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Synthesis And Characterization Of Conducting Copolymers Of Thiophene Functionalized Monomers And Polymers
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Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Conducting Copolymers of Thiophene Functionalized Monomers and Polymers by : Özge Papila
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Conducting Copolymers of Thiophene Functionalized Monomers and Polymers written by Özge Papila and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Conducting Copolymers of Carboxylic Acid Multithiophene Functionalized Monomers by : Umut Bulut
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Conducting Copolymers of Carboxylic Acid Multithiophene Functionalized Monomers written by Umut Bulut and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Norbornene Monomers and Their Resulting Ring-opening Metathesis Polymers and Copolymers by : Joshua David Biberdorf
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Norbornene Monomers and Their Resulting Ring-opening Metathesis Polymers and Copolymers written by Joshua David Biberdorf and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work reported herein describes efforts to create ring-opening metathesis block copolymers and homopolymers. The block copolymers were studied to gain insight into the local nanoscale environment of a block copolymer thin film. Additionally, perylene containing homopolymers were characterized in light of their possible use as an n-type material. In the first section of the thesis, the synthesis of diblock copolymers consisting of two blocks with very different dynamics is described. The covalent attachment of a molecular rotor which is sensitive to its local environment allowed the study of the dynamics of the polymers in thin films. The emissive intensity as a function of temperature allowed us to see discontinuity in the rates of change, indicating a change in the local environment corresponding to the transition of the polymer from a glassy to rubbery state. The corresponding temperature, to this event, is known as the glass transition temperature, Tg. Additionally, a polymer featuring a covalently bound n-type molecule, perylene diimide, was synthesized. The photophysical properties, including aggregation in dilute solution, are described. The material is expected to demonstrate the ability to efficiently transport negative charge, acting as n-type material in organic electronics.
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Conjugated Polymers Based on Thiophene Building Blocks by : Chenggang Wang
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Conjugated Polymers Based on Thiophene Building Blocks written by Chenggang Wang and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sulfur-Containing Polymers by : Xing-Hong Zhang
Download or read book Sulfur-Containing Polymers written by Xing-Hong Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A must-have resource to the booming field of sulfur-containing polymers Sulfur-Containing Polymers is a state-of-the-art text that offers a synthesis of the various sulfur-containing polymers from low-cost sulfur resources such as elemental sulfur, carbon disulfide (CS2), carbonyl sulfide (COS) and mercaptan. With contributions from noted experts on the topic, the book presents an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms related to the synthesis of sulfur-containing polymers. The book also includes a review of the various types of sulfur-containing polymers, such as: poly(thioester)s, poly(thioether)s and poly(thiocarbonate)s and poly(thiourethane)s with linear or hyperbranched (dendrimer) architectures. The expert authors provide the fundamentals on the structure-property relationship and applications of sulfur-containing polymers. Designed to be beneficial for both research and application-oriented chemists and engineers, the book contains the most recent research and developments of sulfur-containing polymers. This important book: Offers the first comprehensive handbook on the topic Contains state-of-the-art research on synthesis of sulfur containing polymers from low-cost sulfur-containing compounds Examines the synthesis, mechanism, structure properties, and applications of various types of sulful-containing polymers Includes contributions from well-known experts Written for polymer chemists, materials scientists, chemists in industry, biochemists, and chemical engineers, Sulfur-Containing Polymers offers a groundbreaking text to the field with inforamtion on the most recent research.
