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Synthesis And Characterization Of Polymers And Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Ipns With Nonlinear Optical Nlo Properties And Related Numerical Studies
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Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers and Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) with Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Properties and Related Numerical Studies by : P. R. Srikanth Sharma
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers and Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) with Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Properties and Related Numerical Studies written by P. R. Srikanth Sharma and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Micro- and Nano-Structured Interpenetrating Polymer Networks by : Sabu Thomas
Download or read book Micro- and Nano-Structured Interpenetrating Polymer Networks written by Sabu Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the current state of the art, new challenges, opportunities, and applications of IPNs. With contributions from experts across the globe, this survey is an outstanding resource reference for anyone involved in the field of polymer materials design for advanced technologies. • Comprehensively summarizes many of the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of micro and nanostructured Interpenetrating Polymer Networks • Discusses various aspects of synthesis, characterization, structure, morphology, modelling, properties, and applications of IPNs • Describes how nano-structured IPNs correlate their multiscale structure to their properties and morphologies • Serves as a one-stop reference resource for important research accomplishments in the area of IPNs and nano-structured polymer systems • Includes chapters from leading researchers in the IPN field from industry, academy, government and private research institutions
Book Synopsis Design and Synthesis of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics by :
Download or read book Design and Synthesis of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a tremendous recent interest in the development of second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) polymeric materials for photonic applications. However, a major drawback of second-order NLO polymers that prevents them from being used in device applications is the instability of their electric field induced dipolar alignment. The randomization of the dipole orientation leads to the decay of second-order optical nonlinearities. Numerous efforts have been made to increase the stability of the second-order NLO properties of polymers. The search for new approaches to develop NLO polymers with optimal properties has been an active research area since the past decade. A novel approach, combining the hybrid properties of high glass transition temperatures, extensively crosslinked networks, and permanent entanglements, based on interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) is introduced to develop stable second-order NLO materials. Two types of IPN systems are prepared and their properties are investigated. The designing criteria and the rationale for the selection of polymers are discussed. The IPN samples show excellent temporal stability at elevated temperatures. Long term stability of the optical nonlinearity at 100 C has been observed in these materials. Temporal stability of the NLO properties of these IPNs is synergistically enhanced. Relaxation behavior of the optical nonlinearity of an IPN system has been studied and compared with that of a typical guest/host system. The improved temporal stability of the second-order NLO properties of this IPN system is a result of the combination of the high rigidity of the polymer backbones, crosslinked matrices, and permanent entanglements of the polymer networks. A slight modification of the chemical structure resulted in an improvement of the optical quality of the sample.
Book Synopsis An Interpenetrating Polymer Network as a Stable Second Order Nonlinear Optical Material: Comparison with the Guest/Host Systems by : S. Marturunkakul
Download or read book An Interpenetrating Polymer Network as a Stable Second Order Nonlinear Optical Material: Comparison with the Guest/Host Systems written by S. Marturunkakul and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymeric materials with second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties are of much interest for applications such as waveguide electrooptic modulation and frequency doubling devices. These NLO properties are presented when the chromophores are aligned in a noncentrosymmetric manner. The alignment of NLO chromophores in the poled polymers must be sufficiently stable at temperatures above 100 deg C in order to use them in practical devices. Several approaches have been adopted to enhance the temporal stability of the poled polymers. Enhanced temporal stability of second order NLO properties in several poled polymer systems has been achieved by crosslinking reactions. The resulting crosslinked network has a higher glass transition temperature and a denser matrix which prevent the aligned NLO chromophores from relaxing to a random orientation. However, slow decay of second order NLO properties at elevated temperatures was still observed in the polymers. Furthermore, the general form of the relaxation curves for the crosslinking polymers do not appear to be distinctly different from those for the guest/host systems. We have selected an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) containing aligned NLO chromophores to test these issues. An IPN is a structure in which two or more networks are physically combined. The IPN is known to be able to remarkably suppress the creep and flow phenomena in polymers. Permanent entanglement of the two polymer chains restrict their mobility which leads to a significantly more stable NLO material. In this paper, we report on the design, synthesis and characterization of an NLO active IPN ... Interpenetrating polymer network, Nonlinear optical polymer.
