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Systematic Studies On The Thermodynamic Properties Of Gas Hydrates And Their Formation Dissociation Transformation Behaviors
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Book Synopsis Systematic Studies on the Thermodynamic Properties of Gas Hydrates and Their Formation/dissociation/transformation Behaviors by : Mengdi Pan
Download or read book Systematic Studies on the Thermodynamic Properties of Gas Hydrates and Their Formation/dissociation/transformation Behaviors written by Mengdi Pan and published by . This book was released on 2022* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas hydrates are ice-like crystalline compounds made of water cavities that retain various types of guest molecules. Natural gas hydrates are CH4-rich but also contain higher hydrocarbons as well as CO2, H2S, etc. They are highly dependent of local pressure and temperature conditions. Considering the high energy content, natural gas hydrates are artificially dissociated for the production of methane gas. Besides, they may also dissociate in response to global warming. It is therefore crucial to investigate the hydrate nucleation and growth process at a molecular level. The understanding of how guest molecules in the hydrate cavities respond to warming climate or gas injection is also of great importance. This thesis is concerned with a systematic investigation of simple and mixed gas hydrates at conditions relevant to the natural hydrate reservoir in Qilian Mountain permafrost, China. A high-pressure cell that integrated into the confocal Raman spectroscopy ensured a precise and continuous characterization of the hydrate phase during ...
Book Synopsis Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases by : E. Dendy Sloan Jr.
Download or read book Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases written by E. Dendy Sloan Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-09-07 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrate research has expanded substantially over the past decade, resulting in more than 4,000 hydrate-related publications. Collating this vast amount of information into one source, Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases, Third Edition presents a thoroughly updated, authoritative, and comprehensive description of all major aspects of natural gas cla
Book Synopsis Improved Thermodynamic Modeling of Gas Hydrate Systems by : Xin Chen
Download or read book Improved Thermodynamic Modeling of Gas Hydrate Systems written by Xin Chen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural gas hydrates are solid crystalline mixtures of water and small gas molecules that typically form at relatively low temperatures and moderate pressures. As a promising energy resource, the natural gas hydrates are discovered in many offshore and permafrost geological formations. Besides, the natural gas hydrates are also found to form in the pipelines located in cold areas and in the wellbores used in offshore petroleum industry, causing the flow assurance problems. The decomposition of in-situ hydrates during the exploitation process and the formation of hydrates in pipelines or wellbores will lead to a series of changes on the number of equilibrium phases and the phase compositions. How to accurately describe the phase behavior of natural gas hydrates plays a fundamentally important role in the accurate modeling of multiphase flow involving gas hydrates in both reservoirs and wellbores/pipelines. This study will start from developing improved thermodynamic frameworks that can improve the accuracy in modeling the phase behavior of reservoir fluids and gas hydrates. Then based on the improved thermodynamic models, we provide a reliable multiphase equilibrium calculation algorithm for gas hydrate systems. As an efficient and reliable thermodynamic tool for modeling the multiphase behavior of reservoir fluids, cubic equation of state (CEOS) has been widely adopted in industrial simulators. However, most of the CEOS models cannot provide an accurate density prediction for the liquid phase. Although the temperature-volume-dependent volume translation (VT) is deemed as the most accurate method to correct the liquid density yielded by CEOS, the available VT-models do not fully exploit the potential of distance function and there is still a room for improving the prediction accuracy of saturated and single-phase liquid densities for water and hydrocarbons by VT-CEOS. Hence, this study proposes a series of improved VT-models to achieve more accurate volumetric calculations for water, hydrocarbons and their mixtures. The absolute percentage deviations of the liquid molar volumes yielded by the newly-proposed VT-CEOSs for different compounds are usually lower than 1%. In academia and industry, the van der Waals-Platteeuw (vdW-P) hydrate model is one of the most popular and classical hydrate-equilibrium calculation methods. Nevertheless, the hydrate equilibria of gas-mixture systems predicted by the vdW-P model are not as accurate as those predicted for pure-gas systems. In contrast to the previous studies that focused on the modifications of functional forms, the current study aims to provide new pragmatic strategies for tuning the gas-dependent parameters in the vdW-P hydrate model. A new procedure is developed for fitting the Kihara potential parameters in the vdW-P hydrate model using the experimental hydrate equilibrium data for both pure gases and binary-gas mixtures, considering the differences between hydrate structures I and II. As a result, the vdW-P model coupled with the newly fitted Kihara potential parameters performs well in gas hydrate equilibrium calculations and also properly detects the hydrate structure transition and cage occupancy behaviors. Lastly, on the basis of the improved thermodynamic models, we develop an algorithm for multiphase equilibrium calculations in the presence of gas hydrates. The number of equilibrium phases that can be detected by this algorithm is up to four phases, i.e., a vapor phase, a hydrocarbon-rich liquid phase, an aqueous phase, and a gas hydrate phase. In this algorithm, a new criterion for determining the onset of hydrate dissociation is proposed based on van der Waals-Platteeuw model. To calculate the phase fractions and phase compositions, this new algorithm provides a series of material-balance equations involving hydrates. Example calculations demonstrate that this algorithm is capable of robustly conducting hydrate-inclusive multiphase equilibrium calculations for a given fluid at specified temperature and pressure.