Book Synopsis Electrosynthesis and Characterization of Thin Copolymer Films Based on Pyrrole and Thiophene Derivatives by :
Download or read book Electrosynthesis and Characterization of Thin Copolymer Films Based on Pyrrole and Thiophene Derivatives written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The copolymerization has been studied as a new strategy to synthesize polymer materials by combining interesting properties of the respective homopolymers. In this dissertation, the work focused on the electrosynthesis and characterization of conducting copolymer films based on pyrrole and thiophene derivatives. A variety of electrochemical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance and photoelectrochemical spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, solid state NMR and Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy supported the formation of true copolymers of pyrrole with bithiophene and 3-methylthiophene with ethyl-3-thiophene acetate. The analytical results exhibited that random copolymers were produced rather than block copolymers. The electronic and structural characteristics of the copolymer films were intermediate between those of the respective homopolymers and they were dependent on the copolymer composition. In particular, the semiconducting parameters of the copolymer films of pyrrole and bithiophene such as flat band potential, band gap energy and charge carrier density shifted from those of polypyrrole to polybithiophene with increasing bithiophene content of the copolymer films. Such parameters were controlled precisely by alternating either the monomer ratio or the polymerization potential. In addition, the morphological and electronic properties of the functionalized polymers of ethyl-3-thiophene acetate were increased significantly by copolymerization with 3-methylthiophene. The obtained conducting copolymer films were able to be applied in the field of sensoric.
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Polythiophene Derivatives by : Xin Chen
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Polythiophene Derivatives written by Xin Chen and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Chapter 1, the history of conducting polymers, especially polythiophene and its derivatives, was briefly reviewed. Different approaches of structural modifications to afford small bandgap polythiophene derivatives were discussed. The emergence of metal-containing polymers (metallopolymers) as functional materials has attracted tremendous attention around the world. Introduction of metals into thiophene-based oligomers and polymers, whether the backbone or the side chain of the pi-conjugated framework, the electronic, optical, or magnetic properties of the material are expected to be significantly affected by metals through various mechanisms. Synthesis methods to prepare poly(thienylene vinylene) were also briefly reviewed in this chapter. In Chapter 2, the motivations and objectives were briefly discussed. Two structurally similar compounds, thieno[3,4-d]-1,3-dithiole-2-thione and thieno[3,4-d]-1,3-dithiol-2-one are the starting point of this project due to their unique carbondithiolate structures, which may lead to metal-dithiolate coordinated oligomers or/and polymers, or polymers crosslinked by DTTTF units. For the preparation of monomers, six types of reactions were systematically studied with focus on thieno[3,4-d]-1,3-dithiol-2-one to prepare different direvatives. Different halogenated compounds, Mannich bases, chloromethylated compounds, a number of nucleophilic substituted derivatives and a DTTTF analogue from chloromethylated compounds were successful synthesized. All products were fully characterized through 1H and 13C-NMR, FT-IR, ESI-TOF high resolution mass spectroscopy. The halogenated products were prepared through halogensuccinimides or other halogenation reagents such as Br2, I2. These halogenated compounds may be candidates to prepare homopolymer and/or copolymers bearing carbondithiolate structures by cross-coupling reactions. 4,6-Bis(chloromethyl) thieno[3,4- d]-1,3-dithiol-2-one and its nucleophilic derivatives may be good monomers for the two-step precursor polymerization to achieve fully conjugated poly(thienylene vinylene) derivatives and even metallopolymers with metal-dithiolate coordinations. Attempted polymerization reactions to homopolymers and copolymers through directly C-C coupling, such as transitional metal catalyzed cross-coupling, Stille reaction, and Ullman reaction, et al. were discussed in the beginning of Chapter 3. Base-promoted and acid-promoted polymerizations were attempted to afford soluble precursor polymers with carbondithiolate structures. However, all the symmetrical thiophene derivatives did not successfully yield processable precursor polymers; asymmetrical monomers generated some possibilities for future study. Synthesis of thiophene-based oligomers, such as dimmers (dithienyl compounds), trimers (trithienyl compounds), and heptamers were also explored in chapter 3, followed by preparation of thiophene-based copolymers through Wittig-Horner reactions. Properties of oligomers, especially trimers were well characterized by NMR, FT-IR, and ESI-TOF. Several conjugated DTTTF derivatives from trimers were prepared by the triethyl phosphite cross-coupling method. These conjugated DTTTF compounds posses some unique properties. They are stable in solid forms, but may be doped in solution forms. The copolymers were characterized by elemental analysis, and FT-IR. UV-Vis spectra of copolymers show their bandgap values are aroud 1.87eV (UV edge calculation). In the Experimental chapter, all reaction conditions of preparation of new annulated thiophene derivatives and oligomers were documented in details. Physical and spectroscopic properties of these new compounds were also presented in this chapter. Key words. polythiophene, oligomer, conjugation, synthesis, characterization, DTTTF, metallopolymer.
