Talking to North Korea

Download Talking to North Korea PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pluto Press (UK)
ISBN 13 : 9780745337869
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (378 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Talking to North Korea by : Glyn Ford

Download or read book Talking to North Korea written by Glyn Ford and published by Pluto Press (UK). This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many roads to war, but only one path to peace in North Korea

The Six-Party Talks on North Korea

Download The Six-Party Talks on North Korea PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811071136
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Six-Party Talks on North Korea by : Mi-yeon Hur

Download or read book The Six-Party Talks on North Korea written by Mi-yeon Hur and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-03 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book traces the past decade of dynamic interactions among the concerned states involved in the Six-Party Talks on North Korean nuclear programs. Unlike existing studies which usually dissect incidents of the talks, the book provides a comprehensive systemic analysis of the Six-Party Talks process from A to Z. These new insights into the nuclear drama in the Northeast Asian region will be of value to scholars, policy makers, and analysts.

Ask A North Korean

Download Ask A North Korean PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Tuttle Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1462919863
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (629 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ask A North Korean by : Daniel Tudor

Download or read book Ask A North Korean written by Daniel Tudor and published by Tuttle Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In his new book, Ask a North Korean, Daniel Tudor--a former Economist journalist and current Korean beer entrepreneur-- wants people to understand the true lives of everyday North Koreans. Using translated essays written by defectors, the book covers topics from politics to pornography." -- The Boston Globe Understanding North Korean Through the Eyes of Defectors. The weekly column Ask A North Korean, published by NK News, invites readers from around the world to pose questions to North Korean defectors. Adapted from the long-running column, these fascinating interviews provide authentic firsthand testimonies about life in North Korea and what is really happening inside the "Hermit Kingdom." North Korean contributors to this book include: "Seong" who went to South Korea after dropping out during his final year of university. He is now training to be an elementary school teacher. "Kang" who left North Korea in 2005. He now lives in London, England. "Cheol" who was from South Hamgyeong in North Korea and is now a second-year university student in Seoul. "Park" worked and studied in Pyongyang before defecting to the U.S. in 2011. He is now studying at a U.S. college. Ask A North Korean sheds critical light on all aspects of North Korean politics and society and shows that, even in the world's most authoritarian regime, life goes on in ways that are very different from what outsiders may think.

The Hermit King

Download The Hermit King PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : All Points Books
ISBN 13 : 1250202833
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Hermit King by : Chung Min Lee

Download or read book The Hermit King written by Chung Min Lee and published by All Points Books. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North Korea is poised at the crossroads of history. Which direction will its leader take? Throughout the world, oppressive regimes are being uprooted and replaced by budding democracies, but one exception remains: The People's Republic of North Korea. The Kim family has clung to power for three generations by silencing dissidents, ruling with an iron fist, and holding its neighbors hostage with threats of war. Under the leadership of Kim Jong Un, North Korea has come closer than ever to creating a viable nuclear arsenal, but widespread famine and growing resistance are weakening his regime's stability. In The Hermit King, Asian geopolitical expert Chung Min Lee tells the story of the rise of the Kim Dynasty and its atrocities, motivations, and diplomatic goals. He also discusses the possible outcomes of its aggressive standoff with the world superpowers. Kim Jong Un is not a crazed "Rocket Man" or a bumbling despot; he has been groomed since birth to take control of his country and stay in power at all costs. He is now at a fateful crossroads. Will he make good on decades of threats, liberalize North Korea and gain international legitimacy, or watch his regime crumble around him? Lee analyzes the likelihood and consequences of each of these possibilities, cautioning that in the end, a humanitarian crisis in the region is all but unavoidable. The Hermit King is a thoughtful and compelling look at the most complicated diplomatic situation on Earth.