Download or read book Gas Hydrates 1 written by Daniel Broseta and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas hydrates, or clathrate hydrates, are crystalline solids resembling ice, in which small (guest) molecules, typically gases, are trapped inside cavities formed by hydrogen-bonded water (host) molecules. They form and remain stable under low temperatures – often well below ambient conditions – and high pressures ranging from a few bar to hundreds of bar, depending on the guest molecule. Their presence is ubiquitous on Earth, in deep-marine sediments and in permafrost regions, as well as in outer space, on planets or comets. In addition to water, they can be synthesized with organic species as host molecules, resulting in milder stability conditions: these are referred to as semi-clathrate hydrates. Clathrate and semi-clathrate hydrates are being considered for applications as diverse as gas storage and separation, cold storage and transport and water treatment. This book is the first of two edited volumes, with chapters on the experimental and modeling tools used for characterizing and predicting the unique molecular, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of gas hydrates (Volume 1) and on gas hydrates in their natural environment and for potential industrial applications (Volume 2).
Book Synopsis Thermal Dissociation Behavior and Dissociation Enthalpies of Methane-carbon Dioxide Mixed Hydrates by :
Download or read book Thermal Dissociation Behavior and Dissociation Enthalpies of Methane-carbon Dioxide Mixed Hydrates written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Replacement of methane with carbon dioxide in hydrate has been proposed as a strategy for geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or production of methane (CH4) from natural hydrate deposits. This replacement strategy requires a better understanding of the thermodynamic characteristics of binary mixtures of CH4 and CO2 hydrate (CH4-CO2 mixed hydrates), as well as thermophysical property changes during gas exchange. This study explores the thermal dissociation behavior and dissociation enthalpies of CH4-CO2 mixed hydrates. We prepared CH4-CO2 mixed hydrate samples from two different, well-defined gas mixtures. During thermal dissociation of a CH4-CO2 mixed hydrate sample, gas samples from the head space were periodically collected and analyzed using gas chromatography. The changes in CH4-CO2 compositions in both the vapor phase and hydrate phase during dissociation were estimated based on the gas chromatography measurements. It was found that the CO2 concentration in the vapor phase became richer during dissociation because the initial hydrate composition contained relatively more CO2 than the vapor phase. The composition change in the vapor phase during hydrate dissociation affected the dissociation pressure and temperature; the richer CO2 in the vapor phase led to a lower dissociation pressure. Furthermore, the increase in CO2 concentration in the vapor phase enriched the hydrate in CO2. The dissociation enthalpy of the CH4-CO2 mixed hydrate was computed by fitting the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to the pressure-temperature (PT) trace of a dissociation test. It was observed that the dissociation enthalpy of the CH4-CO2 mixed hydrate lays between the limiting values of pure CH4 hydrate and CO2 hydrate, increasing with the CO2 fraction in the hydrate phase.
Book Synopsis Tables of Properties of Gases by : Ernest Westell Geyer
Download or read book Tables of Properties of Gases written by Ernest Westell Geyer and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gas Hydrates 2 written by Livio Ruffine and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-16 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas hydrates in their natural environment and for potential industrial applications (Volume 2).
