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Surface Charge Mediated Interactions And Transport Of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles In The Normal And Diseased Kidney
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Book Synopsis Surface Charge-mediated Interactions and Transport of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles in the Normal and Diseased Kidney by : Yingyu Huang
Download or read book Surface Charge-mediated Interactions and Transport of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles in the Normal and Diseased Kidney written by Yingyu Huang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental understanding of the interactions and transport of nanoparticles in the normal and diseased kidney will provide a foundation for engineering the next generation of renal nanomedicine. Meanwhile, it can also provide insights to the renal physiology and the pathophysiology of renal diseases. To gain such a fundamental understanding requires us to correlate the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles with their interactions and transport in different renal segments at the tissue and the cellular levels. While the size-dependent intrarenal interaction and transport of nanoparticles has been well demonstrated over the past decades, how surface charge of nanoparticles can impact their interaction and transport in different renal segments remains less understood. This dissertation aims to unravel the surface charge-mediated interactions and transport of nanoparticles in the normal and diseased kidney. Chapter 1 of this dissertation reviews the current understanding of the interactions and transport of nanoparticles in different renal segments as well as the pathophysiology of different renal diseases associated to different renal segments. Chapter 2 describes the surface charge-mediated nano-bio interactions of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles in the normal kidneys at the tissue and the cellular levels in relation to the surface charge species and the spatial configuration of the terminal charge groups. Chapter 3 emphasizes on the correlation between the in vivo transport profiles and the intrarenal interactions of renal-clearable gold nanoparticles with different surface charge in both the normal and diseased kidney. Lastly, chapter 4 presents the summary and outlook. In this dissertation, we provide a clear picture of the surface charge-mediated interactions and transport of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles in the normal and diseased kidney at the tissue and the cellular levels. We believe this work can contribute to the design of renal nanomedicine for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases and advance our fundamental understanding of the renal physiology and the pathophysiology of renal diseases.
Book Synopsis Interactions of Renal Clearable Gold Nanoparticles with the Kidneys in Vitro and in Vivo by : Jing Xu
Download or read book Interactions of Renal Clearable Gold Nanoparticles with the Kidneys in Vitro and in Vivo written by Jing Xu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of renal clearable inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) offers a great opportunity to address the health concern raised by nonspecific accumulation of conventional inorganic NPs in the macrophage system, mostly in the liver and spleen. In recent decades, we have dedicated a remarkable amount of research in developing renal clearable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and investigating their biointeractions. Our group discovered that glutathione-coated renal clearable AuNPs (GS-AuNPs) can be efficiently excreted through the urinary system resulting in significantly reduced accumulation in the liver and spleen. By integrating the near-infrared fluorescence, GS-AuNPs can sensitively probe kidney clearance kinetics and indicate renal dysfunction. Future clinical translation requires a fundamental understanding of nano-bio interactions in the kidneys and the biocompatibility of GS-AuNPs. In this dissertation, Chapter 1 covers the status of renal clearable inorganic NPs and the current understanding of their biointeractions in the kidneys. Chapter 2 describes using X-ray imaging to visualize the transport of GS-AuNPs in the kidney components under both normal and pathological conditions. The unique deposition of GS-AuNPs in the diseased kidney offers a great chance to diagnose renal injury noninvasively. Chapter 3 focuses on the blood transport and biocompatibility of GS-AuNPs. The dose effect on the blood transport and renal clearance efficiency of GS-AuNPs is unraveled which results in high biocompatibility. Chapter 4 describes an in vitro study on the surface-ligand-density effect on interactions between GS-AuNPs and human kidney proximal tubular cells. The results demonstrate precise responses of proximal tubular cells to GS-AuNPs with different ligand densities in membrane affinity, cytotoxicity and the mechanism of cell death. Finally, a summary of the obtained understanding and future perspective are presented in Chapter 5.
Book Synopsis Gold Nanoparticles by : Valerio Voliani
Download or read book Gold Nanoparticles written by Valerio Voliani and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-04-20 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gold nanoparticles provide a platform for the development of new and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic tools.This book offers a general guide to the synthesis and coating of gold nanoparticles. It describes the links between optical features and geometries of gold nanoparticles and provides a readily comprehensible connection in all the chapters between the geometry of gold nanoparticles and their final applications.
Book Synopsis Gold Nanoparticles For Physics, Chemistry And Biology (Second Edition) by : Catherine Louis
Download or read book Gold Nanoparticles For Physics, Chemistry And Biology (Second Edition) written by Catherine Louis and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-06-02 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gold Nanoparticles for Physics, Chemistry and Biology offers an overview of recent research into gold nanoparticles, covering their discovery, usage and contemporary practical applications.This Second Edition begins with a history of over 2000 years of the use of gold nanoparticles, with a review of the specific properties which make gold unique. Updated chapters include gold nanoparticle preparation methods, their plasmon resonance and thermo-optical properties, their catalytic properties and their future technological applications. New chapters have been included, and reveal the growing impact of plasmonics in research, with an introduction to quantum plasmonics, plasmon assisted catalysis and electro-photon conversion. The growing field of nanoparticles for health is also addressed with a study of gold nanoparticles as radiosensibiliser for radiotherapy, and of gold nanoparticle functionalisation. This new edition also considers the relevance of bimetallic nanoparticles for specific applications.World-class scientists provide the most up-to-date findings for an introduction to gold nanoparticles within the related areas of chemistry, biology, material science, optics and physics. It is perfectly suited to advanced level students and researchers looking to enhance their knowledge in the study of gold nanoparticles.
