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Author : Isabel Lastres-Becker
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889719235
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)
Download or read book Tau Protein: Mechanisms from Health to Degeneration written by Isabel Lastres-Becker and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-03 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jesus Avila
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 288919261X
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Tau oligomers written by Jesus Avila and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of intracellular aggregates of tau protein are a key neuropathological feature of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases, collectively termed tauopathies. The abundance of NFTs has been reported to correlate positively with the severity of cognitive impairment in AD. However, accumulating evidences derived from studies of experimental models have identified that NFTs themselves may not be neurotoxic. Now, many of tau researchers are seeking a “toxic” form of tau protein. Moreover, it was suggested that a “toxic” tau was capable to seed aggregation of native tau protein and to propagate in a prion-like manner. However, the exact neurotoxic tau species remain unclear. Because mature tangles seem to be non-toxic component, “tau oligomers” as the candidate of “toxic” tau have been investigated for more than one decade. In this topic, we will discuss our consensus of “tau oligomers” because the term of “tau oligomers” [e.g. dimer (disulfide bond-dependent or independent), multimer (more than dimer), granular (definition by EM or AFM) and maybe small filamentous aggregates] has been used by each researchers definition. From a biochemical point of view, tau protein has several unique characteristics such as natively unfolded conformation, thermo-stability, acid-stability, and capability of post-translational modifications. Although tau protein research has been continued for a long time, we are still missing the mechanisms of NFT formation. It is unclear how the conversion is occurred from natively unfolded protein to abnormally mis-folded protein. It remains unknown how tau protein can be formed filaments [e.g. paired helical filament (PHF), straight filament and twisted filament] in cells albeit in vitro studies confirmed tau self-assembly by several inducing factors. Researchers are still debating whether tau oligomerization is primary event rather than tau phosphorylation in the tau pathogenesis. Inhibition of either tau phosphorylation or aggregation has been investigated for the prevention of tauopathies, however, it will make an irrelevant result if we don’t know an exact target of neurotoxicity. It is a time to have a consensus of definition, terminology and methodology for the identification of “tau oligomers”.
Author : Ming Hong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (187 download)
Download or read book Mechanisms of Tau Protein Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Tauopathies written by Ming Hong and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Akihiko Takashima
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813293586
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)
Download or read book Tau Biology written by Akihiko Takashima and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents essential studies and cutting-edge research results on tau, which is attracting increasing interest as a target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Tau is well known as a microtubule-associated protein that is predominantly localized in the axons of neurons. In various forms of brain disease, neuronal loss occurs, with deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau in the remaining neurons. Important questions remain regarding the way in which tau forms hyperphosphorylated and fibrillar deposits in neurons, and whether tau aggregation represents the toxic pathway leading to neuronal death. With the help of new technologies, researchers are now solving these long-standing questions. In this book, readers will find the latest expert knowledge on all aspects of tau biology, including the structure and role of the tau molecule, tau localization and function, the pathology, drivers, and markers of tauopathies, tau aggregation, and treatments targeting tau. Tau Biology will be an invaluable source of information and fresh ideas for those involved in the development of more effective therapies and for all who seek a better understanding of the biology of the aging brain.
Author : Applied Research Press
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781516825035
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (25 download)
Download or read book Neuron-To-Neuron Wild-Type Tau Protein Transfer Through a Trans-Synaptic Mechanism written by Applied Research Press and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-08-09 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In sporadic Tauopathies, neurofibrillary degeneration (NFD) is characterised by the intraneuronal aggregation of wild-type Tau proteins. In the human brain, the hierarchical pathways of this neurodegeneration have been well established in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other sporadic tauopathies such as argyrophilic grain disorder and progressive supranuclear palsy but the molecular and cellular mechanisms supporting this progression are yet not known. These pathways appear to be associated with the intercellular transmission of pathology, as recently suggested in Tau transgenic mice. However, these conclusions remain ill-defined due to a lack of toxicity data and difficulties associated with the use of mutant Tau. Taken together, these results support a novel mechanism for Tau protein transfer compared to previous reports based on transgenic models with mutant cDNA. It also demonstrates that mutant Tau proteins are not suitable for the development of experimental models helpful to validate therapeutic intervention interfering with Tau spreading.
Author : Sonia Do Carmo
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889716252
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)
Download or read book Tau Pathology in Neurological Disorders written by Sonia Do Carmo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Caroline Smet-Nocca
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 1071636294
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (716 download)
Download or read book Tau Protein written by Caroline Smet-Nocca and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jesus Avila
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889638359
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)
Download or read book Untangling the Role of Tau in Physiology and Pathology written by Jesus Avila and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author : Elias Akoury
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Tau Protein Aggregation Inhibition written by Elias Akoury and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of all neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's Disease is the most widespread dementia syndrome, exhibiting progressive memory loss and intellectual abilities. One of the pathological hallmarks of this disease is associated to the presence of abundant intracellular deposits of the Tau protein. Accumulation of these stable species is a multistep process that involves the formation of various transients. Understanding this key step may eventually enable to obstruct aggregation. Tau protein is an intrinsically disordered protein, abundant in neuronal axons where it promotes and stabilizes micr ...