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Pendant-functionalized Polymers from Baylis-Hillman Adducts by : Chao Peng
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Pendant-functionalized Polymers from Baylis-Hillman Adducts written by Chao Peng and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decades, chemists have explored various approaches to prepare functionalized polymers for improved properties. The combination of organic chemistry and polymer chemistry is a promising approach to build novel polymer structures, therefore synthetic organic chemistry has been employed to design novel monomers for polymer synthesis. Our group takes advantage of the Baylis-Hillman reaction, since it is a simple and convenient method to synthesize densely functionalized molecules. This feature makes Baylis-Hillman adducts good substrates for synthesizing functionalized polymers. In this work, we synthesized two types of polymers by a bottom-up design of monomers using Baylis-Hillman (BH) reaction. We designed two types of monomers: a hydroxyl-functionalized acrylate and an unsaturated diol, which can undergo chain-growth polymerization and step-growth polymerization, respectively. Using the BH acrylate, we synthesized a hydroxyl-functionalized polyacrylate via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Using a BH diol, we were able to synthesize an unsaturated poly(ester-urethane). This unsaturated poly(ester-urethane) can undergo post-functionalization via thiol-ene click reaction. Thermal properties and potential applications of these polymers were investigated.
Book Synopsis Polyimides and other high temperature polymers by : K. L. Mittal
Download or read book Polyimides and other high temperature polymers written by K. L. Mittal and published by VSP. This book was released on 2003-03 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Containing 32 peer-reviewed papers, this volume documents the proceedings of the international symposium of the same name (held under the aegis of the Materials Science and Technology Conferences) in December of 2001. Devoted to research into high-temperature polymers, the papers are organized into sections dealing with synthesis, properties, and bulk characterization in the first half and surface modification, interfacial or adhesion aspects, and applications in the second. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Book Synopsis Conducting Polymers and Solid Polymer Electrolyte Components by : Mark A. Odian
Download or read book Conducting Polymers and Solid Polymer Electrolyte Components written by Mark A. Odian and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(3-alkylthiophene)-containing Block Copolymers by : Victor Ho
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(3-alkylthiophene)-containing Block Copolymers written by Victor Ho and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated polymers have been widely studied for their use in lightweight, flexible, and solution-processable electronic devices. However, the optimization of such polymer-based devices has been largely Edisonian in nature due to both a poor understanding of and an inability to control the complex hierarchical structure observed in semicrystalline polymers. In this thesis, we show that simple chemical modifications to commonly-studied conjugated polymers can have a large effect on the observed structure ranging from the unit cell to that on the order of device features. In particular, the self-assembly of block copolymers in which one of the components is optoelectronically-active is presented as a facile method to obtain nanostructured materials. For the work in this thesis, we will focus on poly(3-alkylthiophenes), a widely studied class of conjugated polymers due to their favorable optoelectronic properties, high solubility in organic solvents, and susceptibility to simple chemical modification. Although the synthesis of conjugated block copolymers has been presented in the past, complexities arising from crystallization of the conjugated moiety have dominated the observed solid state morphologies. Specifically, the crystallization of the semicrystalline block dictates the block copolymer microphase separation, a well-known phenomenon in the literature for non-conjugated semicrystalline block copolymers, which has resulted in solid state morphologies that do not differ significantly from that of the semiconducting homopolymer. To address this, we first show that the side chain chemistry controls the thermal transitions and optoelectronic properties in poly(3-alkylthiophenes). Such control over the crystallization kinetics provides an experimentally convenient approach to investigate the importance of the crystalline structure over a wide range of length scales on the optoelectronic properties. Furthermore, the ability to control the thermal transition temperatures can be used to directly manipulate, and thereby balance, the competition between the driving forces for crystallization and self-assembly. As evidence, the nanoscale structure is shown to be directly controlled via synthesis of block copolymers in which one block is the low melting temperature semiconducting polymer, poly(3-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene). A wide range of morphologies with curved interfaces are observed which, in the past, have been precluded by the crystallization of poly(3-alkylthiophenes) with unbranched aliphatic side chains such as poly(3-hexylthiophene). Importantly, confinement of the conjugated polymer to nanoscale domains is not detrimental to the crystallinity or to charge transport over device-scale dimensions. Additionally, this approach is shown to be effective for a number of different chemistries providing a flexible methodology for obtaining periodic, semiconducting domains on the nanoscale. Together, these simple synthetic strategies can be used to tune the morphology of various length scales of thin film active layers and provide synthetic rules for design of novel semiconducting polymer systems.