Without You, There Is No Us

Download Without You, There Is No Us PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 0307720667
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (77 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Without You, There Is No Us by : Suki Kim

Download or read book Without You, There Is No Us written by Suki Kim and published by Crown. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A haunting account of teaching English to the sons of North Korea's ruling class during the last six months of Kim Jong-il's reign Every day, three times a day, the students march in two straight lines, singing praises to Kim Jong-il and North Korea: Without you, there is no motherland. Without you, there is no us. It is a chilling scene, but gradually Suki Kim, too, learns the tune and, without noticing, begins to hum it. It is 2011, and all universities in North Korea have been shut down for an entire year, the students sent to construction fields—except for the 270 students at the all-male Pyongyang University of Science and Technology (PUST), a walled compound where portraits of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il look on impassively from the walls of every room, and where Suki has gone undercover as a missionary and a teacher. Over the next six months, she will eat three meals a day with her young charges and struggle to teach them English, all under the watchful eye of the regime. Life at PUST is lonely and claustrophobic, especially for Suki, whose letters are read by censors and who must hide her notes and photographs not only from her minders but from her colleagues—evangelical Christian missionaries who don't know or choose to ignore that Suki doesn't share their faith. As the weeks pass, she is mystified by how easily her students lie, unnerved by their obedience to the regime. At the same time, they offer Suki tantalizing glimpses of their private selves—their boyish enthusiasm, their eagerness to please, the flashes of curiosity that have not yet been extinguished. She in turn begins to hint at the existence of a world beyond their own—at such exotic activities as surfing the Internet or traveling freely and, more dangerously, at electoral democracy and other ideas forbidden in a country where defectors risk torture and execution. But when Kim Jong-il dies, and the boys she has come to love appear devastated, she wonders whether the gulf between her world and theirs can ever be bridged. Without You, There Is No Us offers a moving and incalculably rare glimpse of life in the world's most unknowable country, and at the privileged young men she calls "soldiers and slaves."

In Order to Live

Download In Order to Live PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0698409361
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (984 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis In Order to Live by : Yeonmi Park

Download or read book In Order to Live written by Yeonmi Park and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “I am most grateful for two things: that I was born in North Korea, and that I escaped from North Korea.” - Yeonmi Park "One of the most harrowing stories I have ever heard - and one of the most inspiring." - The Bookseller “Park's remarkable and inspiring story shines a light on a country whose inhabitants live in misery beyond comprehension. Park's important memoir showcases the strength of the human spirit and one young woman's incredible determination to never be hungry again.” —Publishers Weekly In In Order to Live, Yeonmi Park shines a light not just into the darkest corners of life in North Korea, describing the deprivation and deception she endured and which millions of North Korean people continue to endure to this day, but also onto her own most painful and difficult memories. She tells with bravery and dignity for the first time the story of how she and her mother were betrayed and sold into sexual slavery in China and forced to suffer terrible psychological and physical hardship before they finally made their way to Seoul, South Korea—and to freedom. Park confronts her past with a startling resilience. In spite of everything, she has never stopped being proud of where she is from, and never stopped striving for a better life. Indeed, today she is a human rights activist working determinedly to bring attention to the oppression taking place in her home country. Park’s testimony is heartbreaking and unimaginable, but never without hope. This is the human spirit at its most indomitable.

The Cleanest Race

Download The Cleanest Race PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Melville House
ISBN 13 : 1935554972
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (355 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Cleanest Race by : B.R. Myers

Download or read book The Cleanest Race written by B.R. Myers and published by Melville House. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding North Korea through its propaganda What do the North Koreans really believe? How do they see themselves and the world around them? Here B.R. Myers, a North Korea analyst and a contributing editor of The Atlantic, presents the first full-length study of the North Korean worldview. Drawing on extensive research into the regime’s domestic propaganda, including films, romance novels and other artifacts of the personality cult, Myers analyzes each of the country’s official myths in turn—from the notion of Koreans’ unique moral purity, to the myth of an America quaking in terror of “the Iron General.” In a concise but groundbreaking historical section, Myers also traces the origins of this official culture back to the Japanese fascist thought in which North Korea’s first ideologues were schooled. What emerges is a regime completely unlike the West’s perception of it. This is neither a bastion of Stalinism nor a Confucian patriarchy, but a paranoid nationalist, “military-first” state on the far right of the ideological spectrum. Since popular support for the North Korean regime now derives almost exclusively from pride in North Korean military might, Pyongyang can neither be cajoled nor bullied into giving up its nuclear program. The implications for US foreign policy—which has hitherto treated North Korea as the last outpost of the Cold War—are as obvious as they are troubling. With North Korea now calling for a “blood reckoning” with the “Yankee jackals,” Myers’s unprecedented analysis could not be more timely.