Author : Inga Zerr
Publisher : IntechOpen
ISBN 13 : 9789535110095
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Understanding Alzheimer's Disease written by Inga Zerr and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer's dementia (AD) affects 6 million Europeans with 10% of people over age 65 and more than a quarter over 85. Given the steady aging of European societies, dementia and cognitive decline have developed into a major health problem with an enormous socioeconomic impact for patients, their families and caregivers, national health care systems, and society. Without any means to prevent or delay disease onset, the number of people with dementia is predicted to double by 2030 and triple by 2050. There is an urgent need for innovative strategies to increase understanding of pathological events that would translate into the development of successful prevention or, possibly, novel treatment strategies. Progresses in understanding pathological events in AD have been possible by using cell cultures, genetically modified organisms and animal models that lack the complexity of events occurring in humans. We need to overcome this limitation also by using data from humans - for studying pathological pathways in AD in a multidisciplinary setting.
Author : José Luna-Muñoz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Phosphorylation of Tau Protein Associated as a Protective Mechanism in the Presence of Toxic, C-Terminally Truncated Tau in Alzheimer's Disease written by José Luna-Muñoz and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorylation of Tau Protein Associated as a Protective Mechanism in the Presence of Toxic, C-Terminally Truncated Tau in Alzheimer's Disease.
Author : Mathias Jucker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642354912
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)
Download or read book Proteopathic Seeds and Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Mathias Jucker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-27 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The misfolding and aggregation of specific proteins is an early and obligatory event in many of the age-related neurodegenerative diseases of humans. The initial cause of this pathogenic cascade and the means whereby disease spreads through the nervous system, remain uncertain. A recent surge of research, first instigated by pathologic similarities between prion disease and Alzheimer’s disease, increasingly implicates the conversion of disease-specific proteins into an aggregate-prone b-sheet-rich state as the prime mover of the neurodegenerative process. This prion-like corruptive protein templating or seeding now characterizes such clinically and etiologically diverse neurological disorders as Alzheimer ́s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Understanding the misfolding, aggregation, trafficking and pathogenicity of the affected proteins could therefore reveal universal pathomechanistic principles for some of the most devastating and intractable human brain disorders. It is time to accept that the prion concept is no longer confined to prionoses but is a promising concept for the understanding and treatment of a remarkable variety of diseases that afflict primarily our aging society.
Author : Matthew A.J. Wade
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Mechanisms Underlying Tau Release and Transmission in Tauopathies written by Matthew A.J. Wade and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of this work demonstrated regional increases in aggregated and/or phosphorylated tau including in the cortex and brainstem, although it was not possible to relate these changes to specific tau isoforms. Htau mice were found to express six isoforms of tau in the gut, together with tau proteins. However, no abnormalities in the enteric nervous system tau were found in experimental animals. The findings in this thesis thus partly support the hypothesis since they indicate that alterations in tau phosphorylation may modify tau release. In addition, they provide further evidence that tau can propagate from the periphery to induce CNS tau alterations. These data add to the growing body of knowledge about the role of tau protein behaviour in neurodegenerativo tauopathies.
Author : Patrick R. Hof
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008052558X
Total Pages : 989 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Functional Neurobiology of Aging written by Patrick R. Hof and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-01-11 with total page 989 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some well-known age-related neurological diseases include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, deafness, and blindness. Even more common are the problems of aging which are not due to disease but to more subtle impairments in neurobiological systems, including impairments in vision, memory loss, muscle weakening, and loss of reproductive functions, changes in body weight, and sleeplessness. As the average age of our society increases, diseases of aging continue to become more common, and conditions associated with aging need more attention by doctors and researchers. In 1991, patients over the age of 65 saw their doctors an average of eight times per year. Research funding is provided by the Neuroscience and Neuropsychology of Aging (NNA) Program, which is run by the National Institute on Aging. This book offers a comprehensive overview of all topics related to functional impairments which are related to the aging brain and nervous system. It is organized according to four general functions: movement, senses, memory, and neuroendocrine regulation. Written by the leading researchers in the field, this comprehensive work addresses both impairments associated with diseases and not associated with diseases, making it easier to understand the mechanisms involved. Functional Neurobiology of Aging is an important reference for professionals and students involved in aging research, as well as physicians who need to recognize and understand age-related impairments. - Organized by function, making it easy to find and understand the material - Addresses impairments both associated with diseases and not associated with diseases - Written by leading researchers in the field - Most comprehensive source of information on the neurobiology of aging
