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Author : Ahmad Radi Hawwari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Suspension Bridge Response to Spatially Varying Ground Motion written by Ahmad Radi Hawwari and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bo Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Effects of Spatially Varying Ground Motions on Bridge Response written by Bo Li and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adjacent bridge structures can move relatively to each other in an earthquake, resulting in pounding or more severely, unseating. Pounding occurs when the relative closing movement is larger than the structural gap whereas girder unseating takes place due to the relative opening movements being larger than the seating length provided. Relative displacements arise from unequal fundamental frequencies of adjacent bridge structures, spatial variation of ground motions and different soil-structure interaction (SSI). The objective of this thesis is to investigate the influence of these factors, especially spatial variation of ground motions on the bridge response. To achieve the objective, a series of experiments were conducted on the bridge models made of polyvinylchloride (PVC) using either shake tables or inertial actuators. Ground motions of the soft soil, shallow soil and strong rock conditions based on the New Zealand design spectra were simulated. The ground motions of the soft soil condition were further classified as highly, intermediately and weakly correlated ground motions to account for coherency loss effect of excitation spatial variation. These experiments include testing a 1:125 scale bridge with three identical bridge segments to study the effect of spatially varying ground motions with pounding, testing the same model but with the footings on sand contained by rubber boxes to consider the effects of spatially varying ground motions and SSI with pounding, testing one of those bridge segments with movable abutments to investigate the effect of excitation spatial variation considering abutment excitation and pounding, testing a 1:125 scale bridge model with two identical bridge segments with artificial plastic hinges to study the effect of spatially varying ground motions on inelastic bridge response with pounding, and field testing a 1:22 scale bridge segment subjected to spatially varying ground motions to determine the minimum total gap of a modulus expansion joint required to avoid pounding. A total of 8660 tests were performed. Research found that spatial variation of ground motions can increase the relative displacement of adjacent bridge girders and pounding forces. Based on the experimental results, the New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) Bridge manual was reviewed. It was found that the current NZTA Bridge manual is unable to suggest sufficient minimum seating length to accommodate the measured relative opening displacements. A set of empirical equations is therefore proposed to calculate adequate minimum support seating lengths to prevent girder unseating.
Author : Harry Grundmann
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9789058095121
Total Pages : 780 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (951 download)
Download or read book Structural Dynamics written by Harry Grundmann and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings contain contributions presented by authors from more than 30 countries at EURODYN 2002. The proceedings show recent scientific developments as well as practical applications, they cover the fields of theory of vibrations, nonlinear vibrations, stochastic dynamics, vibrations of structured elements, wave propagation and structure-borne sound, including questions of fatigue and damping. Emphasis is laid on vibrations of bridges, buildings, railway structures as well as on the fields of wind and earthquake engineering, repectively. Enriched by a number of keynote lectures and organized sessions the two volumes of the proceedings present an overview of the state of the art of the whole field of structural dynamics and the tendencies ot its further development.
Author : Kaiming Bi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (794 download)
Download or read book Effects of Ground Motion Spatial Variations and Random Site Conditions on Seismic Responses of Bridge Structures written by Kaiming Bi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] The research carried out in this thesis concentrates on the modelling of spatial variation of seismic ground motions, and its effect on bridge structural responses. This effort brings together various aspects regarding the modelling of seismic ground motion spatial variations caused by incoherence effect, wave passage effect and local site effect, bridge structure modelling with soil-structure interaction (SSI) effect, and dynamic response modelling of pounding between different components of adjacent bridge structures. Previous studies on structural responses to spatial ground motions usually assumed homogeneous flat site conditions. It is thus reasonable to assume that the ground motion power spectral densities at various locations of the site are the same. The only variations between spatial ground motions are the loss of coherency and time delay. For a structure located on a canyon site or site of varying conditions, local site effect will amplify and filter the incoming waves and thus further alter the ground motion spatial variations. In the first part of this thesis (Chapters 2-4), a stochastic method is adopted and further developed to study the seismic responses of bridge structures located on a canyon site. In this approach, the spatially varying ground motions are modelled in two steps. Firstly, the base rock motions are assumed to have the same intensity and are modelled with a filtered Tajimi- Kanai power spectral density function and an empirical spatial ground motion coherency loss function. Then, power spectral density function of ground motion on surface of the canyon site is derived by considering the site amplification effect based on the onedimensional seismic wave propagation theory. The structural responses are formulated in the frequency domain, and mean peak responses are estimated by the standard random vibration method. The dynamic, quasi-static and total responses of a frame structure (Chapter 2) and the minimum separation distances between an abutment and the adjacent bridge deck and between two adjacent bridge decks required in the modular expansion joint (MEJ) design to preclude pounding during strong ground motion shaking are studied (Chapter 3). The influence of SSI is also examined (in Chapter 4) by modelling the soil surrounding the pile foundation as frequency-dependent springs and dashpots in the horizontal and rotational directions. A method is proposed to simulate the spatially varying earthquake ground motion time histories at a canyon site with different soil conditions. This method takes into consideration the local site effect on ground motion amplification and spatial variations. The base rock motions are modelled by a filtered Tajimi-Kanai power spectral density function or a stochastic ground motion attenuation model, and the spatial variations of seismic waves on the base rock are depicted by a coherency loss function. The power spectral density functions on the ground surfaces are derived by considering seismic wave propagations through the local site by assuming the base rock motions consisting of outof- plane SH wave and in-plane combined P and SV waves with an incident angle to the site. The spectral representation method is used to simulate the multi-component spatially varying earthquake ground motions...