Book Synopsis Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Related Materials by : L.H. Sperling
Download or read book Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Related Materials written by L.H. Sperling and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To the surprise of practically no one, research and engineering on multi polymer materials has steadily increased through the 1960s and 1970s. More and more people are remarking that we are running out of new monomers to polymerize, and that the improved polymers of the future will depend heavily on synergistic combinations of existing materials. In the era of the mid-1960s, three distinct multipolymer combinations were recognized: polymer blends, grafts, and blocks. Although inter penetrating polymer networks, lPNs, were prepared very early in polymer history, and already named by Millar in 1960, they played a relatively low-key role in polymer research developments until the late 1960s and 1970s. I would prefer to consider the IPNs as a subdivision of the graft copolymers. Yet the unique topology of the IPNs imparts properties not easily obtainable without the presence of crosslinking. One of the objectives of this book is to point out the wealth of work done on IPNs or closely related materials. Since many papers and patents actually concerned with IPNs are not so designated, this literature is significantly larger than first imagined. It may also be that many authors will meet each other for the first time on these pages and realize that they are working on a common topology. The number of applications suggested in the patent literature is large and growing. Included are impact-resistant plastics, ion exchange resins, noise-damping materials, a type of thermoplastic elastomer, and many more.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPN's) of Poly (2, 6-dimethyl 2, 4-phenylene Oxide) and Polydimethylsiloxane by : Kassu Gebreyes
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPN's) of Poly (2, 6-dimethyl 2, 4-phenylene Oxide) and Polydimethylsiloxane written by Kassu Gebreyes and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Interpenetrating Polymer Networks by : Kurt C. Frisch
Download or read book Advances in Interpenetrating Polymer Networks written by Kurt C. Frisch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-06-21 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the third volume of Advances in IPNs. Research and development on interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) continues to increase at an accelerated pace. the number of publications, patents and symposia worldwide testify to this growth of this important field of polymers. Including a collection of industrial applications of IONs, ranging from new types of adhesives, coatings, elastomers and plastics to composites, RIM and medical applications.
Book Synopsis Advances in Interpenetrating Polymer Networks by : Kurt C. Frisch
Download or read book Advances in Interpenetrating Polymer Networks written by Kurt C. Frisch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-07-10 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stable Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials Based on Interpenetrating Polymer Networks by :
Download or read book Stable Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials Based on Interpenetrating Polymer Networks written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers have shown increased potential in practical applications, such as frequency doubling and electro-optic modulation, due to their large nonlinearity and ease of processing. A practical NLO polymer will need to possess large second-order nonlinearity, excellent temporal stability at elevated temperatures, and low optical loss. 1 A number of NLO polymers have been developed to exhibit large second-order NLO coefficients comparable to those of the inorganic NLO materials which are currently in use in devices. 2,3 However, the major drawback of NLO polymers is the decay of their electric field induced second-order optical nonlinearities. This decay is a result of the relaxation of the NLO chromophores from the induced noncentrosymmetric alignment to a random configuration. Numerous efforts have been made to minimize this decay through different approaches. 4 Recently, we have reported on an approach to stable second-order NLO polymers using an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure. 5,6 This IPN system, with the hybrid properties of a high glass transition temperature (Tg), an extensively crosslinked network, and permanent entanglements, exhibited excellent temporal stability at elevated temperatures. 6 In this report, a new IPN system, modified from the one reported earlier,5 with higher degree of crosslinking density and larger NLO chromophore density is investigated. Electro-optic modulation, Interpenetrating polymer network, Second-order nonlinearity, Optical loss.
Book Synopsis Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications by : Kash L. Mittal
Download or read book Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications written by Kash L. Mittal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-04-18 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume chronicles the proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications, held in Orlando, December 17-19, 2003. This volume is divided into three parts. Part 1. “Synthesis, Properties and Bulk Characterization”; Part 2 “Hybrids and Composites” and Part 3 “Applications and General Papers”. The topics covered include: Synthesis, characterization and processing (including some novel approaches) of a variety of polyimides and other high temperature polymers; structure-property relationships; hybrids and nanocomposites using these materials and their characterization, properties and applications; segmental dynamics in polyimide materials; photoalignable polyimides; photoconductivity and photosensitivity of polyimides; ultrafiltration membranes from polyetherimide; polyimide as a tunneling barrier; polymer materials for nonlinear optical applications; alignment of SWNTs in rigid-rod polymer compositions; surface modification of polyimide; adhesion of Cu to polyimide surfaces; and polyimide erosion in a low Earth orbit space environment.
Book Synopsis Interpenetrating Polymer Networks by : Daniel Klempner
Download or read book Interpenetrating Polymer Networks written by Daniel Klempner and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive review of interpenetrating polymer networks. Opens with four review chapters by important workers in the field--Sperling, Klempner, Utracki, and Lipatov- and continues with an international penetration of current research. Covers synthesis and structure, miscibility and morphology, structure-property relationships, transport and permeability, and functionalized triglyceride oils.
