Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Taxing Caloric Sweetened Beverages Potential Effects On Beverage Consumption Calorie Intake And Obesity
Download Taxing Caloric Sweetened Beverages Potential Effects On Beverage Consumption Calorie Intake And Obesity full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Taxing Caloric Sweetened Beverages Potential Effects On Beverage Consumption Calorie Intake And Obesity ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Taxing Caloric Sweetened Beverages: Potential Effects on Beverage Consumption, Calorie Intake, and Obesity by : Travis A. Smith
Download or read book Taxing Caloric Sweetened Beverages: Potential Effects on Beverage Consumption, Calorie Intake, and Obesity written by Travis A. Smith and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The link between high U.S. obesity rates and the over-consumption of added sugars, largely from sodas and fruit drinks, has prompted calls for a tax on caloric sweetened beverages (CSB). Faced with a tax, consumers may reduce consumption of these CSB and substitute non-taxed beverages, such as bottled water, juice, and milk. A tax-induced 20% price increase on CSB could cause an average reduction of 3.8 pounds of body weight over a year, for adults and an average of 4.5 pounds over a year, for children. Given these reductions in calorie consumption, results show an estimated decline in adult overweight prevalence and obesity prevalence, as well as the child at-risk-for-overweight prevalence and the overweight prevalence. Charts and tables.
Book Synopsis Taxing Caloric Sweetened Beverages by : Travis Smith
Download or read book Taxing Caloric Sweetened Beverages written by Travis Smith and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The link between high U.S. obesity rates and the over consumption of added sugars, largely from sodas and fruit drinks, has prompted public calls for a tax on caloric sweetened beverages. Faced with such a tax, consumers may reduce consumption of these sweetened beverages and substitute nontaxed beverages, such as bottled water, juice, and milk. This study estimated that a tax-induced 20-percent price increase on caloric sweetened beverages could cause an average reduction of 37 calories per day, or 3.8 pounds of body weight over a year, for adults and an average of 43 calories per day, or 4.5 pounds over a year, for children. Given these reductions in calorie consumption, results show an estimated decline in adult overweight prevalence (66.9 to 62.4 percent) and obesity prevalence (33.4 to 30.4 percent), as well as the child at-risk-for-overweight prevalence (32.3 to 27.0 percent) and the overweight prevalence (16.6 to 13.7 percent). Actual impacts would depend on many factors, including how the tax is reflected in consumer prices and the competitive strategies of beverage manufacturers and food retailers.
Book Synopsis Taxing Caloric Sweetened Beverages: Potential Effects on Beverage Consumption, Calorie Intake, and Obesity by : United States Department of Agriculture
Download or read book Taxing Caloric Sweetened Beverages: Potential Effects on Beverage Consumption, Calorie Intake, and Obesity written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The link between high U.S. obesity rates and the overconsumption of added sugars, largely from sodas and fruit drinks, has prompted public calls for a tax on caloric sweetened beverages. Faced with such a tax, consumers may reduce consumption of these sweetened beverages and substitute nontaxed beverages, such as bottled water, juice, and milk. This study estimated that a tax-induced 20-percent price increase on caloric sweetened beverages could cause an average reduction of 37 calories per day, or 3.8 pounds of body weight over a year, for adults and an average of 43 calories per day, or 4.5 pounds over a year, for children. Given these reductions in calorie consumption, results show an estimated decline in adult overweight prevalence (66.9 to 62.4 percent) and obesity prevalence (33.4 to 30.4 percent), as well as the child at-risk-for-overweight prevalence (32.3 to 27.0 percent) and the overweight prevalence (16.6 to 13.7 percent). Actual impacts would depend on many factors, including how the tax is reflected in consumer prices and the competitive strategies of beverage manufacturers and food retailers.
Book Synopsis Taxing Caloric Sweetened Beverages :. by : Travis A. Smith
Download or read book Taxing Caloric Sweetened Beverages :. written by Travis A. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Taxing Soda for Public Health by : Yann Le Bodo
Download or read book Taxing Soda for Public Health written by Yann Le Bodo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-17 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely reference analyzes the rationale, impact, and feasibility of taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) as a public health measure to contribute curbing obesity and diabetes rates, specifically in Canada. It presents the pros and cons of taxing soda, with the latest data on adverse health effects of its consumption, plus the various business and political issues surrounding the contentious proposition. Reviewed research is multidisciplinary, spanning health and medicine to ethics, economics, and law. Conclusions and caveats are clear and presented at a comfort level for the general reader. The result is a blueprint for analyzing the relevancy of taxes on sweetened soft drinks or other low-nutrition food products, plus a trove of valuable insights into aspects of government decision-making and consumer food behavior. Included in the coverage: · Reasons for specifically targeting SSBs · SSB taxation as a public health policy instrument · Effects of SSB taxation on energy intakes and population health · Potential undesirable effects relating to SSB taxation · Social and political acceptability of SSB taxation · Evaluability of SSB taxation Taxing Soda for Public Health will interest policymakers, public health professionals, advocacy groups, and researchers at the Canadian and international levels (e.g., in areas such as public health, nutrition, food and health policies, health economics, and evaluation), as well as students and all other parties interested in nutrition policies.
