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Author : David A. Sabatini
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Surfactant-enhanced DNAPL Remediation written by David A. Sabatini and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (713 download)
Download or read book Surfactant-Enhanced DNAPL Removal written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the limitations of conventional groundwater remediation technologies, innovative methods have been sought to enhance the removal of recalcitrant compounds such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE), which are frequently trapped in the subsurface as dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). Surfactant-Enhanced Aquifer Remediation (SEAR) is one such method, which has been adapted from enhanced oil recovery techniques used by the petroleum industry. It involves sweeping a surfactant solution across the DNAPL-contaminated portion of the aquifer. The surfactants accomplish rapid removal of the DNAPL contaminant by greatly increasing its effective aqueous solubility and by reducing the interfacial tension between the DNAPL and water phases. In field demonstrations conducted to date, up to 99% removal efficiencies have been achieved with just three pore volumes of surfactant followed by water flooding. In a typical remediation scheme, surfactants are used to remediate DNAPL source areas and complement the use of other technologies, such as conventional pump- and -treat systems, for removing the dissolved-phase plumes that are associated with DNAPL source areas. Currently, simple options for remediating DNAPL source areas are limited. Residual DNAPL in an aquifer acts as a continual source of contamination to the groundwater, and site closure cannot be achieved unless the source is removed. This surfactant-based technology will be more cost-effective than conventional pump-and-treat systems and will provide for a more rapid site cleanup.
Author : Konstantinos Kostarelos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (429 download)
Download or read book Surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation at neutral buoyancy written by Konstantinos Kostarelos and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The two most important outstanding issues regarding surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation of DNAPL [Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids] sites are the risk of downward migration of the DNAPL to lower, uncontaminated groundwater or underlying clean aquifers and the impact of aquifer heterogeneity. The first of these problems has been addressed and solved by this research. The main objective was to prevent vertical migration of microemulsion (and thus dense contaminants) when using surfactant solutions to recover DNAPLs from the subsurface and still remove essentially all of the DNAPL with a reasonable amount of surfactant. When surfactant solution solubilizes DNAPL, the resulting microemulsion is denser than the surrounding fluid and thus tends to migrate downward. Unless a good capillary barrier exists below the DNAPL, vertical migration can cause contamination of clean groundwater below the DNAPL and should be avoided. Since many sites do not have a known lower confining layer with certainty, this problem needed to be addressed so that surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation could be more widely used and used with acceptable risk and effectiveness. The DNAPLs used in these experiments were trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene. and the surfactant was sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate. Isopropanol was used in the surfactant solution to lower the density of the microemulsion that formed when the DNAPL was solubilized and has other benefits as well. This approach, termed neutral buoyancy, was used to prevent vertical migration. To test the concept, several major steps were taken. First, a suitable surfactant exhibiting classical Winsor phase behavior was selected. Density measurements were made of the microemulsions formed when the surfactant solution solubilized DNAPL, using various alcohols in the solution. Next, column experiments were done to ensure that the surfactant solution exhibited good behavior when used to recover the DNAPL from a sandpack. Finally, a model aquifer was constructed. and experiments designed and performed. Three tank experiments were made to demonstrate the neutral buoyancy concept. The first experiment was designed so that the microemulsion would exhibit a small degree of vertical migration but would still be recovered by the extraction well of the model. The second experiment was designed with a large degree of vertical migration that would render the microemulsion unrecoverable before it reached the bottom of the tank. The third tank experiment used a neutrally buoyant design to demonstrate that DNAPL can be removed from a coarse sand layer on top of a clean fine sand layer that would not be an adequate barrier for downward migration of microemulsion (and thus contaminant) if it were not neutrally buoyant. The main contribution of this research work was solving the problem of vertical migration of microemulsion so that surfactant solutions could be used at field sites that are not underlain by a capillary barrier. The neutral buoyancy concept was developed and was verified in these experiments"--Leaves v-vii.