Book Synopsis Atomistic Characterization of Structure-H (sH) Gas Hydrate's Mechanical and Vibrational Properties by : Shaden Daghash
Download or read book Atomistic Characterization of Structure-H (sH) Gas Hydrate's Mechanical and Vibrational Properties written by Shaden Daghash and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The development of novel materials has always been of growing interest for scientists and engineers. With the rising demand for energy, the search for alternative energy sources that can be efficiently recovered and utilized continues. Gas hydrates are structures of hydrogen-bonded networks of water molecules that encapsulate a variety of guests. The discovery of naturally existing gas hydrates is an emergence of a promising methane-rich energy source. However, thorough scientific investigation is vital for feasible recovery of natural gas hydrates and for potential deployment of those structures in gas storage and other applications. In addition to the environmental impacts associated with gas hydrate dissociation, gas hydrates have consequential economic and hazard impacts on the gas and petroleum industry due to their formation inside gas pipelines. Over several decades, literature has become rich with studies on gas hydrates characterization. Nevertheless, a comprehensive description of gas hydrates' critical physical properties is yet to emerge. Structure-H (sH) is one of the main types of gas hydrates that are found in nature. Being a binary hydrate structure with hexagonal crystal symmetry contributes to the complexity in evaluating this hydrate's key features. Materials modeling and computational materials engineering provide access to a variety of gas hydrates' properties using simulation techniques of high computational accuracy and low cost. This thesis presents comprehensive research findings on sH gas hydrate's mechanical, vibrational, and anisotropic characteristics using first-principles computations. Structure-H gas hydrate of 2,2-dimethylbutane was explored for its main physical properties using density functional theory (DFT). The impacts of small guest chemistry and guest-host interactions on the properties of this hydrate were evaluated and discussed using results of empty and filled sH gas hydrates. The hydrate's behavior and properties under applied pressure and impact of guest chemistry, and the role of hydrogen bonds in defining sH gas hydrates' moduli were examined. Key similarities and differences between sH gas hydrate and other hydrates' structures and ice were underlined. The vibrational features of sH gas hydrate reveal information about its guest composition and pressure conditions and reflect its hydrogen bonds' strength which impacts the hydrate's moduli of elasticity. The anisotropy and directional dependency of sH gas hydrate are controlled by guest chemistry and pressure conditions. The outcomes presented in this thesis contribute to the knowledge of science with valuable insights on some of the crucial physical properties of sH gas hydrate and factors dominating its characteristics. Such knowledge is vital for the feasible management of this hydrate in its naturally existing form and for its development and deployment in several potential technologies. This research findings were thoroughly validated with experimental and other theoretical results from literature and high fidelity was generally achieved. The contributions from this computational platform close important gaps in the literature of crucial properties not possible by experimental means"--
Book Synopsis Natural Gas Hydrates by : Yuguang Ye
Download or read book Natural Gas Hydrates written by Yuguang Ye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-11 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Natural Gas Hydrates: Experimental Techniques and Their Applications” attempts to broadly integrate the most recent knowledge in the fields of hydrate experimental techniques in the laboratory. The book examines various experimental techniques in order to provide useful parameters for gas hydrate exploration and exploitation. It provides experimental techniques for gas hydrates, including the detection techniques, the thermo-physical properties, permeability and mechanical properties, geochemical abnormalities, stability and dissociation kinetics, exploitation conditions, as well as modern measurement technologies etc. This book will be of interest to experimental scientists who engage in gas hydrate experiments in the laboratory, and is also intended as a reference work for students concerned with gas hydrate research. Yuguang Ye is a distinguished professor of Experimental Geology at Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, China. Professor Changling Liu works at the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, China.
Book Synopsis Chemical Thermodynamics of Zirconium by :
Download or read book Chemical Thermodynamics of Zirconium written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-06 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is part of the series on "Chemical Thermodynamics", published under the aegis of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. It contains a critical review of the literature on thermodynamic data for inorganic compounds of zirconium. A review team, composed of five internationally recognized experts, has critically reviewed all the scientific literature containing chemical thermodynamic information for the above mentioned systems. The results of this critical review carried out following the Guidelines of the OECD NEA Thermochemical Database Project have been documented in the present volume, which contains tables of selected values for formation and reaction thermodynamical properties and an extensive bibliography.* Critical review of all literature on chemical thermodynamics for compounds and complexes of Zr.* Tables of recommended Selected Values for thermochemical properties* Documented review procedure* Exhaustive bibliography* Intended to meet requirements of radioactive waste management community* Valuable reference source for the physical, analytical and environmental chemist.
Author :Orlando B. Andersland Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :1475722907 Total Pages :363 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (757 download)
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Frozen Ground Engineering by : Orlando B. Andersland
Download or read book An Introduction to Frozen Ground Engineering written by Orlando B. Andersland and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frozen Ground Engineering first introduces the reader to the frozen environment and the behavior of frozen soil as an engineering material. In subsequent chapters this information is used in the analysis and design of ground support systems, foundations, and embankments. These and other topics make this book suitable for use by civil engineering students in a one-semester course on frozen ground engineering at the senior or first-year-graduate level. Students are assumed to have a working knowledge of undergraduate mechanics (statics and mechanics of materials) and geotechnical engineering (usual two-course sequence). A knowledge of basic geology would be helpful but is not essential. This book will also be useful to advanced students in other disciplines and to engineers who desire an introduction to frozen ground engineering or references to selected technical publications in the field. BACKGROUND Frozen ground engineering has developed rapidly in the past several decades under the pressure of necessity. As practical problems involving frozen soils broadened in scope, the inadequacy of earlier methods for coping became increasingly apparent. The application of ground freezing to geotechnical projects throughout the world continues to grow as significant advances have been made in ground freezing technology. Freezing is a useful and versatile technique for temporary earth support, groundwater control in difficult soil or rock strata, and the formation of subsurface containment barriers suitable for use in groundwater remediation projects.
