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Surface Roughness Characterization Of Niobium Subjected To Incremental Bcp And Ep Processing Steps
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Book Synopsis Surface Roughness Characterization of Niobium Subjected to Incremental BCP and EP Processing Steps by :
Download or read book Surface Roughness Characterization of Niobium Subjected to Incremental BCP and EP Processing Steps written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surface of niobium samples polished under incremental Buffered Chemical Polish (BCP) and Electro-Polishing (EP) have been characterized through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and stylus profilometry across a range of length of scales. The results were analyzed using Power Density Spectral (PSD) technique to determine roughness and characteristic dimensions. This study has shown that the PSD method is a valuable tool that provides quantitative information about surface roughness at different length scales.
Book Synopsis Roughness Analysis of Variously Polished Niobium Surfaces by :
Download or read book Roughness Analysis of Variously Polished Niobium Surfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Niobium superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities have gained widespread use in accelerator systems. It has been shown that surface roughness is a determining factor in the cavities' effi ciency and maximum accelerating potential achievable through this technology. Irregularities in the surface can lead to spot heating, undesirable local electrical fi eld enhancement and electron multipacting. Surface quality is typically ensured through the use of acid etching in a Buffered Chemical Polish (BCP) bath and electropolishing (EP). In this study, the effects of these techniques on surface morphology have been investigated in depth. The surface of niobium samples polished using different combinations of these techniques has been characterized through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and stylus profi lometry across a range of length scales. The surface morphology was analyzed using spectral techniques to determine roughness and characteristic dimensions. Experimentation has shown that this method is a valuable tool that provides quantitative information about surface roughness at different length scales. It has demonstrated that light BCP pretreatment and lower electrolyte temperature favors a smoother electropolish. These results will allow for the design of a superior polishing process for niobium SRF cavities and therefore increased accelerator operating effi ciency and power.
Book Synopsis Buffered Electrochemical Polishing of Niobium by :
Download or read book Buffered Electrochemical Polishing of Niobium written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The standard preparation of superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities made of pure niobium include the removal of a 'damaged' surface layer, by buffered chemical polishing (BCP) or electropolishing (EP), after the cavities are formed. The performance of the cavities is characterized by a sharp degradation of the quality factor when the surface magnetic field exceeds about 90 mT, a phenomenon referred to as 'Q-drop'. In cavities made of polycrystalline fine grain (ASTM 5) niobium, the Q-drop can be significantly reduced by a low-temperature (≈ 120 C) 'in-situ' baking of the cavity if the chemical treatment was EP rather than BCP. As part of the effort to understand this phenomenon, we investigated the effect of introducing a polarization potential during buffered chemical polishing, creating a process which is between the standard BCP and EP. While preliminary results on the application of this process to Nb cavities have been previously reported, in this contribution we focus on the characterization of this novel electrochemical process by measuring polarization curves, etching rates, surface finish, electrochemical impedance and the effects of temperature and electrolyte composition. In particular, it is shown that the anodic potential of Nb during BCP reduces the etching rate and improves the surface finish.
Book Synopsis Integrated Surface Topography Characterization of Variously Polished Niobium for Superconducting Particle Accelerators by :
Download or read book Integrated Surface Topography Characterization of Variously Polished Niobium for Superconducting Particle Accelerators written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As superconducting niobium radio-frequency (SRF) cavities approach fundamental material limits, there is increased interest in understanding the details of topographical influences on realized performance limitations. Micro-and nano-roughness are implicated in both direct geometrical field enhancements as well as complications of the composition of the 50 nm surface layer in which the super-currents flow. Interior surface chemical polishing (BCP/EP) to remove mechanical damage leaves surface topography, including pits and protrusions of varying sharpness. These may promote RF magnetic field entry, locally quenching superconductivity, so as to degrade cavity performance. A more incisive analysis of surface topography than the widely-used average roughness is needed. In this study, a power spectral density (PSD) approach based on Fourier analysis of surface topography data acquired by both stylus profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) is being used to distinguish the scale-dependent smoothing effects. The topographical evolution of the Nb surface as a function of different steps of EP is reported, resulting in a novel qualitative and quantitative description of Nb surface topography.
