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Author : United States. Department of the Treasury
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)
Download or read book Estimates of Federal Tax Expenditures written by United States. Department of the Treasury and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Timothy J. Bartik
Publisher : W.E. Upjohn Institute
ISBN 13 : 0880996684
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Making Sense of Incentives written by Timothy J. Bartik and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bartik provides a clear and concise overview of how state and local governments employ economic development incentives in order to lure companies to set up shop—and provide new jobs—in needy local labor markets. He shows that many such incentive offers are wasteful and he provides guidance, based on decades of research, on how to improve these programs.
Author : Gary Fromm
Publisher : Washington : Brookings Institution
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Tax Incentives and Capital Spending written by Gary Fromm and published by Washington : Brookings Institution. This book was released on 1971 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (822 download)
Download or read book Tax Incentives and Capital Spending written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Medical and Dental Expenses written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Daphne A. Kenyon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781558442337
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (423 download)
Download or read book Rethinking Property Tax Incentives for Business written by Daphne A. Kenyon and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of property tax incentives for business by local governments throughout the United States has escalated over the last 50 years. While there is little evidence that these tax incentives are an effective instrument to promote economic development, they cost state and local governments $5 to $10 billion each year in forgone revenue. Three major obstacles can impede the success of property tax incentives as an economic development tool. First, incentives are unlikely to have a significant impact on a firm's profitability since property taxes are a small part of the total costs for most businesses--averaging much less than 1 percent of total costs for the U.S. manufacturing sector. Second, tax breaks are sometimes given to businesses that would have chosen the same location even without the incentives. When this happens, property tax incentives merely deplete the tax base without promoting economic development. Third, widespread use of incentives within a metropolitan area reduces their effectiveness, because when firms can obtain similar tax breaks in most jurisdictions, incentives are less likely to affect business location decisions. This report reviews five types of property tax incentives and examines their characteristics, costs, and effectiveness: property tax abatement programs; tax increment finance; enterprise zones; firm-specific property tax incentives; and property tax exemptions in connection with issuance of industrial development bonds. Alternatives to tax incentives should be considered by policy makers, such as customized job training, labor market intermediaries, and business support services. State and local governments also can pursue a policy of broad-based taxes with low tax rates or adopt split-rate property taxation with lower taxes on buildings than land.State policy makers are in a good position to increase the effectiveness of property tax incentives since they control how local governments use them. For example, states can restrict the use of incentives to certain geographic areas or certain types of facilities; publish information on the use of property tax incentives; conduct studies on their effectiveness; and reduce destructive local tax competition by not reimbursing local governments for revenue they forgo when they award property tax incentives.Local government officials can make wiser use of property tax incentives for business and avoid such incentives when their costs exceed their benefits. Localities should set clear criteria for the types of projects eligible for incentives; limit tax breaks to mobile facilities that export goods or services out of the region; involve tax administrators and other stakeholders in decisions to grant incentives; cooperate on economic development with other jurisdictions in the area; and be clear from the outset that not all businesses that ask for an incentive will receive one.Despite a generally poor record in promoting economic development, property tax incentives continue to be used. The goal is laudable: attracting new businesses to a jurisdiction can increase income or employment, expand the tax base, and revitalize distressed urban areas. In a best case scenario, attracting a large facility can increase worker productivity and draw related firms to the area, creating a positive feedback loop. This report offers recommendations to improve the odds of achieving these economic development goals.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book U.S. Tax Guide for Aliens written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Internal Revenue Service
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Income Averaging written by United States. Internal Revenue Service and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Cailin R. Slattery
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Evaluating State and Local Business Tax Incentives written by Cailin R. Slattery and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essay describes and evaluates state and local business tax incentives in the United States. In 2014, states spent between $5 and $216 per capita on incentives for firms in the form of firm-specific subsidies and general tax credits, which mostly target investment, job creation, and research and development. Collectively, these incentives amounted to nearly 40% of state corporate tax revenues for the typical state, but some states' incentive spending exceeded their corporate tax revenues. States with higher per capita incentives tend to have higher state corporate tax rates. Recipients of firm-specific incentives are usually large establishments in manufacturing, technology, and high-skilled service industries, and the average discretionary subsidy is $178M for 1,500 promised jobs. Firms tend to accept subsidy deals from places that are richer, larger, and more urban than the average county, and poor places provide larger incentives and spend more per job. Comparing "winning" and runner-up locations for each deal in a bigger and more recent sample than in prior work, we find that average employment within the 3-digit industry of the deal increases by roughly 1,500 jobs. While we find some evidence of direct employment gains from attracting a firm, we do not find strong evidence that firm-specific tax incentives increase broader economic growth at the state and local level. Although these incentives are often intended to attract and retain high-spillover firms, the evidence on spillovers and productivity effects of incentives appears mixed. As subsidy-giving has become more prevalent, subsidies are no longer as closely tied to firm investment. If subsidy deals do not lead to high spillovers, justifying these incentives requires substantial equity gains, which are also unclear empirically.