Book Synopsis Chemical Additives for Gas Hydrates by : Bhajan Lal
Download or read book Chemical Additives for Gas Hydrates written by Bhajan Lal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a straightforward, informative guide to the chemicals used for gas hydrate formation and inhibition, providing the reader with the latest information on the definition, structure, formation conditions, problems, and applications of gas hydrates. The authors review not only the inhibitors used to prevent or mitigate hydrate formation, but also the conditions under which it is necessary to form hydrates quickly, which require the use of promoters. Various promoters are discussed, including their specifications, functions, advantages and disadvantages. The possibility of using natural reservoirs of gas hydrate as an energy source is also considered. Lastly, due to the difficulty of conducting experiments that reflect all conditions and concentrations, the book presents a number of models that can predict the basic parameters in the presence of the chemicals. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to professionals working in this field in an industrial context, as well as to researchers, undergraduate and graduate students of chemical engineering.
Book Synopsis Chemical Thermodynamics of Nickel by :
Download or read book Chemical Thermodynamics of Nickel written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-04-08 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to quantitatively predict the chemical reactions that hazardous materials may undergo in the environment, it is necessary to know the relative stabilities of the compounds and complexes that may be found under certain conditions. This type of calculations may be done using consistent chemical thermodynamic data, such as those contained in this book for inorganic compounds and complexes of nickel.* Fully detailed authoritative critical review of literature.* Integrated into a comprehensive and consistent database for waste management applications.* CD ROM version.
Download or read book Gas Hydrates 2 written by Livio Ruffine and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-16 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas hydrates in their natural environment and for potential industrial applications (Volume 2).
Book Synopsis Handbook of Aqueous Electrolyte Thermodynamics by : Joseph F. Zemaitis, Jr.
Download or read book Handbook of Aqueous Electrolyte Thermodynamics written by Joseph F. Zemaitis, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-09-16 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expertise in electrolyte systems has become increasingly important in traditional CPI operations, as well as in oil/gas exploration and production. This book is the source for predicting electrolyte systems behavior, an indispensable "do-it-yourself" guide, with a blueprint for formulating predictive mathematical electrolyte models, recommended tabular values to use in these models, and annotated bibliographies. The final chapter is a general recipe for formulating complete predictive models for electrolytes, along with a series of worked illustrative examples. It can serve as a useful research and application tool for the practicing process engineer, and as a textbook for the chemical engineering student.
Book Synopsis Advanced Computer Simulation Approaches for Soft Matter Sciences III by : Christian Holm
Download or read book Advanced Computer Simulation Approaches for Soft Matter Sciences III written by Christian Holm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-12 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Soft matter” is nowadays used to describe an increasingly important class of - terials that encompasses polymers, liquid crystals, molecular assemblies building hierarchical structures, organic-inorganic hybrids, and the whole area of colloidal science. Common to all is that ?uctuations, and thus the thermal energy k T and B entropy, play an important role. “Soft” then means that these materials are in a state of matter that is neither a simple liquid nor a hard solid of the type studied in hard condensed matter, hence sometimes many types of soft matter are also named “c- plex ?uids. ” Soft matter, either of synthetic or biological origin, has been a subject of physical and chemical research since the early ?nding of Staudinger that long chain mo- cules exist. From then on, synthetic chemistry as well as physical characterization underwent an enormous development. One of the outcomes is the abundant pr- ence of polymeric materials in our everyday life. Nowadays, methods developed for synthetic polymers are being more and more applied to biological soft matter. The link between modern biophysics and soft matter physics is quite close in many respects. This also means that the focus of research has moved from simple - mopolymers to more complex structures, such as branched objects, heteropolymers (random copolymers, proteins), polyelectrolytes, amphiphiles and so on.
Book Synopsis Hydrates of Natural Gas by : I︠U︡riĭ Fedorovich Makogon
Download or read book Hydrates of Natural Gas written by I︠U︡riĭ Fedorovich Makogon and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