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Polymeric Materials for Use in Organic Photovoltaics by : Sarah Joy Moench
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Polymeric Materials for Use in Organic Photovoltaics written by Sarah Joy Moench and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Norbornene-type monomers with pendant oligothiophene donor and perylene diimide acceptor groups were synthesized and polymerized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to yield donor and acceptor homopolymers. These semiconducting homopolymers were characterized by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy to determine absorbance maxima, emission and excitation profiles, optical bandgaps, molar absorbtivities, and quantum yields. The electrochemical behavior of the donor and acceptor materials was characterized by cyclic voltammetry to determine the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of the organic semiconductors. Donor-acceptor diblock copolymers were synthesized using ROMP. Fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated increased donor emission quenching with decreasing block length. Random donor-acceptor copolymers demonstrated almost complete quenching of the donor emission, likely due to increased donor-acceptor interfaces for charge transfer. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) confirmed the formation of persistent donor radical cations and acceptor radical anions in the block copolymers. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) demonstrated bulk microphase separation with domain sizes between 24-28 nm. Furthermore, the formation of crystalline structure within the ordered microdomains was also observed. All of these studies indicate that the designed materials may be useful as the active layer in organic photovoltaic applications. As a route to functional hybrid materials, block copolymers containing a donor-segment and a Lewis-basic oligoethylene glycol segment, for preferential ZnO nanoparticle growth, were synthesized by ROMP. Photophysical and electrochemical characterization demonstrated that the donor electronic properties were maintained upon incorporation into the copolymer. SAXS was used to demonstrate lamellar morphology in bulk films of the symmetric block copolymers. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized and incorporated into composite thin films with the block copolymers. These composite films demonstrated high photoluminescence quenching, which increased upon thermal annealing, as a result of favorable charge transfer from the photo-excited donor to the ZnO nanoparticles. These studies demonstrate that improved morphology control and self-assembly can increase charge transfer in hybrid materials through increased interfacial area. As an alternative route to directed ZnO nanoparticle growth, a copolymer containing pendant dipicolylamine moieties was synthesized and characterized by photophysical and electrochemical methods.
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrrole and Thiophene Semiconducting Polymers by : Hien Q. Nguyen
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrrole and Thiophene Semiconducting Polymers written by Hien Q. Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 3 describes the synthesis of novel low band gap conjugated thienodipyrrole squarine dye. Structural identification and characterization procedures are described. This donor-acceptor polymer had a low band gap and can be used in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Chapter 4 describes the synthesis of polyisoprene-b- polystyrene- b- poly(3-hexylthiophene) triblock copolymer by anionic coupling of living polyisoprene-b- polystyryl lithium with allyl-terminated poly(3-hexylthiophene). The opto-electronic properties and the morphology of the triblock copolymer are discussed in this chapter. The triblock copolymer has good opto-electronic properties and displayed nanofibrillar morphology.