Book Synopsis Dietary Sugars and Health by : Michael I. Goran
Download or read book Dietary Sugars and Health written by Michael I. Goran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugar consumption is suspected to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, fatty liver disease, and some forms of cancers. Dietary sugars—fructose in particular—also have a potential role in obesity and metabolic diseases. Dietary Sugars and Health presents all aspects of dietary sugars as they relate to health and disease. It provides a review of the current science related to dietary sugars, ranging from historical and cultural perspectives to food science and production to basic research, animal trials, human pathophysiology, epidemiology, and public health policy implications. Each chapter features a concise, thorough summary of the current knowledge, including an overview of cutting-edge research, controversies, and future perspectives. The book provides a balanced approach through global and multidisciplinary contributions as well as input from various sectors, from academia to the food and beverage industry. The overall collection provides readers with a balanced and complete view of the science related to dietary sugars and health. This book is an invaluable reference for food scientists, nutrition scientists, clinical and translational researchers, obesity researchers, physiologists, public health scientists, and policy makers.
Download or read book Obesity Epidemiology written by Frank Hu and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-03-21 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past twenty years there has been a dramatic increase in obesity in the United States. An estimated thirty percent of adults in the US are obese; in 1980, only fifteen percent were. The issue is gaining greater attention with the CDC and with the public health world in general. This book will offer practical information about the methodology of epidemiologic studies of obesity, suitable for graduate students and researchers in epidemiology, and public health practitioners with an interest in the issue. The book will be structured in four main sections, with the majority of chapters authored by Dr. Hu, and some authored by specialists in specific areas. The first section will consider issues surrounding the definition of obesity, measurement techniques, and the designs of epidemiologic studies. The second section will address the consequences of obesity, looking at epidemiologic studies that focus on cardio-vascular disease, diabetes, and cancer The third section will look at determinants obesity, reviewing a wide range of risk factors for obesity including diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviors, sleep disorders, psychosocial factors, physical environment, biochemical and genetic predictors, and intrauterine exposures. In the final section, the author will discuss the analytical issues and challenges for epidemiologic studies of obesity.
Book Synopsis The Potential Impact of Sugar‐sweetened Beverage Taxes in New York State by : Y. Claire Wang
Download or read book The Potential Impact of Sugar‐sweetened Beverage Taxes in New York State written by Y. Claire Wang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs), including soda, fruit punches, sweetened tea, sports drinks, energy drinks and all other beverages with added caloric sweeteners, has been linked to increases in obesity and several chronic diseases, most notably type 2 diabetes. In the face of a dual epidemic of obesity and diabetes, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recently advocated fiscal policies and local ordinances as a possible strategy to discourage the consumption of foods and beverages such as SSBs that are high in calories but low in nutritional value. In addition to existing sales taxes levied in several states, public health experts have proposed an excise tax on these beverages to further discourage consumption of these "empty calories". This report evaluates the potential economic and health impact of a hypothetical penny‐an‐ounce tax for New York State. We estimate that the proposed tax has the potential to result in a 20‐25% increase in SSB prices in retail outlets and a 15‐20% reduction in the overall consumption of these beverages among New York State residents. From a health perspective, the expected reduction in SSB consumption could potentially prevent ~37,400 diabetes cases within the next decade, saving approximately $1.2 billion dollars in medical costs. In addition, the tax could potentially prevent 145,000 adults from becoming obese, translating into $2.1 billion dollars of direct savings from medical expenditure attributable to obesity. The health benefit and medical savings are larger among African Americans and Hispanics than among non‐Hispanic Whites. Lower income individuals are expected to accrue a disproportionally larger share of the health benefit. An excise tax will also generate tax revenue close to $1 billion each year for the State, a significant fiscal resource that could be used to support education programs and infrastructure designed to promote healthy eating and active living for the New York State population.