Book Synopsis Synthesis, Characterization, and Theory of Polymeric Networks and Gels by : Shaul M. Aharoni
Download or read book Synthesis, Characterization, and Theory of Polymeric Networks and Gels written by Shaul M. Aharoni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer science is a technology-driven science. More often than not, technological breakthroughs opened the gates to rapid fundamental and theoretical advances, dramatically broadening the understanding of experimental observations, and expanding the science itself. Some of the breakthroughs involved the creation of new materials. Among these one may enumerate the vulcanization of natural rubber, the derivatization of cellulose, the giant advances right before and during World War II in the preparation and characterization of synthetic elastomers and semi crystalline polymers such as polyesters and polyamides, the subsequent creation of aromatic high-temperature resistant amorphous and semi-crystal line polymers, and the more recent development of liquid-crystalline polymers mostly with n~in-chain mesogenicity. other breakthroughs involve the development of powerful characterization techniques. Among the recent ones, the photon correlation spectroscopy owes its success to the advent of laser technology, small angle neutron scattering evolved from n~clear reactors technology, and modern solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy exists because of advances in superconductivity. The growing need for high modulus, high-temperature resistant polymers is opening at present a new technology, that of more or less rigid networks. The use of such networks is rapidly growing in applications where they are used as such or where they serve as matrices for fibers or other load bearing elements. The rigid networks are largely aromatic. Many of them are prepared from multifunctional wholly or almost-wholly aromatic kernels, while others contain large amount of stiff difunctional residus leading to the presence of many main-chain "liquid-crystalline" segments in the "infinite" network.
Book Synopsis An Interpenetrating Polymer Network for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics by :
Download or read book An Interpenetrating Polymer Network for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The linear optical and second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) have been investigated. For the poled and cured IPN samples, large second order NLO coefficients, d33, were measured at 1.064 um and 1.542 um. The linear electrooptic coefficients, r33, were determined at various wavelengths. The poled and cured IPN samples showed no measurable decay of the second-order optical nonlinearity after being treated at 110 deg C for more than 1000 hours. This excellent long-term stability of the NLO property is ascribed to the novel interpenetrating crosslinked molecular structure of the IPN system.
Book Synopsis IPNs Around the World Science and Engineering by : S. C. Kim
Download or read book IPNs Around the World Science and Engineering written by S. C. Kim and published by . This book was released on 1997-03-27 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interpenetrating polymer networks, IPNs, are combinations of two polymers in network form, synthesized and/or crosslinked in the immediate presence of each other. Different kinds of IPNs include the sequential, simultaneous, latex, thermoplastic and gradient types, each with a specific mode. IPNs have been in use since 1914 but have only been researched as a well-defined subject area since the early 1970's. Today, they are researched and used worldwide. This book is a collection of papers from around the world covering the broad areas of basic and applied research on IPNs with several mentions of applications.
Book Synopsis Heterophase Network Polymers by : Boris A Rozenberg
Download or read book Heterophase Network Polymers written by Boris A Rozenberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-17 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explains the theory and experimental investigations in the preparation of heterophase polymer network materials through cure reaction-induced microphase separation (CRIMPS). It describes the synthesis of a new family of block- and graft-copolymers with controlled solubility in epoxies and characterizes CRIMPS processes using novel applications of known methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance and photochemistry. The text develops a new method for characterizing the molecular mass distribution (MMD) of linear and network polymers using thermomechanical analysis data, as well as new methods for determining internal stresses and flaw formation during thermoset curing. The CRIMPS theory will be helpful for researchers and engineers designing and improving toughened plastics and other smart heterophase network materials for different applications. The new method for MMD characterization of polymers in bulk will be very useful to quickly analyze a polymer's MMD and to design new polymers. This book will provide a useful reference for graduates, researchers and working professionals in polymer chemistry and physics and materials science.
Book Synopsis Heterophase Network Polymers by : Boris A Rozenberg
Download or read book Heterophase Network Polymers written by Boris A Rozenberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-03 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explains the theory and experimental investigations in the preparation of heterophase polymer network materials through cure reaction-induced microphase separation (CRIMPS). It describes the synthesis of a new family of block- and graft-copolymers with controlled solubility in epoxies and characterizes CRIMPS processes using novel applications of known methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance and photochemistry. The text develops a new method for characterizing the molecular mass distribution (MMD) of linear and network polymers using thermomechanical analysis data, as well as new methods for determining internal stresses and flaw formation during thermoset curing. The CRIMPS theory will be helpful for researchers and engineers designing and improving toughened plastics and other smart heterophase network materials for different applications. The new method for MMD characterization of polymers in bulk will be very useful to quickly analyze a polymer's MMD and to design new polymers. This book will provide a useful reference for graduates, researchers and working professionals in polymer chemistry and physics and materials science.
