Teaching Literature Language And Cultural Awareness Using The Example Of Hills Like White Elephants

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Teaching Literature: Language and Cultural Awareness Using the Example of "Hills Like White Elephants"

Author : Susanne Flohr
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 364052652X
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Teaching Literature: Language and Cultural Awareness Using the Example of "Hills Like White Elephants" by : Susanne Flohr

Download or read book Teaching Literature: Language and Cultural Awareness Using the Example of "Hills Like White Elephants" written by Susanne Flohr and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-02-03 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Didactics - English - Literature, Works, grade: 1,7, University of Kassel (Literature: Language and Cultural Awareness), course: Department of English & Romance Languages, language: English, abstract: This term paper will take several questions into account by starting off with a general definition of the terms ‘Literature, Language and Cultural Awareness’ as they are the basis for talking about literature and literary texts. Afterwards, a precise definition of the terms will follow before the consequences for the EFL classroom will be mentioned which lead to a text example that shows how one can teach the aspects that have been mentioned before and why it is important to teach students literature at all. The text shows that students need to understand other cultural backgrounds in order to understand the whole text since we do not have the expression ‘hills like white elephants’ in Germany. As a result, this text is a good example for showing how important language and cultural awareness are in order to understand literary texts in the EFL classroom. When we talk about literature in the EFL classroom, we should first of all ask ourselves what we need to take into consideration in general when we want to deal with literary texts in the EFL classroom. Some questions arise like why one should teach literature in the EFL classroom and what kind of literature needs to be taught. It is important to read literary texts in the EFL classroom because the curriculum says that teachers should deal with different countries and cultures by presenting people in real life situations. Therefore, they should mostly use authentic material in order to build a connection to the student’s world. The teacher should be careful in choosing texts for the EFL classroom because the texts need to be suitable for the class in order to let the students work with them.

Defying Culture Hegemony through Teacher Generated EFL Materials

Author : Astrid Núñez-Pardo
Publisher : U. Externado de Colombia
ISBN 13 : 9587906764
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (879 download)

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Book Synopsis Defying Culture Hegemony through Teacher Generated EFL Materials by : Astrid Núñez-Pardo

Download or read book Defying Culture Hegemony through Teacher Generated EFL Materials written by Astrid Núñez-Pardo and published by U. Externado de Colombia. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Defying Culture Hegemony through Teacher Generated Materials contributes to the growing literature on the critical analysis of English language teaching and learning materials used with students in local contexts. This research draws on contextualised teacher generated materials that contest decontextualised and standardised cultural content present in generic and commercial EFL textbooks. Six in-service teachers developed contextualised EFL materials (workshops and worksheets) for the pedagogical interventions of their qualitative action research (five teachers), or case studies (one teacher) to be used in state-funded and private schools, two private universities, and a non-formal public institution. Two full-time professors of the emphasis conducted a qualitative documentary research whose main purpose was to critically analyse the cultural content of EFL materials generated by these in-service teachers. These sociocultural mediations correspond to local realities of those who learn and teach English with these mediations in state-funded and private educational institutions in the Colombian context. Besides being designed from a critical stance and being implemented with students of varied English proficiency in state-funded and private educational institutions, these contextualised materials counter conventional resources used in EFL education, make up for their absence, or complement the existing ones. EFL materials proposed by the six in-service teachers create reflective, meaningful, and constructive learning environments. They also challenge the long-term cultural hegemony of commercial and instrumental EFL textbooks produced by foreign publishing houses or their local branches in our country. Furthermore, the study explores the role of contextualised teacher generated materials in fostering the development of students' cultural awareness, self-esteem and self-concept, and inquiry skills such as observation, prediction, interpretation, and communication. Additionally, it enquires into students' inferential reading and speaking in a blended learning setting, and in-service EFL teachers' oral interaction. This volume portrays a dimension of English teachers that reclaims their role as critical researchers and materials developers and invites them to envision themselves as autonomous and prospective educators and ponder their renewed identity.

