Symbolic Logic And Other Forms Of Deductive Reasoning

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Symbolic Logic and Other Forms of Deductive Reasoning

Author : Richard L. Trammell
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781535230773
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Symbolic Logic and Other Forms of Deductive Reasoning by : Richard L. Trammell

Download or read book Symbolic Logic and Other Forms of Deductive Reasoning written by Richard L. Trammell and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-07-11 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text does not presuppose any technical background in math or logic. The first seven chapters cover all the basic components of a first course in symbolic logic, including truth tables, rules for devising formal proofs of validity, multiple quantifiers, properties of relations, enthymemes, and identity. (One exception is that truth trees are not discussed.) The five operator symbols used are: (.) and, (v) or, ( ) not, and also if-then, represented by the sideways U and material equivalence represented by the triple line. There are also four chapters which can be studied without symbolic logic background. Chapter 8 is a study of 7 immediate inferences in Aristotelian logic using A, E, I, O type statements with a detailed proof concerning what existential assumptions are involved. Chapter 9 is a study of classic Boolean syllogism using Venn diagrams to show the validity or invalidity of syllogisms. Chapter 10 is a study of the type of probability problems that are deductive (example: having 2 aces in 5 cards drawn from a randomized deck of cards). Chapter 11 is a study of the types of problems that are often found on standardized tests where certain data are given, and then multiple-choice questions are given where the single correct answer is determined by the data. In the symbolic logic chapters, it is shown many times how putting English statements into symbolic notation reveals the complexity (and sometimes ambiguity) of natural language. Many examples are given of the usage of logic in everyday life, with statements to translate taken from musicals, legal documents, federal tax instructions, etc. Several sections involve arguments given in English, which must be translated into symbolic notation before proof of validity is given. Chapter 7 ends with a careful presentation of Richard's Paradox, challenging those who dismiss the problem because it is not strictly mathematical. The conclusion of this chapter is the most controversial part of the text. Richard's paradox is used to construct a valid symbolic logic proof that Cantor's procedure does not prove there are nondenumerable sets, with a challenge to the reader to identify and prove which premise of the argument is false. There are several uncommon features of the text. For example, there is a section where it is shown how the rules of logic are used in solving Sudoku puzzles. Another section challenges students to devise arguments (premises and conclusion) that can be solved in a certain number of steps (say 3) only by using a certain 3 rules, one time each (for example, Modus Ponens, Simplification, and Conjunction). In proofs of invalidity, if there are 10 simple statements (for example), there are 1024 possible combinations of truth values that the 10 statements can have. But the premises and conclusions are set up so that only 1 of these combinations will make all the premises true and the conclusion false - and this 1 way can be found by forced truth-value assignments, with no need to take options. Another unusual section of the text defines the five operator symbols as relations (for example, Cxy = x conjuncted with y is true), and then statements about the operators are given to determine whether the statements are true or false. To aid in deciding what sections to cover in a given course or time frame, certain sections are labeled "optional" as an indication that understanding these sections is not presupposed by later sections in the text. Although there are a ton of problems with answers in the text, any teacher using this text for a course can receive free of charge an answer book giving answers to all the problems not answered in the text, plus a few cases of additional problems not given in the text, also with answers. Send your request to [email protected], and you will be sent an answer key using your address at the school where you teach.

Symbolic Logic and Other Forms of Deductive Reasoning Answer Key

Author : Richard Trammell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781535255745
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (557 download)

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Book Synopsis Symbolic Logic and Other Forms of Deductive Reasoning Answer Key by : Richard Trammell

Download or read book Symbolic Logic and Other Forms of Deductive Reasoning Answer Key written by Richard Trammell and published by . This book was released on 2016-07-11 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is the answer key for the book Symbolic Logic and Other Forms of Deductive Reasoning. In it are the answers for all problem which are not answered in the original book as well as additional problems with answers which can be worked through.

The Development of Symbolic Logic

Author : Arthur Thomas Shearman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Development of Symbolic Logic by : Arthur Thomas Shearman

Download or read book The Development of Symbolic Logic written by Arthur Thomas Shearman and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Symbolic Logic

Author : David W. Agler
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442217421
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Symbolic Logic by : David W. Agler

Download or read book Symbolic Logic written by David W. Agler and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brimming with visual examples of concepts, derivation rules, and proof strategies, this introductory text is ideal for students with no previous experience in logic. Symbolic Logic: Syntax, Semantics, and Proof introduces students to the fundamental concepts, techniques, and topics involved in deductive reasoning. Agler guides students through the basics of symbolic logic by explaining the essentials of two classical systems, propositional and predicate logic. Students will learn translation both from formal language into English and from English into formal language; how to use truth trees and truth tables to test propositions for logical properties; and how to construct and strategically use derivation rules in proofs. This text makes this often confounding topic much more accessible with step-by-step example proofs, chapter glossaries of key terms, hundreds of homework problems and solutions for practice, and suggested further readings.