Author : Omar Ismaeel Mohammed AL-Danoon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Studying the Charge Effect on Aggregation of Tau Protein by Atomic Force Microscopy written by Omar Ismaeel Mohammed AL-Danoon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A class of neuropathological diseases called tauopathies is defined by the intracellular aggregation of tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other diseases). In order to understand the molecular mechanism of tauopathies, the aggregation of tau protein is often studied in vitro. Previous studies show that negatively charged surfaces (such as surfaces of anionic micelles) promote the aggregation of tau protein. Molecular mechanisms of how the negatively charged surfaces affect aggregation remain unclear; however, it might be expected that such surfaces have a significant effect on tau protein conformation because tau protein belongs to the class of natively unstructured proteins. In this work we use Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to obtain more detailed information on the behavior of tau protein. We study the interaction between a fragment of mutant tau protein and negatively charged surfaces (such as freshly cleaved mica and a self-assembled layer of mercaptoundecanoic acid), and the intermolecular interaction between different tau proteins at various pH values. The results show that modulation of pH in the range that affects the charge of histidine residues correlates with changes in the interaction between tau protein molecules and the interaction of tau protein with negatively charged surfaces. It is found that the entire protein chain adsorbs on negatively charged surfaces. In contrast, the interaction between different tau protein molecules is greater when the charge of histidine residue is neutralized at pH values above 7. This is consistent with results that show increasing rates of tau aggregation when the isoelectric point is approached. Results of the measurements are consistent with tau protein predominantly forming different types of intermolecular arrangements at different pH values: parallel structure at low pH (6.0-6.7) and anti-parallel structure at high pH (7.0-8.0). Thus, our results suggest that at physiological pH, tau protein fragments form predominantly antiparallel structures. Additionally, it was found that the probability of forming a physical bond between tau proteins significantly depends on the time that two molecules spend in proximity to each other. It was observed that longer interaction time facilitates the formation of stronger intermolecular bonds.
Author : Haishan Yin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (838 download)
Download or read book Triggers and Enhancers of Tau Aggregation written by Haishan Yin and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Alzheimer's disease is characterized in part by the aggregation of tau protein into filamentous inclusions. Tau aggregation is not only a robust marker of disease progression, but also contributes directly to degeneration in affected neurons. In this context, the mechanism of tau filament formation and its modulation by posttranslational modification are of fundamental importance. To clarify the forces that drive neurofibrillary lesion formation, the mechanism of tau filament formation is investigated in vitro and in cellular models. First, we clarify that the aggregation reaction is triggered by environmental conditions that stabilize assembly-competent conformations. It also shows that planar aromatic dyes capable of binding the intermediate state with high affinity are also capable of triggering fibrillization. Dye-mediated tau aggregation is characterized in detail and demonstrated as a novel approach to study tau aggregation mechanism in vitro. Using one of these small molecule dyes as inducer, role of proteolytic post-translational modification on tau aggregation is studied. The data show that C-terminal proteolysis can modulate tau filament accumulation through decreasing critical concentration and also through directly augmenting the efficiency of the nucleation reaction. Similarly, Congo Red, another planar aromatic dye identified in above experiment, is applied to tau stable cell line to establish a new cell culture model of tauopathy. Formation of detergent insoluble aggregates is both time and agonist concentration dependent without relating to tau hyperphosphorylation. Results also suggest that conformational changes associated with aggregation are incompatible with microtubule binding, and that aggregation can be toxic in the presence of cellular stress that compromises proteasome function. Tau hyperphosphorylation precedes neuritic lesion formation in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting it participates in the tau fibrillization reaction pathway. Candidate tau protein kinases include casein kinase 1 (CK1) family, which highly overexpress in Alzheimer's disease brain and colocalize with neuritic and granulovacuolar lesions. Here we show that Cki-delta phosphorylates tau in vivo. Next, we demonstrate that dysbindin structural homologue CK1BP is an isoform-selective binding partner of human casein kinase-1 and that the acidic domain of dysbindin and its paralogs in humans may function to recruit CK1 isoforms to protein complexes involved in multiple biological functions.
Author : Gabor G. Kovacs
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316337650
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (163 download)
Download or read book Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Gabor G. Kovacs and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide to the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases discusses modern molecular techniques, morphological classification, fundamentals of clinical symptomology, diagnostic pitfalls and immunostaining protocols. It is based on the proteinopathy concept of neurodegenerative disease, which has influenced classification and provides new strategies for therapy. Numerous high-quality images, including histopathology photomicrographs and neuroradiology scans, accompany the description of morphologic alterations and interpretation of immunoreactivities. Diagnostic methods and criteria are placed within recent developments in neuropathology, including the now widespread application of immunohistochemistry. To aid daily practice, the guide includes diagnostic algorithms and offers personal insights from experienced experts in the field. Special focus is given to the way brain tissue should be handled during diagnosis. This is a must-have reference for medical specialists and specialist medical trainees in the fields of pathology, neuropathology and neurology working with neuropathologic features of neurodegenerative diseases.