Author : Zhan Yu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (724 download)
Download or read book Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions for Bridge Response Analysis in Complex Topographic Conditions written by Zhan Yu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Esin Inan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402054017
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book The Seventh International Conference on Vibration Problems ICOVP 2005 written by Esin Inan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-20 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Vibration Problems, held in Istanbul, Turkey, September 5-9, 2005. The main objective being to stimulate a broad interdisciplinary research. The topics covered in the book vary from the effect of ground motion on the stochastic response of suspension bridges to coupling effects between different vibrations in rotor-blade systems.
Author : Aikaterini Konakli
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781124889573
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (895 download)
Download or read book Stochastic Dynamic Analysis of Bridges Subjected to Spatially Varying Ground Motions written by Aikaterini Konakli and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using response spectrum and time-history analysis methods, a thorough investigation of the response of bridges subjected to spatially varying support motions is performed. Three main causes of spatial variability are considered: the incoherence effect, which represents random differences in the amplitudes and phases of seismic waves due to reflections and refractions that occur during wave propagation in the heterogeneous medium of the ground and due to differential superposition of waves arriving from different parts of an extended source; the wave-passage effect, which describes the differences in the arrival times of waves at separate locations; and the site-response effect, which accounts for differences in the intensities and frequency contents of surface motions due to variable soil profiles underneath the supports. The multiple-support response spectrum (MSRS) method originally developed by Der Ki-ureghian and Neuenhofer (1992) is generalized to allow consideration of response quantities that depend on the support degrees of freedom, and extended to account for quasi-static contributions of truncated modes. Efficient algorithms and a computer code are developed for the implementation of the generalized and extended MSRS method. The code is used for comprehensive parametric analyses of four real bridge models with vastly different characteristics. The analyses identify cases of ground motion spatial variability and types of bridges for which the effects of spatial variability are significant. Methods for simulation of spatially varying ground motion arrays incorporating the effects of incoherence, wave passage and differential site response are developed. The simulated motions inherit statistical characteristics of a specified acceleration record at a reference site. The conditional simulation approach preserves time-history characteristics of the specified record; however, the array of motions exhibits increasing variability with distance from the reference site. The unconditional simulation method generates an array of motions that preserve the overall temporal and spectral characteristics of the specified record and exhibit uniform variability at all locations. The simulated motions are validated by examining their physical compliance and by comparing their response spectra, coherency characteristics and power spectral densities with corresponding target models. Sets of simulated support motions are used to investigate the effect of spatial variability on linear and non-linear bridge response by time-history analyses. Comparisons between linear and non-linear pier drifts are performed to assess the accuracy of the "equal dis-placement" rule (Veletsos and Newmark, 1960) for spatially varying ground motions. Comparisons between mean peak responses obtained from linear time-history and MSRS analyses provide information on the range of errors induced by the approximations involved in the latter method. Finally, coherency analysis of a recorded array of near-fault ground motions is performed. The ability of commonly used models to describe the incoherence component of this array is assessed.