Decontextualization and Schema Formation in "Hills Like White Elephants" by Ernest Hemingway

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Author : Amir Hossein Yasini Visti
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668594376
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Decontextualization and Schema Formation in "Hills Like White Elephants" by Ernest Hemingway by : Amir Hossein Yasini Visti

Download or read book Decontextualization and Schema Formation in "Hills Like White Elephants" by Ernest Hemingway written by Amir Hossein Yasini Visti and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2014 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, University of Tehran, language: English, abstract: This paper intends to show how the short story "Hills Like White Elephants" by Ernest Hemingway represents the schema formation that takes place through devices of the Critical Discourse Analysis. Closely connected to the idea of "decontextualization", the schema theory is accounted as a part of the "discourse" studies. In fact, it helps reveal how a discourse comes into being, how it controls and is controlled, how it acts and relates to other discourses, and how it disappears. In this paper, this mechanism is delineated in a literary work, as a discourse, by investigating on the confrontation of some CDA’s elements including the situation and the mode of communication, characters’ voices and identity issues. To illuminate, in "Hills Like White Elephants", conversation is served as the mode of communication between the two characters. However, the author’s narration describes the situation – especially the place, of the story to both symbolic function and balancing the mood and the tone of the story. Also, the schema formation is shaped by the voice of the man in the story; it is refreshed when opposed to the girl’s voice. The two voices act as the creator of the two schemata. The other schema duality lies in the two opposite identity forces latent in the identities of the man and the girl. While the man thinks of getting rid of any familial responsibility, the girl’s major concern is her instinctive femininity, creating the opposite schema.

Hills Like White Elephants

Author : Ernest Hemingway
Publisher : Open Road Media
ISBN 13 : 1504083768
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Hills Like White Elephants by : Ernest Hemingway

Download or read book Hills Like White Elephants written by Ernest Hemingway and published by Open Road Media. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A couple’s future hangs in the balance as they wait for a train in a Spanish café in this short story by a Nobel and Pulitzer Prize–winning author. At a small café in rural Spain, a man and woman have a conversation while they wait for their train to Madrid. The subtle, casual nature of their talk masks a more complicated situation that could endanger the future of their relationship. First published in the 1927 collection Men Without Women, “Hills Like White Elephants” exemplifies Ernest Hemingway’s style of spare, tight prose that continues to win readers over to this day.

An Analysis of Ernest Hemingway's Hills Like White Elephants

Author : Anonym
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3640469364
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis An Analysis of Ernest Hemingway's Hills Like White Elephants by : Anonym

Download or read book An Analysis of Ernest Hemingway's Hills Like White Elephants written by Anonym and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-11-12 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,0, University of Erfurt, course: The American Short Story, language: English, abstract: Can the reader of "Hills like White Elephants" experience the success of the male character, known as "the American", or the triumph of Jig, the female character, at the end of the story? The argument of the American couple waiting at a junction between Barcelona and Madrid represents the centre of Ernest Hemingway's short story. Heming-way published this short story as part of the story collection "Men without Women" in 1927 (ANONYMOUS, 1996). Therefore, it can be assumed that the setting of the story is also conceived for the 1920ies. It is never directly mentioned that both discuss the abortion of their unborn child, although it becomes clear through implications within the text. Whereas the man tries to convince her in a manipulating manner to undergo surgery, she dreams of a future with the child (HEMINGWAY, 1956: 249ff). LAMB even states that: "Much of the conversation is so obscure that on the literal level it can be comprehended only in light of the entire story" (LAMB, 1996: 469). Sev-eral metaphors, images and other literary devices, such as the simile being present in the title and in its several repetitions in the story, add to the reader's perception of the shown conflict. Apparently, the male character represents the dominant part in the relationship and the successful one in the conversation. As the girl states "But I don't care about me. And I'll do it and then everything will be fine" (HEMINGWAY, 1956: 251) after being talked at by her boyfriend, it seems that she gives up and sac-rifices her wishes. However, scholars discuss whether the American or the girl can force their individual points in the end. The aim of this research paper is to examine this question. An analysis of the structure of the short story, the impor-tance of place and positionin

The setting in Ernest Hemingway’s "Hills Like White Elephants". An analysis

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Author : Jella Delzer
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346504832
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (465 download)

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Book Synopsis The setting in Ernest Hemingway’s "Hills Like White Elephants". An analysis by : Jella Delzer