Book Synopsis By Ounce Or by Calorie by : Chen Zhen
Download or read book By Ounce Or by Calorie written by Chen Zhen and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The obesity epidemic and excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages have led to proposals of economics-based interventions to promote healthy eating in the United States. Targeted food and beverage taxes and subsidies are prominent examples of such potential intervention strategies. This paper examines the differential effects that taxing sugar-sweetened beverages by calories and by ounces have on beverage demand. To properly measure the extent of substitution and complementarity between beverage products, we developed a fully modified distance metric model of differentiated product demand that endogenizes the cross-price effects. We illustrated the proposed methodology in a linear approximate almost ideal demand system, although other flexible demand systems can also be used. In the empirical application using supermarket scanner data, the product-level demand model consists of 178 beverage products with a combined market share of over 90%. The novel demand model outperformed the conventional distance metric model in non-nested model comparison tests, and in terms of the economic significance of model predictions. In the fully modified model, a calorie-based beverage tax was estimated to cost $1.40 less in compensating variation than an ounce-based tax per 3,500 beverage calories reduced. This difference in welfare cost estimates between two tax strategies is more than three times the difference estimated by the conventional distance metric model. If applied to products purchased from all sources, a 0.04-cent per kcal tax on sugar-sweetened beverages is predicted to reduce annual per capita beverage intake by 5,800)kcal.
Book Synopsis Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxation in the Region of the Americas by : Global Health Advocacy Incubator
Download or read book Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxation in the Region of the Americas written by Global Health Advocacy Incubator and published by . This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugar-sweetened beverage excise taxes are an effective evidence-based noncommunicable diseases (NCD) prevention policy. Along with tobacco and alcohol excise taxes, they are a tool to attain the Sustainable Development Goals, and are recommended by the World Health Organization to modify behavioral risk factors associated with obesity and NCDs, as featured in the WHO Global Action Plan. Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages have been described as a triple win for governments, because they 1) improuve population health, 2) generate revenue, and 3) have the potential to reduce long-term associated healthcare costs and productivity losses. Taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages has been implemented in more than 73 countries worldwide. In the Region of the Americas, 21 PAHO/WHO Member States apply national-level excise taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and seven jurisdictions apply local sugar-sweetened beverage taxes in the United States of America. While the number of countries applying national excise taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages in the Region is promising, most of these taxes could be further leveraged to improve their impact on sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and health. This publication provides economic concepts related to the economic rationale for using sugar-sweetened beverage taxes and the costs associated with obesity; key considerations on tax design including tax types, bases, and rates; an overview of potential tax revenue and earmarking; evidence on the extent to which these taxes are expected to impact prices of taxed beverages, the demand for taxed beverages, and substitution to untaxed beverages; and responses to frequent questions about the economic impacts of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309466326 Total Pages :131 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Strategies to Limit Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Young Children by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Strategies to Limit Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Young Children written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-01-13 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On June 21â€"22, 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board convened a workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the range of policies and programs that exist at the federal, state, tribal, and local levels to limit sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in children birth to 5 years of age. Topics examined over the course of the 1.5-day workshop included prevalence and trends in beverage intake among young children; beverage intake guidelines applicable to the age range of interest; challenges and opportunities of influencing beverage consumption; the role of industry in beverage intake; and knowledge gaps and research needs. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Book Synopsis Caloric Intake from Fast Food Among Adults by : Cheryl D. Fryar
Download or read book Caloric Intake from Fast Food Among Adults written by Cheryl D. Fryar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Guideline: Sugars Intake for Adults and Children by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Guideline: Sugars Intake for Adults and Children written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-03-31 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guideline provides updated global, evidence-informed recommendations on the intake of free sugars to reduce the risk of NCDs in adults and children, with a particular focus on the prevention and control of unhealthy weight gain and dental caries. The recommendations in this guideline can be used by policy-makers and programme managers to assess current intake levels of free sugars in their countries relative to a benchmark. They can also be used to develop measures to decrease intake of free sugars, where necessary, through a range of public health interventions. Examples of such interventions and measures that are already being implemented by countries include food and nutrition labelling, consumer education, regulation of marketing of food and non-alcoholic beverages that are high in free sugars, and fiscal policies targeting foods and beverages that are high in free sugars. This guideline should be used in conjunction with other nutrient guidelines and dietary goals, in particular those related to fats and fatty acids (including saturated fatty acids and trans-fatty acids), to guide development of effective public health nutrition policies and programmes to promote a healthy diet.