Book Synopsis A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field by : James C. Maxwell
Download or read book A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field written by James C. Maxwell and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 1996-12-03 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We owe Clerk Maxwell the precise formulation of the space-time laws of electromagnetic fields. Imagine his own feelings when the partial differential equations he formulated spread in the form of polarized waves with the speed of light! This change in the understanding of the structure of reality is the most profound and fruitful that has come to physics since Newton."--Albert Einstein
Book Synopsis Halide Perovskites by : Tze-Chien Sum
Download or read book Halide Perovskites written by Tze-Chien Sum and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real insight from leading experts in the field into the causes of the unique photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells, describing the fundamentals of perovskite materials and device architectures. The authors cover materials research and development, device fabrication and engineering methodologies, as well as current knowledge extending beyond perovskite photovoltaics, such as the novel spin physics and multiferroic properties of this family of materials. Aimed at a better and clearer understanding of the latest developments in the hybrid perovskite field, this is a must-have for material scientists, chemists, physicists and engineers entering or already working in this booming field.
Download or read book Grinding and Lapping written by and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis NSWC TR. by : Naval Surface Weapons Center
Download or read book NSWC TR. written by Naval Surface Weapons Center and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering by : Alexander Wu Chao
Download or read book Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering written by Alexander Wu Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by internationally recognized authorities in the field, this expanded and updated new edition of the bestselling Handbook, containing more than 100 new articles, is aimed at the design and operation of modern particle accelerators. It is intended as a vade mecum for professional engineers and physicists engaged in these subjects. With a collection of more than 2000 equations, 300 illustrations and 500 graphs and tables, here one will find, in addition to the common formulae of previous compilations, hard-to-find, specialized formulae, recipes and material data pooled from the lifetime experience of many of the world''s most able practitioners of the art and science of accelerators.The eight chapters include both theoretical and practical matters as well as an extensive glossary of accelerator types. Chapters on beam dynamics and electromagnetic and nuclear interactions deal with linear and nonlinear single particle and collective effects including spin motion, beam-environment, beam-beam, beam-electron, beam-ion and intrabeam interactions. The impedance concept and related calculations are dealt with at length as are the instabilities associated with the various interactions mentioned. A chapter on operational considerations includes discussions on the assessment and correction of orbit and optics errors, real-time feedbacks, generation of short photon pulses, bunch compression, tuning of normal and superconducting linacs, energy recovery linacs, free electron lasers, cooling, space-charge compensation, brightness of light sources, collider luminosity optimization and collision schemes. Chapters on mechanical and electrical considerations present material data and important aspects of component design including heat transfer and refrigeration. Hardware systems for particle sources, feedback systems, confinement and acceleration (both normal conducting and superconducting) receive detailed treatment in a subsystems chapter, beam measurement techniques and apparatus being treated therein as well. The closing chapter gives data and methods for radiation protection computations as well as much data on radiation damage to various materials and devices.A detailed name and subject index is provided together with reliable references to the literature where the most detailed information available on all subjects treated can be found.
Book Synopsis Butterworths Banking Law Handbook by : Graham S. McBain
Download or read book Butterworths Banking Law Handbook written by Graham S. McBain and published by Lexis Law Publishing (Va). This book was released on 1993 with total page 874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Norbert G. H. Meyendorf Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3662089882 Total Pages :435 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (62 download)
Book Synopsis Nondestructive Materials Characterization by : Norbert G. H. Meyendorf
Download or read book Nondestructive Materials Characterization written by Norbert G. H. Meyendorf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an emphasis on aircraft materials, this book describes techniques for the material characterization to detect and quantify degradation processes such as corrosion and fatigue. It introduces readers to these techniques based on x-ray, ultrasonic, optical and thermal principles and demonstrates the potential of the techniques for a wide variety of applications concerning aircraft materials, especially aluminum and titanium alloys. The advantages and disadvantages of various techniques are evaluated.
Book Synopsis Final and interim reports by : William Henry Draper
Download or read book Final and interim reports written by William Henry Draper and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Surface Modification Technologies XIV by : T. S. Sudarshan
Download or read book Surface Modification Technologies XIV written by T. S. Sudarshan and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface Modification Technologies XIV presents the reviewed and edited proceedings of the SMT conference held September 2000, in Paris. The proceedings describe state-of-the-art surface engineering work in thermal spray, high-performance coatings, biomaterials, PVD, CVD, testing, wear resistance, laser-assisted surface modification, corrosion, and other topics. Contents include: Thermal spraying; High performance coatings; Bio materials; Testing and analysis; PVD and CVD; Wear; Laser processing; Corrosion and fatigue; Arts and surfaces; Plasma-assisted and advanced processes; Modeling; and Poster presentations.