Author : Nichole L. Case
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (374 download)
Download or read book Surfactant Enhanced Aquifer Remediation of a DNAPL Site, Portsmouth, Ohio written by Nichole L. Case and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book Demonstration of Surfactant-Enhanced Aquifer Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent DNAPL at Operable Unit 2, Hill AFB, Utah, Draft Final written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During 1996 and 1997, five separate partitioning interwell tracer tests (PITTs) were conducted as part of two separate surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) demonstrations targeting DNAPL (primarily TCE) at Operable Unit 2 (OU2), Hill Air Force Base, Utah. These PITTs were used as a DNAPL characterization tool to accurately determine: 1.) the total aquifer volume swept; 2.) the total amount of DNAPL present in the swept aquifer volume; and, 3.) the average residual saturation present. PITTs were conducted before and after each SEAR demonstration to provide remediation performance assessments and were hydraulically controlled without using sheetpile walls. The successful implementation of field-scale PITTs required an engineering design strategy using conventional characterization activities, laboratory studies, and UTCHEM modeling. The volume sampled by each PITT was on the order of an average of 6500 cu ft (14,000 gallon pore volume). Tracer recoveries ranged from 79% to 92%, indicating that, within experimental error, all of the injected tracers were recovered. The method of temporal moments was used to analyze each PITT, and the resulting DNAPL volume estimates were in close agreement with other measurements (e.g. SEAR DNAPL recoveries and core data estimates). Thus, in sandy alluvium, PITTs are very accurate estimators of DNAPL volumes, and provide an excellent characterization and performance assessment tool for DNAPL remediation efforts. Based on the success of these PITTs, the USAF is currently conducting large-scale PITTs to characterize the entire DNAPL source zone at OU2.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309065496
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Groundwater and Soil Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-21 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of technologies for cleaning up contaminants in groundwater and soil. It provides a special focus on three classes of contaminants that have proven very difficult to treat once released to the subsurface: metals, radionuclides, and dense nonaqueous-phase liquids such as chlorinated solvents. Groundwater and Soil Cleanup was commissioned by the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of its program to clean up contamination in the nuclear weapons production complex. In addition to a review of remediation technologies, the book describes new trends in regulation of contaminated sites and assesses DOE's program for developing new subsurface cleanup technologies.
Author : Chrissi Lynn Brown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (669 download)
Download or read book Design of a Field Scale Project for Surfactant Enhanced Remediation of a DNAPL Contaminated Aquifer written by Chrissi Lynn Brown and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book In Situ, Field Scale Evaluation of Surfactant Enhanced DNAPL Recovery Using a Single-well, Push-pull Test. 1997 Annual Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surfactant enhanced DNAPL recovery involves the use of injected surfactants to increase the solubility and/or mobility of DNAPL in the subsurface to reduce the time and cost required for site remediation. The successful design of a surfactant enhanced DNAPL recovery system requires a quantitative understanding of the competing processes of DNAPL solubilization and mobilization, and sorption, precipitation, and microbial degradation of injected surfactant components. An innovative new site-characterization technology, the single-well, push-pull test method, is currently under development at Oregon State University and has been successfully used in the field to determine a wide range of aquifer physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. A push-pull test consists of the controlled injection of a prepared test solution into a single monitoring well followed by the extraction of the test solution/groundwater mixture from the same well. The type, combination, and concentration of injected solutes is selected to investigate specific aquifer characteristics. The overall goal of this project is to further develop the single-well, push-pull test method as a new site characterization and feasibility assessment tool for studying the fundamental fate and transport behavior of injected surfactants and their ability to solubilize and mobilize DNAPLs in the subsurface. The specific objectives are: (1) to develop a modified push-pull test for use in identifying and quantifying the effects of sorption, precipitation, and biodegradation on the fate and transport of injected surfactants, (2) to use the developed test method to quantify the effects of these processes on the ability of injected surfactants to solubilize and mobilize residual phase trichloroethylene, and (3) to demonstrate the utility of the developed test method for performing site characterization and feasibility studies for surfactant enhanced DNAPL recovery systems.