Becoming Kim Jong Un

Download Becoming Kim Jong Un PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Ballantine Books
ISBN 13 : 1984819747
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (848 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Becoming Kim Jong Un by : Jung H. Pak

Download or read book Becoming Kim Jong Un written by Jung H. Pak and published by Ballantine Books. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking account of the rise of North Korea’s Kim Jong Un—from his nuclear ambitions to his summits with President Donald J. Trump—by a leading American expert “Shrewdly sheds light on the world’s most recognizable mysterious leader, his life and what’s really going on behind the curtain.”—Newsweek When Kim Jong Un became the leader of North Korea following his father's death in 2011, predictions about his imminent fall were rife. North Korea was isolated, poor, unable to feed its people, and clinging to its nuclear program for legitimacy. Surely this twentysomething with a bizarre haircut and no leadership experience would soon be usurped by his elders. Instead, the opposite happened. Now in his midthirties, Kim Jong Un has solidified his grip on his country and brought the United States and the region to the brink of war. Still, we know so little about him—or how he rules. Enter former CIA analyst Jung Pak, whose brilliant Brookings Institution essay “The Education of Kim Jong Un” cemented her status as the go-to authority on the calculating young leader. From the beginning of Kim’s reign, Pak has been at the forefront of shaping U.S. policy on North Korea and providing strategic assessments for leadership at the highest levels in the government. Now, in this masterly book, she traces and explains Kim’s ascent on the world stage, from his brutal power-consolidating purges to his abrupt pivot toward diplomatic engagement that led to his historic—and still poorly understood—summits with President Trump. She also sheds light on how a top intelligence analyst assesses thorny national security problems: avoiding biases, questioning assumptions, and identifying risks as well as opportunities. In piecing together Kim’s wholly unique life, Pak argues that his personality, perceptions, and preferences are underestimated by Washington policy wonks, who assume he sees the world as they do. As the North Korean nuclear threat grows, Becoming Kim Jong Un gives readers the first authoritative, behind-the-scenes look at Kim’s character and motivations, creating an insightful biography of the enigmatic man who could rule the hermit kingdom for decades—and has already left an indelible imprint on world history.

Negotiating with North Korea

Download Negotiating with North Korea PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135044848
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Negotiating with North Korea by : Leszek Buszynski

Download or read book Negotiating with North Korea written by Leszek Buszynski and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North Korea’s nuclear weapons program has provoked much apprehension in the international community in recent years. The Six Party Talks were convened in 2003 to prevent North Korea from developing nuclear weapons. They brought together the US, China, Russia, Japan as well as North and South Korea in the effort to negotiate a multilateral resolution of North Korea’s nuclear program but the parties had widely different views and approaches. This book will examine the Six Party Talks as a study in multilateral negotiation highlighting the expectations vested in them and their inability to develop a common approach to the issue. It holds out some important lessons for multilateral negotiation, diplomacy and dealing with North Korea.

Escaping North Korea

Download Escaping North Korea PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0742557332
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (425 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Escaping North Korea by : Mike Kim

Download or read book Escaping North Korea written by Mike Kim and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010-05-16 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of its kind, this book provides a unique inside look into the hidden world of ordinary North Koreans. Mike Kim, who worked with refugees on the Chinese border for four years, recounts their experiences of enduring famine, sex-trafficking, and torture, as well as the inspirational stories of those who overcame tremendous adversity to escape the repressive regime of their homeland and make new lives. One of the few Americans granted entry into the secretive "Hermit Kingdom," Kim came to know theisolated country and its people intimately. His North Korean friends entrusted their secrets to him as they revealed the government's brainwashing tactics and confessed their true thoughts about the repressive regime that so rigidly controls their lives.Civilians and soldiers alike spoke of what North Koreans think of Americans and war with America. Children remembered the suffering they endured through the famine. Women and girls recalled their horrific experiences at the hands of sex-traffickers. Former political prisoners shared their memories of beatings, torture, and executions in the gulags. With the permission of these courageous individuals, Kim now shares their stories and recounts his dramatic experiences leading North Koreans to asylum through the six-thousand-mile modern-day underground railway through Asia. His unflinching narrative exposes the truth about North Korea, stripping away the last veils that still shroud this brutal dictatorship.