Book Synopsis Transmission Electron Microscopy by : C. Barry Carter
Download or read book Transmission Electron Microscopy written by C. Barry Carter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is a companion volume to Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials Science by Williams and Carter. The aim is to extend the discussion of certain topics that are either rapidly changing at this time or that would benefit from more detailed discussion than space allowed in the primary text. World-renowned researchers have contributed chapters in their area of expertise, and the editors have carefully prepared these chapters to provide a uniform tone and treatment for this exciting material. The book features an unparalleled collection of color figures showcasing the quality and variety of chemical data that can be obtained from today’s instruments, as well as key pitfalls to avoid. As with the previous TEM text, each chapter contains two sets of questions, one for self assessment and a second more suitable for homework assignments. Throughout the book, the style follows that of Williams & Carter even when the subject matter becomes challenging—the aim is always to make the topic understandable by first-year graduate students and others who are working in the field of Materials Science Topics covered include sources, in-situ experiments, electron diffraction, Digital Micrograph, waves and holography, focal-series reconstruction and direct methods, STEM and tomography, energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM) imaging, and spectrum imaging. The range and depth of material makes this companion volume essential reading for the budding microscopist and a key reference for practicing researchers using these and related techniques.
Download or read book XAFS for Everyone written by Scott Calvin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: XAFS for Everyone provides a practical, thorough guide to x-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy for both novices and seasoned practitioners from a range of disciplines. The text is enhanced with more than 200 figures as well as cartoon characters who offer informative commentary on the different approaches used in XAFS spectroscopy. The book covers sample preparation, data reduction, tips and tricks for data collection, fingerprinting, linear combination analysis, principal component analysis, and modeling using theoretical standards. It describes both near-edge (XANES) and extended (EXAFS) applications in detail. Examples throughout the text are drawn from diverse areas, including materials science, environmental science, structural biology, catalysis, nanoscience, chemistry, art, and archaeology. In addition, five case studies from the literature demonstrate the use of XAFS principles and analysis in practice. The text includes derivations and sample calculations to foster a deeper comprehension of the results. Whether you are encountering this technique for the first time or looking to hone your craft, this innovative and engaging book gives you insight on implementing XAFS spectroscopy and interpreting XAFS experiments and results. It helps you understand real-world trade-offs and the reasons behind common rules of thumb.
Book Synopsis Mining Technologies Innovative Development by : Dawid Szurgacz
Download or read book Mining Technologies Innovative Development written by Dawid Szurgacz and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-02-17 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book covers the main challenges, important for future prospects of subsoils extraction as a public effective and profitable business, as well as technologically advanced industry. In the near future, the mining industry must overcome the problems of structural changes in raw materials demand and raise the productivity up to the level of high-tech industries to maintain the profits. This means the formation of a comprehensive and integral response to such challenges as the need for innovative modernization of mining equipment and an increase in its reliability, the widespread introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies in the activities of mining enterprises, the transition to "green mining" and the improvement of labor safety and avoidance of man-made accidents. The answer to these challenges is impossible without involving a wide range of scientific community in the publication of research results and exchange of views and ideas. To solve the problem, this book combines the works of researchers from the world's leading centers of mining science on the development of mining machines and mechanical systems, surface and underground geotechnology, mineral processing, digital systems in mining, mine ventilation and labor protection, and geo-ecology. A special place among them is given to post-mining technologies research.
Book Synopsis Superconducting Accelerator Magnets by : K.-H. Mess
Download or read book Superconducting Accelerator Magnets written by K.-H. Mess and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main topic of the book are the superconducting dipole and quadrupole magnets needed in high-energy accelerators and storage rings for protons, antiprotons or heavy ions. The basic principles of low-temperature superconductivity are outlined with special emphasis on the effects which are relevant for accelerator magnets. Properties and fabrication methods of practical superconductors are described. Analytical methods for field calculation and multipole expansion are presented for coils without and with iron yoke. The effect of yoke saturation and geometric distortions on field quality is studied. Persistent magnetization currents in the superconductor and eddy currents the copper part of the cable are analyzed in detail and their influence on field quality and magnet performance is investigated. Superconductor stability, quench origins and propagation and magnet protection are addressed. Some important concepts of accelerator physics are introduced which are needed to appreciate the demanding requirements on field quality in large storage rings. The operational experience with the superconducting HERA collider serves as an illustration. Finally superconducting correction coils and practical construction and fabrication methods of accelerator magnets are discussed. The physical and technical principles described in the book are substantiated with a wealth of experimental data on multipoles, persistent- and eddy-current effects, quench performance and much more.
