of artificial intelligence for disease prognosis & management. Further, the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning is discussed with reference to specific diseases like diabetes mellitus, cancer, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Covid-19. The chapters provide working examples on how different types of healthcare data can be used to develop models and predict diseases using machine learning and artificial intelligence. The book also touches upon precision medicine, personalized medicine, and transfer learning, with the real examples. Further, it also discusses the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence for visualization, prediction, detection, and diagnosis of Covid -19. This book is a valuable source of information for programmers, healthcare professionals, and researchers interested in understanding the applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in healthcare.

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medicine

Author : Kayvan Najarian
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000565815
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medicine by : Kayvan Najarian

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medicine written by Kayvan Najarian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-04-06 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in clinical decision support systems, precision health, and data science in medicine. The book targets clinical researchers and computational scientists seeking to understand the recent advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in health and medicine. Since AI and its applications are believed to have the potential to revolutionize healthcare and medicine, there is a clear need to explore and investigate the state-of-the-art advancements in the field. This book provides a detailed description of the advancements, challenges, and opportunities of using AI in medical and health applications. Over 10 case studies are included in the book that cover topics related to biomedical image processing, machine learning for healthcare, clinical decision support systems, visualization of high dimensional data, data security and privacy, bioinformatics, and biometrics. The book is intended for clinical researchers and computational scientists seeking to understand the recent advances of AI in health and medicine. Many universities may use the book as a secondary training text. Companies in the healthcare sector can greatly benefit from the case studies covered in the book. Moreover, this book also: Provides an overview of the recent developments in clinical decision support systems, precision health, and data science in medicine Examines the advancements, challenges, and opportunities of using AI in medical and health applications Includes 10 cases for practical application and reference Kayvan Najarian is a Professor in the Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Department of Emergency Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Delaram Kahrobaei is the University Dean for Research at City University of New York (CUNY), a Professor of Computer Science and Mathematics, Queens College CUNY, and the former Chair of Cyber Security, University of York. Enrique Domínguez is a professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Malaga and a member of the Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga. Reza Soroushmehr is a Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics and a member of the Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Precision Medicine and Artificial Intelligence

Author : Michael Mahler
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 032385432X
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Precision Medicine and Artificial Intelligence by : Michael Mahler

Download or read book Precision Medicine and Artificial Intelligence written by Michael Mahler and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precision Medicine and Artificial Intelligence: The Perfect Fit for Autoimmunity covers background on artificial intelligence (AI), its link to precision medicine (PM), and examples of AI in healthcare, especially autoimmunity. The book highlights future perspectives and potential directions as AI has gained significant attention during the past decade. Autoimmune diseases are complex and heterogeneous conditions, but exciting new developments and implementation tactics surrounding automated systems have enabled the generation of large datasets, making autoimmunity an ideal target for AI and precision medicine. More and more diagnostic products utilize AI, which is also starting to be supported by regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Knowledge generation by leveraging large datasets including demographic, environmental, clinical and biomarker data has the potential to not only impact the diagnosis of patients, but also disease prediction, prognosis and treatment options. - Allows the readers to gain an overview on precision medicine for autoimmune diseases leveraging AI solutions - Provides background, milestone and examples of precision medicine - Outlines the paradigm shift towards precision medicine driven by value-based systems - Discusses future applications of precision medicine research using AI - Other aspects covered in the book include regulatory insights, data analytics and visualization, types of biomarkers as well as the role of the patient in precision medicine