Dear Leader

Download Dear Leader PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1476766568
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (767 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dear Leader by : Jang Jin-sung

Download or read book Dear Leader written by Jang Jin-sung and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-01-27 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this rare insider's view into contemporary North Korea, a high-ranking counterintelligence agent describes his life as a former poet laureate to Kim Jong-il and his breathtaking escape to freedom. "The General will now enter the room." Everyone turns to stone. Not moving my head, I direct my eyes to a point halfway up the archway where Kim Jong-il's face will soon appear... As North Korea's State Poet Laureate, Jang Jin-sung led a charmed life. With food provisions (even as the country suffered through its great famine), a travel pass, access to strictly censored information, and audiences with Kim Jong-il himself, his life in Pyongyang seemed safe and secure. But this privileged existence was about to be shattered. When a strictly forbidden magazine he lent to a friend goes missing, Jang Jin-sung must flee for his life. Never before has a member of the elite described the inner workings of this totalitarian state and its propaganda machine. An astonishing expose; told through the heart-stopping story of Jang Jin-sung's escape to South Korea, Dear Leader is a rare and unprecedented insight into the world's most secretive and repressive regime"--

True Believers

Download True Believers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 1476617694
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (766 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis True Believers by : David P. Fields

Download or read book True Believers written by David P. Fields and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essay argues that North Korean elites are "true believers" in the Kim personality cult. In his research, the author travelled to North Korea and discussed sensitive subjects with his North Korean guides. Making use of unconventional research methods and primary sources, it argues that the underlying stability of North Korea may be stronger than most would suspect or hope. "This McFarland E-Single originally appeared in the Spring 2014 issue of North Korean Review (ISSN 1551-2789). The first academic journal in North America or Europe to focus exclusively on North Korea, NKR is published twice each year. Subscriptions and back issues are available directly from McFarland.

Dear Reader

Download Dear Reader PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Michael Malice
ISBN 13 : 1495283259
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (952 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dear Reader by : Michael Malice

Download or read book Dear Reader written by Michael Malice and published by Michael Malice. This book was released on 2014-01-25 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No country is as misunderstood as North Korea, and no modern tyrant has remained more mysterious than the Dear Leader, Kim Jong Il. Now, celebrity ghostwriter Michael Malice pulls back the curtain to expose the life story of the "Incarnation of Love and Morality." Taken directly from books spirited out of Pyongyang, DEAR READER is a carefully reconstructed first-person account of the man behind the mythology. From his miraculous rainbow-filled birth during the fiery conflict of World War II, Kim Jong Il watched as his beloved Korea finally earned its freedom from the cursed Japanese. Mere years later, the wicked US imperialists took their chance at conquering the liberated nation—with devastating results. But that's only the beginning of the Dear Leader's story. In DEAR READER, Kim Jong Il explains: *How he can shrink time *Why he despises the Mona Lisa *How he recreated the arts in Korea *Why the Juche idea is the greatest concept ever discovered by man *How he handled the crippling famine *Why Kim Jong Un was chosen as successor over his elder brothers With nothing left uncovered, drawing straight from dozens of books, hundreds of articles and thousands of years of Korean history, DEAR READER is both the definitive account of Kim Jong Il's life and the complete stranger-than-fiction history of the world's most unique country.