Author : Douglas J. Cumming
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124095968
Total Pages : 781 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)
Download or read book Venture Capital and Private Equity Contracting written by Douglas J. Cumming and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Other books present corporate finance approaches to the venture capital and private equity industry, but many key decisions require an understanding of the ways that law and economics work together. This revised and updated 2e offers broad perspectives and principles not found in other course books, enabling readers to deduce the economic implications of specific contract terms. This approach avoids the common pitfalls of implying that contractual terms apply equally to firms in any industry anywhere in the world. In the 2e, datasets from over 40 countries are used to analyze and consider limited partnership contracts, compensation agreements, and differences in the structure of limited partnership venture capital funds, corporate venture capital funds, and government venture capital funds. There is also an in-depth study of contracts between different types of venture capital funds and entrepreneurial firms, including security design, and detailed cash flow, control and veto rights. The implications of such contracts for value-added effort and for performance are examined with reference to data from an international perspective. With seven new or completely revised chapters covering a range of topics from Fund Size and Diseconomies of Scale to Fundraising and Regulation, this new edition will be essential for financial and legal students and researchers considering international venture capital and private equity. An analysis of the structure and governance features of venture capital contracts In-depth study of contracts between different types of venture capital funds and entrepreneurial firms Presents international datasets from over 40 countries around the world Additional references on a companion website Contains sample contracts, including limited partnership agreements, term sheets, shareholder agreements, and subscription agreements
Author : Christopher G. Faricy
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610449045
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)
Download or read book The Other Side of the Coin written by Christopher G. Faricy and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite high levels of inequality and wage stagnation over several decades, the United States has done relatively little to address these problems—at least in part due to public opinion, which remains highly influential in determining the size and scope of social welfare programs that provide direct benefits to retirees, unemployed workers or poor families. On the other hand, social tax expenditures—or tax subsidies that help citizens pay for expenses such as health insurance or the cost of college and invest in retirement plans—have been widely and successfully implemented, and they now comprise nearly 40 percent of the spending of the American social welfare state. In The Other Side of the Coin, political scientists Christopher Ellis and Christopher Faricy examine public opinion towards social tax expenditures—the other side of the American social welfare state—and their potential to expand support for such social investment. Tax expenditures seek to accomplish many of the goals of direct government expenditures, but they distribute money indirectly, through tax refunds or reductions in taxable income, rather than direct payments on goods and services or benefits. They tend to privilege market-based solutions to social problems such as employer-based tax subsidies for purchasing health insurance versus government-provided health insurance. Drawing on nationally representative surveys and survey experiments, Ellis and Faricy show that social welfare policies designed as tax expenditures, as opposed to direct spending on social welfare programs, are widely popular with the general public. Contrary to previous research suggesting that recipients of these subsidies are often unaware of indirect government aid—sometimes called “the hidden welfare state”—Ellis and Faricy find that citizens are well aware of them and act in their economic self-interest in supporting tax breaks for social welfare purposes. The authors find that many people view the beneficiaries of social tax expenditures to be more deserving of government aid than recipients of direct public social programs, indicating that how government benefits are delivered affects people’s views of recipients’ worthiness. Importantly, tax expenditures are more likely to appeal to citizens with anti-government attitudes, low levels of trust in government, or racial prejudices. As a result, social spending conducted through the tax code is likely to be far more popular than direct government spending on public programs that have the same goals. The first empirical examination of the broad popularity of tax expenditures, The Other Side of the Coin provides compelling insights into constructing a politically feasible—and potentially bipartisan—way to expand the scope of the American welfare state.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)
Download or read book Tax Expenditures written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Brookings Conference on the Effects of Tax Policy on Investment, Brookings Institution, 1967
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815729426
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (294 download)
Download or read book Tax Incentives and Capital Spending written by Brookings Conference on the Effects of Tax Policy on Investment, Brookings Institution, 1967 and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book The Budget and Economic Outlook written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172888
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Making Money Matter written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-30 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States annually spends over $300 billion on public elementary and secondary education. As the nation enters the 21st century, it faces a major challenge: how best to tie this financial investment to the goal of high levels of achievement for all students. In addition, policymakers want assurance that education dollars are being raised and used in the most efficient and effective possible ways. The book covers such topics as: Legal and legislative efforts to reduce spending and achievement gaps. The shift from "equity" to "adequacy" as a new standard for determining fairness in education spending. The debate and the evidence over the productivity of American schools. Strategies for using school finance in support of broader reforms aimed at raising student achievement. This book contains a comprehensive review of the theory and practice of financing public schools by federal, state, and local governments in the United States. It distills the best available knowledge about the fairness and productivity of expenditures on education and assesses options for changing the finance system.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Reducing the Deficit, Spending and Revenue Options written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eric J. Toder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)
Download or read book Bad Breaks All Around written by Eric J. Toder and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a time of both budget surpluses and hostility toward government spending, tax breaks are politically appealing. But most tax breaks fail tests of transparency, accountability, and progressivity. This report, prepared by The Century Foundation Working Group on Tax Expenditures, offers broad policy recommendations as well as numerous examples of unjustifiable tax breaks. The report also includes three background papers: "Evaluating Tax Incentives as a Tool for Social and Economic Policy" by Eric Toder, Working Group executive director "Tax Expenditures in the Federal Budget" by Michael Ettlinger, Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy "Tax Breaks and Behavior: A Review of Evidence" by Bernard Wasow, The Century Foundation.