Book Synopsis Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption, Obesity and Diabetes by : Fan Zhao
Download or read book Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption, Obesity and Diabetes written by Fan Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite ongoing public health interventions to prevent obesity, the prevalence of obesity is still increasing in the United States. Obesity is also the strongest modifiable risk factor for diabetes. Non-Hispanic African American adults are most susceptible to obesity than Whites. There are also racial disparities in dietary factors that contribute to high energy intake. Compared with whites, African Americans tend to have consume more saturated fat and salt; fewer in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. While current policies may successfully reduce unhealthy diet behaviors and therefore reduce weight, few of these policy studies conducted racial/ethnic disparities analyses. We applied causal mediation analysis to investigate what the racial disparities in obesity would be if we were able to intervene and eliminate racial disparities regarding diet. For example, how much racial disparities in obesity would be eliminated if soda consumption among Blacks equals Whites. Current studies on obesity disparities are based on regression or OaxacaBlinder decomposition framework. These studies at best provide explanatory roles of diet in racial disparities in obesity, instead of a causal interpretation. We applied causal mediation analysis to a longitudinal cohort. The cohort provides a clear temporal ordering of covariate assessment, diet mediators, and weight gain. Strategies to influence the intake of healthy food and amount of energy consumed include a focus on changing nutrition environment. One approach is a 1-cent-per-ounce SSB excise tax. Literature has shown that the soda tax increased SSB retail prices for consumers, and reduced SSB purchase as well as intake. However, current studies using real world data did not evaluate soda tax's effect on weight and weight-related health outcomes. We took the advantage that four California cities have implemented a 1-cent-per-ounce soda tax since 2015 and applied quasi-experiment design. California also provides a large and racially diverse population to evaluate the health impact of soda tax. Examining multiple cities provides a richer and more complete understanding of how the taxes affect consumption across a range of settings. There has been ongoing debate on implementing soda tax at the state or federal level. What remains unclear is the size of the effect that soda tax has on health and health care costs in the long term. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of soda tax to inform policy decision. Our evaluation of the 1-cent-per-ounce soda tax brought to attention a potential problem for the design of similar policies against unhealthy food. That is, people switch to other high-calorie drinks such as fruit juice and milk as substitutions. Due to extra calorie intake, people's weight may even increase after soda tax, although it's still beneficial that people are choosing healthier beverages. Future study is needed to investigate substitution patterns.
Book Synopsis Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity by : National Research Council
Download or read book Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-10 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of childhood obesity is so high in the United States that it may reduce the life expectancy of today's generation of children. While parents and other adult caregivers play a fundamental role in teaching children about healthy behaviors, even the most positive efforts can be undermined by local environments that are poorly suited to supporting healthy behaviors. For example, many communities lack ready sources of healthy food choices, such as supermarkets and grocery stores. Or they may not provide safe places for children to walk or play. In such communities, even the most motivated child or adolescent may find it difficult to act in healthy ways. Local governments-with jurisdiction over many aspects of land use, food marketing, community planning, transportation, health and nutrition programs, and other community issues-are ideally positioned to promote behaviors that will help children and adolescents reach and maintain healthy weights. Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity presents a number of recommendations that touch on the vital role of government actions on all levels-federal, state, and local-in childhood obesity prevention. The book offers healthy eating and physical activity strategies for local governments to consider, making it an excellent resource for mayors, managers, commissioners, council members, county board members, and administrators.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Beverage Consumption in the United States Using the National Health and Examination Survey 2007-2017 by : Sean Morris
Download or read book An Analysis of Beverage Consumption in the United States Using the National Health and Examination Survey 2007-2017 written by Sean Morris and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) are liquids sweetened with various forms of added sugar. They are the leading source of calories and added sugar in the American diet (Drewnowski & Rehm, 2014; National Cancer Institute, 2016; Powell, Chriqui, Khan, Wada, & Chaloupka, 2013). The health and nutrition literature has increasingly identified added sugars and SSBs as a key potential contributor to a host of public health issues including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (Johnson et al., 2009; Malik, Popkin, Bray, Despres, & Hu, 2010; Vartanian, Schwartz, & Brownell, 2007). Concern about these public health crises has recently animated regional and local campaigns to attempt to limit consumption of these items through taxes and other policies. These policy proposals have raised demand for information and research about the drivers and effects SSB and beverage consumption in general. This study documents the major systems that have been used to categorize different types of SSBs and proposes a new beverage categorization typology -- the Synthesized Beverage Categorization System -- that cross references information from the What We Eat In America Food Categories and the Food Patterns Equivalents Database to offer the most precise SSB typology available today. The remaining sections use reported dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to analyze consumption patterns of sugary beverage subtypes in a number of ways. First this study lays the groundwork for future studies of beverage consumption by examining consumption patterns of major SSB subtypes for adults and children by a number of variables commonly used in dietary intake analysis. Second, this article provides an analysis of sociodemographic trends in the consumption of several major sugary-beverage subtypes by age group, race and gender. Finally, consumption patterns of conventional and "non-traditional" SSBs are provided for the last 4 NHANES data collection cycles to analyze recent trends in reported intake of calories and added sugars from sugary beverages.
Book Synopsis The Public Health Effects of Food Deserts by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Public Health Effects of Food Deserts written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-02 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, people living in low-income neighborhoods frequently do not have access to affordable healthy food venues, such as supermarkets. Instead, those living in "food deserts" must rely on convenience stores and small neighborhood stores that offer few, if any, healthy food choices, such as fruits and vegetables. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and National Research Council (NRC) convened a two-day workshop on January 26-27, 2009, to provide input into a Congressionally-mandated food deserts study by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service. The workshop, summarized in this volume, provided a forum in which to discuss the public health effects of food deserts.