Download or read book The setting in Ernest Hemingway’s "Hills Like White Elephants". An analysis written by Jella Delzer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-10-05 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,0, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel (Philosophische Fakultät - Englisches Seminar), course: Narrative Theory and the Reading of Literary Texts, language: English, abstract: The purpose of this paper is to show that an analysis and interpretation of the topographical and architectural setting and of the objects within that setting in Ernest Hemingway’s short story “Hills Like White Elephants,” which was published in 1927, provides a fruitful understanding of the short story. This paper investigates how Hemingway transforms topography into metaphors and symbols and how the setting creates the mood and sets the tone of the short story. “Hills Like White Elephants” is a paramount example of Hemingway’s so-called "iceberg theory". Similarly, Hemingway’s short story “Hills Like White Elephants,” which is mostly told in dialogue, is like the tip of an iceberg—the succinct length and the seemingly simple language are deceptive. Analogously to Hemingway’s iceberg theory, there are concealed depths to the surface story. The fact that there are only a few sections in which the setting is described emphasizes that a close reading of the setting is necessary because the lack of description indicates that there is hidden meaning behind the overall setting. This paper argues that Hemingway uses the setting to demonstrate the struggle of the main characters, the American and the girl Jig, about whether to have an abortion—even though words such as ‘abortion’ or ‘pregnancy’ are not mentioned in the text. The paper argues that Hemingway integrates symbolism into the landscape and furthermore uses spatial concepts to convey meaning that goes beyond spatial information. The contrast between abortion or birth correlates with the dichotomy of the setting and is hence almost entirely expressed in spatial terms. Moreover, the descriptions of the setting reflect the couple’s contrasting points of view regarding the pregnancy. The paper aims to discover the implied and hinted meaning within the deceptive simplicity of the text by relying on narrative theory.

Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 768 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts by :

Download or read book Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Approaches to Teaching the Works of Cormac McCarthy

Author : Stacey Peebles
Publisher : Modern Language Association
ISBN 13 : 160329483X
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Approaches to Teaching the Works of Cormac McCarthy by : Stacey Peebles

Download or read book Approaches to Teaching the Works of Cormac McCarthy written by Stacey Peebles and published by Modern Language Association. This book was released on 2021-11-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the decades since his 1992 breakout novel, All the Pretty Horses, Cormac McCarthy has gained a reputation as one of the greatest contemporary American authors. Experimenting with genres such as the crime thriller, the post-apocalyptic novel, and the western, his work also engages with the aesthetics of cinema, and several of his novels have been adapted for the screen. While timely and relevant, his works use idiosyncratic language and contain intense, troubling portrayals of racism, sexism, and violence that can pose challenges for students. This volume offers strategies for guiding students through McCarthy's oeuvre, addressing all his novels as well as his published plays and screenplays. Part 1, "Materials," provides sources of biographical information and key scholarship on McCarthy. Essays in part 2, "Approaches," discuss subjects such as landscape and ecology, mythologies of the American West, film adaptations, and literary contexts and describe assignments that encourage students to write creatively and to examine their personal values.

Encyclopedia of Identity

Author : Ronald L. Jackson II
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452261733
Total Pages : 1000 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Identity by : Ronald L. Jackson II

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Identity written by Ronald L. Jackson II and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2010-06-29 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a free 30-day online trial to this title, visit www.sagepub.com/freetrial The two volumes of this encyclopedia seek to explore myriad ways in which we define ourselves in our daily lives. Comprising 300 entries, the Encyclopedia of Identity offers readers an opportunity to understand identity as a socially constructed phenomenon - a dynamic process both public and private, shaped by past experiences and present circumstances, and evolving over time. Offering a broad, comprehensive overview of the definitions, politics, manifestations, concepts, and ideas related to identity, the entries include short biographies of major thinkers and leaders, as well as discussions of events, personalities, and concepts. The Encyclopedia of Identity is designed for readers to grasp the nature and breadth of identity as a psychological, social, anthropological, and popular idea. Key ThemesArtClassDeveloping IdentitiesGender, Sex, and SexualityIdentities in ConflictLanguage and DiscourseLiving EthicallyMedia and Popular CultureNationality Protecting IdentityRace, Culture, and EthnicityRelating Across CulturesReligionRepresentations of IdentityTheories of Identity

Dilemma of a Ghost

Author : Ama Ata Aidoo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781903552162
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (521 download)

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Book Synopsis Dilemma of a Ghost by : Ama Ata Aidoo

Download or read book Dilemma of a Ghost written by Ama Ata Aidoo and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Honey Bear

Author : Dixie Willson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Honey Bear by : Dixie Willson

Download or read book Honey Bear written by Dixie Willson and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bear takes a baby into the forest to eat some honey, and her mother is so relieved to find the baby safe and covered in honey that she begins using the endearment "honey," which now all parents use to address their children.