Author : Jordan Michael Seawright
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Case Study on the Dynamic Response of Long Bridges Subject to Spatially Varying Ground Motions written by Jordan Michael Seawright and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report analyzed the dynamic response of a long, linear elastic concrete bridge subject to spatially varying ground displacements as well as consistent ground displacements. Specifically, the study investigated the bridge's response to consistent ground displacements at all supports (U-NW), ground displacements with wave passage effects and no soil profile variability (U-WP), and ground displacements with both wave passage effects and soil profile variability (V-WP). Time-history ground displacements were taken from recordings of the Loma Prieta, Duzce, and Chuetsu earthquakes. The two horizontal components of each earthquake time-history displacement record were applied to the bridge supports in the transverse and longitudinal directions. It was found that considering wave passage effects without soil profile variability, as compared with consistent ground displacements, significantly reduced the peak total energy of the system, as well as decreasing the maximum relative longitudinal displacements. The maximum relative transverse displacements were not significantly changed in the same case. It was also found that including both wave passage effects and soil profile variability (V-WP) generally resulted in larger maximum transverse relative displacements, across all earthquake time-histories tested. Similarly, it was found that using consistent ground displacements (U-NW) generally resulted in larger maximum longitudinal relative displacements, as well as larger peak total energy values.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Seismic Performance and Design Considerations of Long Span Suspension Bridges written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Aspasia Zerva
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420009915
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions written by Aspasia Zerva and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spatial variation of seismic ground motions denotes the differences in the seismic time histories at various locations on the ground surface. This text focuses on the spatial variability of the motions that is caused by the propagation of the waveforms from the earthquake source through the earth strata to the ground surface, and it brings toge
Author : You Lin Xu
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203839668
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (38 download)
Download or read book Structural Health Monitoring of Long-Span Suspension Bridges written by You Lin Xu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long span suspension bridges cost billions. In recent decades, structural health monitoring systems have been developed to measure the loading environment and responses of these bridges in order to assess serviceability and safety while tracking the symptoms of operational incidents and potential damage. This helps ensure the bridge functions prope
Author : Niels J. Gimsing
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119951879
Total Pages : 760 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)
Download or read book Cable Supported Bridges written by Niels J. Gimsing and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-12-30 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourteen years on from its last edition, Cable Supported Bridges: Concept and Design, Third Edition, has been significantly updated with new material and brand new imagery throughout. Since the appearance of the second edition, the focus on the dynamic response of cable supported bridges has increased, and this development is recognised with two new chapters, covering bridge aerodynamics and other dynamic topics such as pedestrian-induced vibrations and bridge monitoring. This book concentrates on the synthesis of cable supported bridges, suspension as well as cable stayed, covering both design and construction aspects. The emphasis is on the conceptual design phase where the main features of the bridge will be determined. Based on comparative analyses with relatively simple mathematical expressions, the different structural forms are quantified and preliminary optimization demonstrated. This provides a first estimate on dimensions of the main load carrying elements to give in an initial input for mathematical computer models used in the detailed design phase. Key features: Describes evolution and trends within the design and construction of cable supported bridges Describes the response of structures to dynamic actions that have attracted growing attention in recent years Highlights features of the different structural components and their interaction in the entire structural system Presents simple mathematical expressions to give a first estimate on dimensions of the load carrying elements to be used in an initial computer input This comprehensive coverage of the design and construction of cable supported bridges provides an invaluable, tried and tested resource for academics and engineers.
Author : Hong Hao
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351850210
Total Pages : 1966 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Mechanics of Structures and Materials XXIV written by Hong Hao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 1966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanics of Structures and Materials: Advancements and Challenges is a collection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the 24th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM24, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6-9 December 2016). The contributions from academics, researchers and practising engineers from Australasian, Asia-pacific region and around the world, cover a wide range of topics, including: • Structural mechanics • Computational mechanics • Reinforced and prestressed concrete structures • Steel structures • Composite structures • Civil engineering materials • Fire engineering • Coastal and offshore structures • Dynamic analysis of structures • Structural health monitoring and damage identification • Structural reliability analysis and design • Structural optimization • Fracture and damage mechanics • Soil mechanics and foundation engineering • Pavement materials and technology • Shock and impact loading • Earthquake loading • Traffic and other man-made loadings • Wave and wind loading • Thermal effects • Design codes Mechanics of Structures and Materials: Advancements and Challenges will be of interest to academics and professionals involved in Structural Engineering and Materials Science.