Nuclear North Korea

Download Nuclear North Korea PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231548249
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nuclear North Korea by : Victor D. Cha

Download or read book Nuclear North Korea written by Victor D. Cha and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-11 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Victor D. Cha and David C. Kang’s Nuclear North Korea was first published in 2003 amid the outbreak of a lasting crisis over the North Korean nuclear program. It promptly became a landmark of an ongoing debate in academic and policy circles about whether to engage or contain North Korea. Fifteen years later, as North Korea tests intercontinental ballistic missiles and the U.S. president angrily refers to Kim Jong-un as “Rocket Man,” Nuclear North Korea remains an essential guide to the difficult choices we face. Coming from different perspectives—Kang believes the threat posed by Pyongyang has been inflated and endorses a more open approach, while Cha is more skeptical and advocates harsher measures, though both believe that some form of engagement is necessary—the authors together present authoritative analysis of one of the world’s thorniest challenges. They refute a number of misconceptions and challenge the faulty thinking that surrounds the discussion of North Korea, particularly the idea that North Korea is an irrational actor. Cha and Kang look at the implications of a nuclear North Korea, assess recent and current approaches to sanctions and engagement, and provide a functional framework for constructive policy. With a new chapter on the way forward for the international community in light of continued nuclear tensions, this book is of lasting relevance to understanding the state of affairs on the Korean peninsula.

Domestic Constraints on South Korean Foreign Policy

Download Domestic Constraints on South Korean Foreign Policy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Council on Foreign Relations
ISBN 13 : 0876097336
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (76 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Domestic Constraints on South Korean Foreign Policy by : Scott A. Snyder

Download or read book Domestic Constraints on South Korean Foreign Policy written by Scott A. Snyder and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These essays support the argument that strong and effective presidential leadership is the most important prerequisite for South Korea to sustain and project its influence abroad. That leadership should be attentive to the need for public consensus and should operate within established legislative mechanisms that ensure public accountability. The underlying structures sustaining South Korea’s foreign policy formation are generally sound; the bigger challenge is to manage domestic politics in ways that promote public confidence about the direction and accountability of presidential leadership in foreign policy.

North Korea

Download North Korea PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1442215771
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis North Korea by : Heonik Kwon

Download or read book North Korea written by Heonik Kwon and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely, pathbreaking study of North Korea’s political history and culture sheds invaluable light on the country’s unique leadership continuity and succession. Leading scholars Heonik Kwon and Byung-Ho Chung begin by tracing Kim Il Sung’s rise to power during the Cold War. They show how his successor, his eldest son, Kim Jong Il, sponsored the production of revolutionary art to unleash a public political culture that would consolidate Kim’s charismatic power and his own hereditary authority. The result was the birth of a powerful modern theater state that sustains North Korean leaders’ sovereignty now to a third generation. In defiance of the instability to which so many revolutionary states eventually succumb, the durability of charismatic politics in North Korea defines its exceptional place in modern history. Kwon and Chung make an innovative contribution to comparative socialism and postsocialism as well as to the anthropology of the state. Their pioneering work is essential for all readers interested in understanding North Korea’s past and future, the destiny of charismatic power in modern politics, the role of art in enabling this power.

Now We Can Speak

Download Now We Can Speak PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : neodig
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Now We Can Speak by : North Korean Writers in Exile PEN Center

Download or read book Now We Can Speak written by North Korean Writers in Exile PEN Center and published by neodig. This book was released on 2017-06-20 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fact that freedom is not allowed is evidence that a terrible dictatorship controls everything. Dictatorship doesn’t just fail to recognize the value of the people. It rejects an individual’s wisdom and creativity, turning him or her into a merely utilizable slave. That is the present tyranny of the North Korean regime. This collection focuses on the suppression of freedom, which is only one part of the many ways in which the North Korean regime ruthlessly represses and legislates to control the North Korean people. The stories selected for inclusion in this book are factual. North Korea is a human rights wasteland in which a single word not in accordance with regime maintenance can have you violently dragged in and, quite possibly, executed. That it is an inhumane hostile power which must be overthrown as quickly as possible it demonstrates all by itself. There is no other country in the world today that uses innocent humans as disposable byproducts in the maintenance of their regime as does the North Korean dictatorship. Sixteen members of the North Korean Writers in Exile Center of PEN International together with other defector North Korean writers have compiled the pieces found in this book to send a message to the people of South Korea and the world’s conscience that there should no longer be silence on the North Korean human rights situation. Please read this collection closely, and without anger. Publisher, Lee Ji-myung Chairman of the North Korean Writers in Exile PEN Center