Writing without Teachers

Author : Peter Elbow
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199766363
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Writing without Teachers by : Peter Elbow

Download or read book Writing without Teachers written by Peter Elbow and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998-06-25 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Writing Without Teachers, well-known advocate of innovative teaching methods Peter Elbow outlines a practical program for learning how to write. His approach is especially helpful to people who get "stuck" or blocked in their writing, and is equally useful for writing fiction, poetry, and essays, as well as reports, lectures, and memos. The core of Elbow's thinking is a challenge against traditional writing methods. Instead of editing and outlining material in the initial steps of the writing process, Elbow celebrates non-stop or free uncensored writing, without editorial checkpoints first, followed much later by the editorial process. This approach turns the focus towards encouraging ways of developing confidence and inspiration through free writing, multiple drafts, diaries, and notes. Elbow guides the reader through his metaphor of writing as "cooking:" his term for heating up the creative process where the subconscious bubbles up to the surface and the writing gets good. 1998 marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of Writing Without Teachers. In this edition, Elbow reexamines his program and the subsequent influence his techniques have had on writers, students, and teachers. This invaluable guide will benefit anyone, whether in the classroom, boardroom, or living room, who has ever had trouble writing.

The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind

Author : Julian Jaynes
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN 13 : 0547527543
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (475 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind by : Julian Jaynes

Download or read book The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind written by Julian Jaynes and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2000-08-15 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National Book Award Finalist: “This man’s ideas may be the most influential, not to say controversial, of the second half of the twentieth century.”—Columbus Dispatch At the heart of this classic, seminal book is Julian Jaynes's still-controversial thesis that human consciousness did not begin far back in animal evolution but instead is a learned process that came about only three thousand years ago and is still developing. The implications of this revolutionary scientific paradigm extend into virtually every aspect of our psychology, our history and culture, our religion—and indeed our future. “Don’t be put off by the academic title of Julian Jaynes’s The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Its prose is always lucid and often lyrical…he unfolds his case with the utmost intellectual rigor.”—The New York Times “When Julian Jaynes . . . speculates that until late in the twentieth millennium BC men had no consciousness but were automatically obeying the voices of the gods, we are astounded but compelled to follow this remarkable thesis.”—John Updike, The New Yorker “He is as startling as Freud was in The Interpretation of Dreams, and Jaynes is equally as adept at forcing a new view of known human behavior.”—American Journal of Psychiatry

New Critical Approaches to the Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway

Author : Jackson J. Benson
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822382342
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis New Critical Approaches to the Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway by : Jackson J. Benson

Download or read book New Critical Approaches to the Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway written by Jackson J. Benson and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-12 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an Overview by Paul Smith and a Checklist to Hemingway Criticism, 1975–1990 New Critical Approaches to the Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway is an all-new sequel to Benson’s highly acclaimed 1975 book, which provided the first comprehensive anthology of criticism of Ernest Hemingway’s masterful short stories. Since that time the availability of Hemingway’s papers, coupled with new critical and theoretical approaches, has enlivened and enlarged the field of American literary studies. This companion volume reflects current scholarship and draws together essays that were either published during the past decade or written for this collection. The contributors interpret a variety of individual stories from a number of different critical points of view—from a Lacanian reading of Hemingway’s “After the Storm” to a semiotic analysis of “A Very Short Story” to an historical-biographical analysis of “Old Man at the Bridge.” In identifying the short story as one of Hemingway’s principal thematic and technical tools, this volume reaffirms a focus on the short story as Hemingway’s best work. An overview essay covers Hemingway criticism published since the last volume, and the bibliographical checklist to Hemingway short fiction criticism, which covers 1975 to mid-1989, has doubled in size. Contributors. Debra A. Moddelmog, Ben Stotzfus, Robert Scholes, Hubert Zapf, Susan F. Beegel, Nina Baym, William Braasch Watson, Kenneth Lynn, Gerry Brenner, Steven K. Hoffman, E. R. Hagemann, Robert W. Lewis, Wayne Kvam, George Monteiro, Scott Donaldson, Bernard Oldsey, Warren Bennett, Kenneth G. Johnston, Richard McCann, Robert P. Weeks, Amberys R. Whittle, Pamela Smiley, Jeffrey Meyers, Robert E. Fleming, David R. Johnson, Howard L. Hannum, Larry Edgerton, William Adair, Alice Hall Petry, Lawrence H. Martin Jr., Paul Smith