Author : Jan Schaerlaekens
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (476 download)
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Surfactant-enhanced Aquifer Remediation of a Residual DNAPL Saturation written by Jan Schaerlaekens and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David A. Sabatini
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Surfactant-enhanced Subsurface Remediation written by David A. Sabatini and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a timely and thorough review of surfactant-based remediation technologies. Covers fundamental mechanistic studies to scale-up and process modeling and full-scale field implementation studies. Summarizes the technical, economic, and sociopolitical issues affecting widespread implementation of these technologies. Includes contributions from academic and industrial researchers as well as regulatory personnel.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030909447X
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
Author : Donald F. Lowe
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849341175
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (411 download)
Download or read book Surfactants and Cosolvents for NAPL Remediation A Technology Practices Manual written by Donald F. Lowe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-03-26 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A $19.3 million Department of Defense grant to Rice University funds the Advanced Applied Technology Demonstration Facility (AATDF). One of the project goals is the development of reduction strategies for nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in the subsurface. Surfactants and Cosolvents for NAPL Remediation records the results of AATDF research. The manual is a guide to the practical application of surfactants/cosolvent for in situ remediation. It is targeted to decision makers and anyone concerned with the design or implementation of these technologies. The book discusses the situational viability of surfactants/cosolvents , the possible results, design, and operation. It includes case studies, step-by-step guidance, and project cost work sheets. The successful results of the AATDF research, as documented Surfactants and Cosolvents for NAPL Remediation, are an invaluable contribution to the future of subsurface remediation. Without source NAPL reduction, the alternative is decades of plume management through pump-and-treat.
Author : Lee P. Josselyn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (37 download)
Download or read book Surfactant Enhanced Solubilization of Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) for Application to In-situ Porous Media Remediation written by Lee P. Josselyn and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Chris Albon
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN 13 : 1491989335
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (919 download)
Download or read book Machine Learning with Python Cookbook written by Chris Albon and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2018-03-09 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide provides nearly 200 self-contained recipes to help you solve machine learning challenges you may encounter in your daily work. If you’re comfortable with Python and its libraries, including pandas and scikit-learn, you’ll be able to address specific problems such as loading data, handling text or numerical data, model selection, and dimensionality reduction and many other topics. Each recipe includes code that you can copy and paste into a toy dataset to ensure that it actually works. From there, you can insert, combine, or adapt the code to help construct your application. Recipes also include a discussion that explains the solution and provides meaningful context. This cookbook takes you beyond theory and concepts by providing the nuts and bolts you need to construct working machine learning applications. You’ll find recipes for: Vectors, matrices, and arrays Handling numerical and categorical data, text, images, and dates and times Dimensionality reduction using feature extraction or feature selection Model evaluation and selection Linear and logical regression, trees and forests, and k-nearest neighbors Support vector machines (SVM), naïve Bayes, clustering, and neural networks Saving and loading trained models
Author : Susan M. Henry
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Chlorinated Solvent and DNAPL Remediation written by Susan M. Henry and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorinated Solvent and DNAPL Remediation addresses remediation of chlorinated solvents and dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in groundwater and discusses remedial alternatives that are available for subsurface cleanup. Chlorinated Solvent and DNAPL Remediation: Innovative Strategies for Subsurface Cleanup focuses primarily on current technological developments and innovative applications for in situ remediation of chlorinated solvents including DNAPLs in soil and groundwater. However, this book also provides a general overview of all of the physical, chemical, and biological processes available for in situ remediation of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents and DNAPLs. Chapters discuss surfactant flushing to enhance DNAPL removal; in situ chemical destruction by reduction processes involving zero valent iron or related metals; in situ chemical destruction by advanced oxidation processes; and in situ biological destruction by enhanced anaerobic bioremediation or natural bioattenuation. This book also emphasizes zero valent iron-based strategies, including reaction geochemistry, permeable reactive barrier longevity, rejuvenation of iron walls, and emplacement technique. One chapter summarizes 10 years of permeable reactive barrier development and application. The controversial issues related to DNAPL remediation, including the concept that remediation of sites affected by DNAPL could be technically impractical, are reviewed. Another chapter focuses on the evolution of DNAPL remediation practice.
Author : Bernard H. Kueper
Publisher : Springer Science & Business
ISBN 13 : 1461469228
Total Pages : 759 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation written by Bernard H. Kueper and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination of groundwater and the methods and technology used for characterization and remediation. Remediation of DNAPL source zones is very difficult and controversial and must be based on state-of-the-art knowledge of the behavior (transport and fate) of nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface and site specific geology, chemistry and hydrology. This volume is focused on the characterization and remediation of nonaqueous phase chlorinated solvents and it is hoped that mid-level engineers and scientists will find this book helpful in understanding the current state-of-practice of DNAPL source zone management and remediation.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309278139
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.