An Introduction to Logic

Author : Eulalio Baltazar
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781793926661
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Logic by : Eulalio Baltazar

Download or read book An Introduction to Logic written by Eulalio Baltazar and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-12 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the basic inferential patterns of formal logic as they are embedded in everyday life, information technology, and science. It is designed to make clear the basic topics of classical and modern logic. The aim is to improve the reader's ability to navigate both everyday and science-based interactions.

The Logic of Our Language

Author : Rodger L. Jackson
Publisher : Broadview Press
ISBN 13 : 1460402782
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Our Language by : Rodger L. Jackson

Download or read book The Logic of Our Language written by Rodger L. Jackson and published by Broadview Press. This book was released on 2014-11-04 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Logic of Our Language teaches the practical and everyday application of formal logic. Rather than overwhelming the reader with abstract theory, Jackson and McLeod show how the skills developed through the practice of logic can help us to better understand our own language and reasoning processes. The authors’ goal is to draw attention to the patterns and logical structures inherent in our spoken and written language by teaching the reader how to translate English sentences into formal symbols. Other logical tools, including truth tables, truth trees, and natural deduction, are then introduced as techniques for examining the properties of symbolized sentences and assessing the validity of arguments. A substantial number of practice questions are offered both within the book itself and as interactive activities on a companion website.

Logic with Trees

Author : Colin Howson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134785518
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic with Trees by : Colin Howson

Download or read book Logic with Trees written by Colin Howson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-10-11 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logic With Trees is a new and original introduction to modern formal logic. Unlike most texts, it also contains discussions on more philosophical issues such as truth, conditionals and modal logic. It presents the formal material with clarity, preferring informal explanations and arguments to intimidatingly rigorous development. Worked examples and excercises enable the readers to check their progress. Logic With Trees equips students with * a complete and clear account of the truth-tree system for first order logic * the importance of logic and its relevance to many different disciplines * the skills to grasp sophisticated formal reasoning techniques necessary to explore complex metalogic * the ability to contest claims that `ordinary' reasoning is well represented by formal first order logic The issues covered include a thorough discussion of truth-functional and full first order logic, using the truth-tree or semantic tableau approach. Completeness and Soundness proofs are given for both truth-functional and first order trees. Much use is made of induction, which is presented in a clear and consistent manner. There is also discussion of alternative deductive systems, an introduction to transfinite numbers and categoricity, the Lowenhein-Skolem theories and the celebrated findings of Godel and Church. The book concludes with an account of Kripke's attempted solution of the liar paradox and a discussion of the weakness of truth-functional account of conditionals. Particularly useful to those who favour critical accounts of formal reasoning, it will be of interest to students of philosophy at first level and beyond and also students of mathematics and computer science.

Understanding Symbolic Logic

Author : Virginia Klenk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780130201423
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Symbolic Logic by : Virginia Klenk

Download or read book Understanding Symbolic Logic written by Virginia Klenk and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For one-semester/two-quarter/full-year, lower-/upper-level undergraduate courses in Formal Logic and Deductive Logic. This is a comprehensive Each unit is divided into easily comprehended small "bites". The book provides extremely detailed explanations of procedures and techniques.

Deductive Logic

Author : David S. Clarke
Publisher : University Press of America
ISBN 13 : 9780761809227
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Deductive Logic by : David S. Clarke

Download or read book Deductive Logic written by David S. Clarke and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 1998 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deductive Logic is designed as an intermediate-level text directed at upper-division students from philosophy and the humanities. Its focus is exclusively on deductive logic, avoiding altogether topics such as informal reasoning and scientific method normally included in introductory logic courses. Its exposition of logical topics is informal, with emphasis on explaining the basic concepts and procedures of modern symbolic logic in the simplest and most intuitive manner possible rather than on developing a rigorous formal system and providing proofs of its properties. The fact that the text presupposes a course offered to philosophy students and serves to introduce them to logic as the "language of philosophy" has strongly influenced the selection of topics. The topics here are controversial, and the problems not easily resolved, but this text strives to relate the formal logical structures introduced to issues of philosophic interest.

Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning

Author : Norbert M. Seel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441914277
Total Pages : 3643 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning by : Norbert M. Seel

Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning written by Norbert M. Seel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 3643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences.

Deductive Logic

Author : Warren Goldfarb
Publisher : Hackett Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1603845852
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Deductive Logic by : Warren Goldfarb

Download or read book Deductive Logic written by Warren Goldfarb and published by Hackett Publishing. This book was released on 2003-09-15 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a straightforward, lively but rigorous, introduction to truth-functional and predicate logic, complete with lucid examples and incisive exercises, for which Warren Goldfarb is renowned.

Introduction to Logic

Author : Alfred Tarski
Publisher : Courier Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0486318893
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Logic by : Alfred Tarski

Download or read book Introduction to Logic written by Alfred Tarski and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic undergraduate treatment examines the deductive method in its first part and explores applications of logic and methodology in constructing mathematical theories in its second part. Exercises appear throughout.