Author : Deyi Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)
Download or read book Stochastic Modelling and Analysis for Bridges Under Spatially Varying Ground Motions written by Deyi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake is undoubtedly one of the greatest natural disasters that can induce serious structural damage and huge losses of properties and lives. The resulting destructive consequences not only have made structural seismic analysis and design much more important but have impelled the necessity of more realistic representation of ground motions, such as inclusion of ground motion spatial variations in earthquake modelling and seismic analysis and design of structures. Recorded seismic ground motions exhibit spatial variations in their amplitudes and phases, and the spatial variabilities have an important effect on the responses of structures extended in space, such as long span bridges. Because of the multi-parametric nature and the complexity of the problems, the development of specific design provisions on spatial variabilities of ground motions in modern seismic codes has been impeded. Eurocode 8 is currently the only seismic standard worldwide that gives a set of detailed guidelines to explicitly tackle spatial variabilities of ground motions in bridge design, providing both a simplified design scheme and an analytical approach. However, there is gap between the code-specified provisions in Eurocode 8 and the realistic representation of spatially varying ground motions (SVGM) and the corresponding stochastic vibration analysis (SVA) approaches. This study is devoted to bridge this gap on modelling of SVGM and development of SVA approaches for structures extended in space under SVGM. A complete and realistic SVGM representation approach is developed by accounting for the incoherence effect, wave-passage effect, site-response effect, ground motion nonstationarity, tridirectionality, and spectra-compatibility. This effort brings together various aspects regarding rational seismic scenarios determination, comprehensive methods of accounting for varying site effects, conditional modelling of SVGM nonstationarity, and code-specified ground motion spectra-compatibility. A comprehensive, systematic, and efficient SVA methodology is derived for long span structures under tridirectional nonstationary SVGM. An absolute-response-oriented scheme of pseudo-excitation method and an improved high precision direct integration method are proposed to reduce the enormous computational effort of conventional nonstationary SVA. A scheme accounting for tridirectional varying site-response effect is incorporated in the nonstationary SVA scheme systematically. The proposed highly efficient and accurate SVA approach is implemented and verified in a general finite element analysis platform to make it readily applicable in SVA of complex structures. Based on the proposed SVA approach, parametric studies of two practical long span bridges under SVGM are conducted. To account for spatial randomness and variability of soil properties in soil-structure interaction analysis of structures under SVGM, a meshfree-Galerkin approach is proposed within the Karhunen-Loeve expansion scheme for representation of spatial soil properties modelled as a random field. The meshfree shape functions are proposed as a set of basis functions in the Galerkin scheme to solve integral equation of Karhunen-Loeve expansion, with a proposed optimization scheme in treating the compatibility between the target and analytical covariance models. The accuracy and validity of the meshfree-Galerkin scheme are assessed and demonstrated by representation of covariance models for various homogeneous and nonhomogeneous spatial fields. The developed modelling approaches of SVGM and the derived analytical SVA approaches can be applied to provide more refined solutions for quantitatively assessing code-specified design provisions and developing new design provisions. The proposed meshfree-Galerkin approach can be used to account for spatial randomness and variability of soil properties in soil-structure interaction analysis.
Author : Holm Altenbach
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030212513
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)
Download or read book Contributions to Advanced Dynamics and Continuum Mechanics written by Holm Altenbach and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book celebrates the 65th birthday of Prof. Alexander K. Belyaev—a well-known expert in the field of Dynamics of Mechanical Systems. In addition to reflecting Prof. Belyaev’s contributions, the papers gathered here address a range of current problems in Dynamics and Continuum Mechanics. All contributions were prepared by his friends and colleagues, and chiefly focus on theory and applications.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Seismic Response of Steel Suspension Bridge written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performing accurate, realistic numerical simulations of the seismic response of long-span bridges presents a significant challenge to the fields of earthquake engineering and seismology. Suspension bridges in particular represent some of the largest and most important man-made structures and ensuring the seismic integrity of these mega-structures is contingent on accurate estimations of earthquake ground motions and accurate computational simulations of the structure/foundation system response. A cooperative, multi-year research project between the Univ. of California and LLNL was recently initiated to study engineering and seismological issues essential for simulating the response of major structures. Part of this research project is focused on the response of the long-span bridges with the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge serving as a case study. This paper reports on the status of this multi-disciplinary research project with emphasis on the numerical simulation of the transient seismic response of the Bay Bridge.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9784432314928
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (149 download)
Download or read book Okumen. Dokumentation. Vol.1. Um Amt und Herrenmahl. 2.Aufl written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