The Most Dangerous Game

Author : Richard Connell
Publisher : Lindhardt og Ringhof
ISBN 13 : 8728187490
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis The Most Dangerous Game by : Richard Connell

Download or read book The Most Dangerous Game written by Richard Connell and published by Lindhardt og Ringhof. This book was released on 2023-02-23 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sanger Rainsford is a big-game hunter, who finds himself washed up on an island owned by the eccentric General Zaroff. Zaroff, a big-game hunter himself, has heard of Rainsford’s abilities with a gun and organises a hunt. However, they’re not after animals – they’re after people. When he protests, Rainsford the hunter becomes Rainsford the hunted. Sharing similarities with "The Hunger Games", starring Jennifer Lawrence, this is the story that created the template for pitting man against man. Born in New York, Richard Connell (1893 – 1949) went on to become an acclaimed author, screenwriter, and journalist. He is best remembered for the gripping novel "The Most Dangerous Game" and for receiving an Oscar nomination for the screenplay "Meet John Doe".

River Town

Author : Peter Hessler
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 0062028987
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis River Town by : Peter Hessler

Download or read book River Town written by Peter Hessler and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2010-09-21 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New York Times Notable Book Winner of the Kiriyama Book Prize In the heart of China's Sichuan province, amid the terraced hills of the Yangtze River valley, lies the remote town of Fuling. Like many other small cities in this ever-evolving country, Fuling is heading down a new path of change and growth, which came into remarkably sharp focus when Peter Hessler arrived as a Peace Corps volunteer, marking the first time in more than half a century that the city had an American resident. Hessler taught English and American literature at the local college, but it was his students who taught him about the complex processes of understanding that take place when one is immersed in a radically different society. Poignant, thoughtful, funny, and enormously compelling, River Town is an unforgettable portrait of a city that is seeking to understand both what it was and what it someday will be.

The Secret of Our Success

Author : Joseph Henrich
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691178437
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis The Secret of Our Success by : Joseph Henrich

Download or read book The Secret of Our Success written by Joseph Henrich and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-17 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How our collective intelligence has helped us to evolve and prosper Humans are a puzzling species. On the one hand, we struggle to survive on our own in the wild, often failing to overcome even basic challenges, like obtaining food, building shelters, or avoiding predators. On the other hand, human groups have produced ingenious technologies, sophisticated languages, and complex institutions that have permitted us to successfully expand into a vast range of diverse environments. What has enabled us to dominate the globe, more than any other species, while remaining virtually helpless as lone individuals? This book shows that the secret of our success lies not in our innate intelligence, but in our collective brains—on the ability of human groups to socially interconnect and learn from one another over generations. Drawing insights from lost European explorers, clever chimpanzees, mobile hunter-gatherers, neuroscientific findings, ancient bones, and the human genome, Joseph Henrich demonstrates how our collective brains have propelled our species' genetic evolution and shaped our biology. Our early capacities for learning from others produced many cultural innovations, such as fire, cooking, water containers, plant knowledge, and projectile weapons, which in turn drove the expansion of our brains and altered our physiology, anatomy, and psychology in crucial ways. Later on, some collective brains generated and recombined powerful concepts, such as the lever, wheel, screw, and writing, while also creating the institutions that continue to alter our motivations and perceptions. Henrich shows how our genetics and biology are inextricably interwoven with cultural evolution, and how culture-gene interactions launched our species on an extraordinary evolutionary trajectory. Tracking clues from our ancient past to the present, The Secret of Our Success explores how the evolution of both our cultural and social natures produce a collective intelligence that explains both our species' immense success and the origins of human uniqueness.