An Introduction to Formal Logic

Author : Peter Smith
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107494583
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Formal Logic by : Peter Smith

Download or read book An Introduction to Formal Logic written by Peter Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-11-06 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formal logic provides us with a powerful set of techniques for criticizing some arguments and showing others to be valid. These techniques are relevant to all of us with an interest in being skilful and accurate reasoners. In this highly accessible book, Peter Smith presents a guide to the fundamental aims and basic elements of formal logic. He introduces the reader to the languages of propositional and predicate logic, and then develops formal systems for evaluating arguments translated into these languages, concentrating on the easily comprehensible 'tree' method. His discussion is richly illustrated with worked examples and exercises. A distinctive feature is that, alongside the formal work, there is illuminating philosophical commentary. This book will make an ideal text for a first logic course, and will provide a firm basis for further work in formal and philosophical logic.

LOGIC

Author : CHHANDA CHAKRABORTI
Publisher : PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 9788120332485
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (324 download)

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Book Synopsis LOGIC by : CHHANDA CHAKRABORTI

Download or read book LOGIC written by CHHANDA CHAKRABORTI and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2007-07-12 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of this text continues to provide a comprehensive introduction to Logic, a subject that is increasingly becoming popular among students. What distinguishes the text is its graded step-by-step approach to the subject, with informal logic forming the basis and Symbolic logic and Inductive logic forming the more advanced steps. The book also uses a hands-on approach to teaching of logic to induce self-learning, as shown in sections such as on how to create a truth table or a truth tree, on providing strategic tips for formal derivations, and on how to approach symbolization in predicate logic. The Appendices, including those on Indian logic and the nature of inference in Indian logic, are designed to create greater awareness about the extent and depth of the field among students. WHAT’S NEW TO THIS EDITION  A new Appendix on Basic Set Theory. It covers all the fundamental concepts, principles and operations in Basic Set Theory.  Some sections in Chapter 3 on Fallacies have been modified.  Corrections/Modifications done wherever required. KEY FEATURES  In-depth and extensive coverage of Predicate logic.  Covers both Informal and Formal logic.  Each section has many worked-out examples and exercises.  Worked-out examples given in a step-by-step manner for easy compre-hension.  Keywords at the end of each chapter. Intended primarily as a text for students of Philosophy, the book would also be useful to students of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering where Logic is offered as part of their course. Read More

Symbolic Logic 4e

Author : Dr. Daniel Kern
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1365005887
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Symbolic Logic 4e by : Dr. Daniel Kern

Download or read book Symbolic Logic 4e written by Dr. Daniel Kern and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2016-05-31 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for a first, college-level course in Symbolic Logic, in class or online. Covers Sentential Logic, Natural Deduction, Truth Trees, Predicate Logic and Quantifier Logic.

Principles of Deductive Logic

Author :
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9781438408552
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Deductive Logic by :

Download or read book Principles of Deductive Logic written by and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clear focus on its application of formal logic to ordinary English is the most distinctive feature of this textbook for the introductory course in deductive logic. Great care is taken with the appropriate translation into logical languages of ordinary English sentences. Evaluation of these translations promotes a more effective use of ordinary language. The Principles of Deductive Logic presents symbolic logic in a fuller and more leisurely fashion than other introductory textbooks. Early chapters cover informal material, including definition and informal fallacies. The remainder of the text is devoted to the treatment of four distinct artificial languages. The Categorical language is the language of syllogistic logic. The Extended Categorical language enriches this first language with the symbolic connectives for conjunction and negation. The Propositional Connective language and the First-Order language (with identity) are the two basic languages of modern logic. Each language is accompanied by a deductive system, and is used as an instrument for exploring ordinary language, including ordinary arguments The book contains a large number of exercises whose answers are supplied in the back of the book, and many more that can be assigned as homework. A solution's manual is available to instructors upon their request. The request must be written on college or university letterhead.

Sweet Reason

Author : James M. Henle
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118078683
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Sweet Reason by : James M. Henle

Download or read book Sweet Reason written by James M. Henle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-07 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sweet Reason: A Field Guide to Modern Logic, 2nd Edition offers an innovative, friendly, and effective introduction to logic. It integrates formal first order, modal, and non-classical logic with natural language reasoning, analytical writing, critical thinking, set theory, and the philosophy of logic and mathematics. An innovative introduction to the field of logic designed to entertain as it informs Integrates formal first order, modal, and non-classical logic with natural language reasoning, analytical writing, critical thinking, set theory, and the philosophy of logic and mathematics Addresses contemporary applications of logic in fields such as computer science and linguistics A web-site (www.wiley.com/go/henle) linked to the text features numerous supplemental exercises and examples, enlightening puzzles and cartoons, and insightful essays