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Surface Modified Coals For Enhanced Catalyst Dispersion And Liquefaction Quarterly Report 1996
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Book Synopsis Surface Modified Coals for Enhanced Catalyst Dispersion and Liquefaction. Quarterly Report, 1996 by :
Download or read book Surface Modified Coals for Enhanced Catalyst Dispersion and Liquefaction. Quarterly Report, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this work is to enhance catalyst loading and dispersion in coal for improved liquefaction by preadsorption of surfactants onto coal. The application of surfactants to coal beneficiation and coal-water slurry preparation is well known. However, the effects of surfactants on catalyst loading and dispersion prior to coal conversion processes have not been investigated. The current work is focused on the influence of the cationic surfactant dodecyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, anionic) on the surface properties of a bituminous coal and its molybdenum and iron uptake from solution. In the previous report, it was shown that molybdenum loading onto the coal was enhanced by preadsorption of DDAB. The optimum concentration of this surfactant for effective adsorption of molybdenum at the natural pH of the coal slurry has been determined to be in the 0.1 to 0.25 M range. Preadsorption of SDS onto the coal was found to increase the uptake of iron by the coal; iron loading increased with increase in the concentration of the catalyst precursor. This observation is attributed to the increase in the negative surface charge properties of the coal with increase in the concentration of the surfactant. The results of the study show that DDAB enhances the adsorption of molybdenum whereas SDS is more effective for iron loading onto Illinois No. 6 (DECS-24) coal.
Book Synopsis Surface Modified Coals for Enhanced Catalyst Dispersion and Liquefaction. Semiannual Progress Report, September 1, 1995--February 29, 1996 by :
Download or read book Surface Modified Coals for Enhanced Catalyst Dispersion and Liquefaction. Semiannual Progress Report, September 1, 1995--February 29, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this work is to enhance catalyst loading and dispersion in coal for improved liquefaction by preadsorption of surfactants onto coal. The application of surfactants to coal beneficiation and coal-water slurry preparation is well known. However, the effects of surfactants on catalyst loading and dispersion prior to coal liquefaction have not been investigated. The current work is focused on the influence of the cationic surfactant dodecyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, anionic) on the surface properties of a bituminous coal and its molybdenum uptake from solution. The results show that DDAB created positively charged sites on the coal and increased molybdenum loading compared to the original coal. In contrast, SDS rendered the coal surface negative and reduced molybdenum uptake. The results show that efficient loading of molybdenum catalyst onto coal can be achieved by pretreatment of the coal with dodecyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium bromide.
Book Synopsis Surface Modified Coals for Enhanced Catalyst Dispersion and Liquefaction by : Stacey L. Mayes
Download or read book Surface Modified Coals for Enhanced Catalyst Dispersion and Liquefaction written by Stacey L. Mayes and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Surface Modified Coals for Enhanced Catalyst Dispersion and Liquefaction by :
Download or read book Surface Modified Coals for Enhanced Catalyst Dispersion and Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this study is to enhance catalyst loading and dispersion in coal for improved liquefaction by preadsorption of surfactants and catalysts on to the coal. During this reporting period, liquefaction experiments were conducted with the raw coal and catalyst loaded samples. Pretreatment of the coal and catalyst-loaded samples were done using the surfactants presented in previous reports. Liquefaction samples were tested using 6.6 g of solvent, 3.3 g coal, 6.9 MPa ambient hydrogen pressure, 425 0 C and 30 minutes. The liquid and solid products were removed from the reactor using tetrahydrofuran (THF). Coal conversions were calculated based on THF and heptane solubility. The results showed that in the absence of a catalyst, 33.8% heptane solubles was obtained with the parent coal compared to 27.8% and 27.3% with the SDS and DDAB surfactants. The presence of molybdenum, as expected, resulted in enhanced heptane solubles with or without surfactants. In the absence of surfactants, 50% heptane solubles was obtained compared to 40-47% with surfactants. Thus, it appears that pretreatment, unexpectedly, had a negative effect on liquefaction activity. It is unclear if the observed differences in results are significant. Clearly, additional experiments are needed before any firm deductions and conclusions can be drawn from the results.
Book Synopsis Novel Bimetallic Dispersed Catalysts for Temperature-programmed Coal Liquefaction. Technical Progress Report, April--June 1996 by :
Download or read book Novel Bimetallic Dispersed Catalysts for Temperature-programmed Coal Liquefaction. Technical Progress Report, April--June 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This quarterly report describes our recent work on two related subjects: effect of using organometallic catalyst precursor on hydrodeoxygenation under coal liquefaction conditions, and the effect of mineral matters in liquefaction reactions of coals. Oxygen functionalities, especially phenols, are undesirable components of coal derived liquids. Removal of these compounds from the products of coal liquefaction is required. A beneficial alternative would be the removal of these functionalities, or the prevention of their formation, during the liquefaction process. Organometallic precursors of Co, Ni and Mo have been studied as catalysts. To ascertain the hydrodeoxygenation properties of these catalysts under liquefaction conditions, model compounds were investigated. Anthrone, Dibutylmethyl phenol, dinaphthyl ether and xanthene were studied to provide a comparison of conversions to deoxygenated products. Studies of the deoxygenating abilities of these catalyst precursors in coal liquefaction systems have also been performed. Improvements in conversion and product quality are observed. Both these factors are dependent on the coal used. It is also considered that some mineral matters in coal may have catalytic actions. Demineralization by successive HCl/HF treatments of a low rank coal has demonstrated that removal of the inherent mineral matter imparts no serious detrimental effect upon low temperature liquefaction. It appears that elimination of such species allows for better access for gaseous H2, as suggested by previous studies.