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Chromophore Functionalized Conjugated Polymers by : Biwang Jiang
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Chromophore Functionalized Conjugated Polymers written by Biwang Jiang and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Thiophene-based Electroactive Polymers by : Marisa Snapp-Leo
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Thiophene-based Electroactive Polymers written by Marisa Snapp-Leo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electroactive polymers show great promise in a variety of applications, from chemical sensors to energy storage. Their properties such as solubility and band gap can be tailored through the strategic addition of substituents to the monomer. Extended conjugation monomers, which feature a central ring between electroactive moieties, were synthesized via different palladium catalyzed coupling reactions such as Negishi and Stille couplings. These monomers along with thiophene-based non-extended conjugation monomers were then polymerized chemically and electrochemically. Due to the color change these polymers exhibit during different redox states, spectroelectrochemistry was conducted to determine their band gap. Analysis of these compounds elucidated the impact different substituents had on the resulting polymers.
Book Synopsis Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Self-assembling Conjugated Polymers for Use in Organic Electronic Applications by : Kathy Beckner Woody
Download or read book Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Self-assembling Conjugated Polymers for Use in Organic Electronic Applications written by Kathy Beckner Woody and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated polymers comprise some of the most promising materials for new technologies such as organic field effect transistors, solar light harvesting technology and sensing devices. In spite of tremendous research initiatives in materials chemistry, the potential to optimize device performance and develop new technologies is remarkable. Understanding relationships between the structure of conjugated polymers and their electronic properties is critical to improving device performance. The design and synthesis of new materials which self-organize into ordered nanostructures creates opportunities to establish relationships between electronic properties and morphology or molecular packing. This thesis details our progress in the development of synthetic routes which provide access to new classes of conjugated polymers that contain dissimilar side chains that segregate or dissimilar conjugated blocks which phase separate, and summarizes our initial attempts to characterize these materials. Poly(1,4-phenylene ethynylene)s (PPEs) have been used in a variety of organic electronic applications, most notably as fluorescent sensors. Using traditional synthetic methods, asymmetrically disubstituted PPEs have irregular placement of side chains on the conjugated backbone. Herein, we establish the first synthetic route to an asymmetrically substituted regioregular PPEs. The initial PPEs in this study have different lengths of alkoxy side chains, and both regioregular and regiorandom analogs are synthesized and characterized for comparison. The design of amphiphilic structures provides additional opportunities for side chains to influence the molecular packing and electronic properties of conjugated polymers. A new class of regioregular, amphiphilic PPEs has been prepared bearing alkoxy and semifluoroalkoxy side chains, which have a tendency to phase separate. Fully conjugated block copolymers can provide access to interesting new morphologies as a result of phase separation of the conjugated blocks. In particular, donor-acceptor block copolymers that phase separate into electron rich and electron poor domains may be advantageous in organic electronic devices such as bulk heterojunction solar cells, of which the performance relies on precise control of the interface between electron donating and accepting materials. The availability of donor-acceptor block copolymers is limited, largely due to the challenges associated with synthesizing these materials. In this thesis, two new synthetic routes to donor-acceptor block copolymers are established. These methods both utilize the catalyst transfer condensation polymerization, which proceeds by a chain growth mechanism. The first example entails the synthesis of a monofunctionalized, telechelic poly(3-alkylthiophene) which can be coupled to electron accepting polymers in a subsequent reaction. The other method describes the first example of a one-pot synthesis of a donor-acceptor diblock copolymer. The methods of synthesis are described, and characterization of the block copolymers is reported.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Conducting Polymers, 2 Volume Set by : Terje A. Skotheim
Download or read book Handbook of Conducting Polymers, 2 Volume Set written by Terje A. Skotheim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-01-16 with total page 1692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how recent advances are fueling new possibilities in textiles, optics, electronics, and biomedicine! As the field of conjugated, electrically conducting, and electroactive polymers has grown, the Handbook of Conducting Polymers has been there to document and celebrate these changes along the way. Now split into two vo