Book Synopsis Advanced Coal Liquefaction. Final Quarterly Report, January 1, 1996--March 31, 1996 by :
Download or read book Advanced Coal Liquefaction. Final Quarterly Report, January 1, 1996--March 31, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal liquid upgrading using compound No. 9, 4-(1-naphthymethyl) bibenzyl, as a model was performed in a catalytic membrane reactor in this quarter. Membrane packed with granular catalyst synthesized from Si-CVD coatedy-Al2O3 was used as a reactor. A control was also performed using the same reactor under a packed-bed operation mode. About 52% conversion of compound No. 9 was obtained in a packed-bed at 400°C and 200 psi. Under a similar operating condition, compound No. 9 was completely decomposed in the catalytic membrane reactor. The results offer the experimental evidence of enhanced upgrading efficiency of upgrading coal liquid using a membrane reactor. A similar study will be duplicated before the end of the contract.
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 9, August 23, 1993--November 22, 1993 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 9, August 23, 1993--November 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyzed two sets of liquefaction experiments, one involved the liquefaction of Black Thunder Coal with the corresponding recycle vehicle, and the second set of liquefaction runs involved the liquefaction of Argonne North Dakota Lignite. We compared coal conversions of Black Thunder coal and recycle solvent using Fe(CO)5 and carbon monoxide/hydrogen atmospheres and a MolyVanL molybdenum catalyst under a hydrogen atmosphere. We also continued our investigation of the effect of water on the conversions. We found that addition of water seemed to decrease the amount of oils; we determined the effect of water with the recycle solvent alone, (no coal added) under similar conditions, and again produced a decrease in oil yields. FIMS analyses of the hexane and toluene soluble fractions seem to indicate that in the experiment when water was added, a considerable amount of light material remained behind in the toluene layer, suggesting that somehow the addition of water decreased the amount of extracted material, perhaps by increasing the amount of polarity of the product. When the conversion was conducted with the MolyVanL molybdenum catalyst a good quality product in terms of lower viscosity was produced; however, conversions to THF soluble material was not increased. We believe the molybdenum catalyst hydrogenated the recycle vehicle rather than effectively converted the coal. In order to eliminate the effect of solvent we have often conducted experiments in an inert solvent with Argonne coals. We conducted several coal conversions experiments using an Argonne North Dakota lignite. We compared several dispersed Fe catalysts and in addition, a nickel catalyst. We investigated nickel as a catalyst since we believe this metal may be more effective in decarboxylating low rank coals. Consistent with this premise we found that the nickel catalyst gave the highest conversions.
Book Synopsis Novel Bimetallic Dispersed Catalysts for Temperature-programmed Coal Liquefaction. Technical Progress Report, July--September 1996 by :
Download or read book Novel Bimetallic Dispersed Catalysts for Temperature-programmed Coal Liquefaction. Technical Progress Report, July--September 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This quarterly report describes recent work on two related subjects: (1) effect of dispersed molybdenum catalyst precursor and the influence of water addition on C-O bond cleavage, aromatic hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation under coal liquefaction conditions, and (2) the effect of dispersed molybdenum catalyst precursor on the molecular weight reduction and desulfurization of petroleum resids related to coal/petroleum resids coprocessing. Technical progress on the C-O bond cleavage of 2,2(prime)-dinaphthyl ether and high temperature simulated distillation GC and HDS study on catalytic upgrading of atmospheric and vacuum resids.
Book Synopsis Advanced Coal Liquefaction. Final Quarterly Report, April 1, 1996--June 30, 1996 by :
Download or read book Advanced Coal Liquefaction. Final Quarterly Report, April 1, 1996--June 30, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular level liquid phase separations were explored using modified microporous ceramic membrane with pore size reduced from 40Å via chemical vapor deposition. At room temperature, membranes with pore sizes 30Å were sufficient to achieve97% rejection of Naphthyl-bibenzyl-methane (NBBM) from toluene, which was primarily attributed to size exclusion due to hindered diffusion. The rejection diminishes dramatically as the temperature is increased. At 400°C, very small pore sizes are required to separate NBBM from tetralin. In addition to size based separation, active transport at the surface of the membrane was observed at appropriate pore sizes. Also, it was found that the rejection increases along with the transmembrane pressure, probably attributed to the pore size distribution of the membrane. The smaller pore sizes become accessible to the solvent at the higher pressure. Decomposition of NBBM took place at 400°C in a modified membrane packed with the catalyst synthesized using the similar protocol as membranes. The separation property of this membrane at 400°C was analyzed indirectly based upon the reaction product distribution.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fragmentation of Coal and Improved Dispersion of Liquefaction Catalysts Using Ionic Liquids by : Ruveyda Cetiner
Download or read book Fragmentation of Coal and Improved Dispersion of Liquefaction Catalysts Using Ionic Liquids written by Ruveyda Cetiner and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Supported Catalysts and Their Applications by : David C Sherrington
Download or read book Supported Catalysts and Their Applications written by David C Sherrington and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to improve both the efficiency and environmental acceptability of industrial processes is driving the development of heterogeneous catalysts across the chemical industry, including commodity, specialty and fine chemicals and in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Drawing on international research, Supported Catalysts and their Applications discusses aspects of the design, synthesis and application of solid supported reagents and catalysts, including supported reagents for multi-step organic synthesis; selectivity in oxidation catalysis; mesoporous molecular sieve catalysts; and the use of Zeolite Beta in organic reactions. In addition, the two discrete areas of heterogeneous catalysis (inorganic oxide materials and polymer-based catalysts) that were developing in parallel are now shown to be converging, which will be of great benefit to the whole field. Providing a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in this fast-moving field, this book will be welcomed by industrialists and researchers, particularly in the agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals industries.
Book Synopsis Process and Chemical Engineering by :
Download or read book Process and Chemical Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plasma Catalysis by : Annemie Bogaerts
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