Book Synopsis Update on Gold Nanoparticles by : Valerio Voliani
Download or read book Update on Gold Nanoparticles written by Valerio Voliani and published by Smithers Rapra. This book was released on 2013-01-29 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, gold nanoparticles have provided a suitable platform for the development of novel and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic tools, which avoid the typical drawbacks of the old systems. They are biocompatible and they can be easily synthesised, encapsulated and functionalised with (bio)molecules. Nanoparticles produced by a wet chemistry synthesis have the geometry, which enables the complete control of their optical and physical properties. It is also possible to influence the targeting and stability/release behaviour by coating the nanoparticle surface. In this Update the reader can find in a single volume the methods used most often for the synthesis and coating of gold nanoparticles (spheres, cages, cubes, rods), the links between optical features and geometries of gold nanoparticles, and the novel applications in nanomedicine of gold nanoparticles determined by their geometry. One of the main objectives of this Update is to provide, a readily comprehensible connection in all the chapters between the geometry of gold nanoparticles and their final applications. Another target of this book is to provide information about efficient processes for the synthesis and the coating of gold nanoparticles, all of which have been directly tested by the author. This Update offers comprehensive information on the whole topic from the synthesis of the gold nanoparticles to their medical applications; this is accompanied by a complete and recent bibliography, in order to give to the readers the opportunity to research further the topics addressed in the book. In this way, students and researchers from academia and industry can have a complete picture of gold nanostructures, physicians and biologists can develop ideas and applications for the new nano-tools, and chemists can have a general guide to the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. This is a state-of-the-art guide for the synthesis and uses of gold nanoparticles.
Book Synopsis Assemblies of Gold Nanoparticles at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces by : Evgeny Smirnov
Download or read book Assemblies of Gold Nanoparticles at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces written by Evgeny Smirnov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to various aspects of self-assembly of gold nanoparticles at liquid-liquid interfaces and investigation of their properties. It covers primarily two large fields: (i) self-assembly of nanoparticles and optical properties of these assemblies; and (ii) the role of nanoparticles in redox electrocatalysis at liquid-liquid interfaces. The first part aroused from a long-lasting idea to manipulate adsorption of nanoparticles at liquid-liquid with an external electric field to form 'smart' mirrors and/or filters. Therefore, Chapters 3 to 5 are dedicated to explore fundamental aspects of charged nanoparticles self-assembly and to investigate optical properties (extinction and reflectance) in a through manner. Novel tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-assisted method leads to self-assembly of nanoparticles into cm-scale nanofilms or, so-called, metal liquid-like droplets (MeLLDs) with remarkable optical properties. The second part (Chapters 6 to 8) clarifies the role of nanoparticles in interfacial electron transfer reactions. They demonstrate how nanoparticles are charged and discharged upon equilibration of Fermi levels with redox couples in solution and how it can be used to perform HER and ORR. Finally, Chapter 9 gives a perspective outlook, including applications of suggested methods in fast, one-step preparation of colloidosomes, SERS substrates as well as pioneer studies on so-called Marangony-type shutters drive by the electric field.
Download or read book Gold Nanoparticles written by P. E. Chow and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to their attractive electronic, optical, and thermal properties; gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged with great interest, as well as catalytic properties, in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, material science and some interdisciplinary fields. This book examines a broad range of applications of gold nanoparticles such as: gold nanoparticles as an antigen carrier and as an adjuvant; laser synthesis of gold nanoparticles and the control over their properties; gold on carbon catalysts; gold nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle in biomedical applications; solution and solid-state methods to prepare Au nanoparticles; gold nanoparticles and their in-vitro property, the usefulness of gold nanoparticles in emerging infectious disease situations and a host of others.
Book Synopsis Renal-clearable Gold Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery Systems by : Chuanqi Peng
Download or read book Renal-clearable Gold Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery Systems written by Chuanqi Peng and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated unprecedented physiological understandings and versatile biomedical applications. However, clinical translation of cancer nanomedicines remains slow due to limited tumor targeting but elevated body retention of off-target therapeutics. With decreased size and surface passivation, the engineered, ultrasmall NPs have shown not only efficient body elimination through renal pathway, but also high targeting efficiency to the disease tissues as tumors. Therefore, such renal-clearable NPs could possibly address the many challenges faced by non-renal-clearable nanocarriers, once the efficient and stable drug loading as well as systematic physiological understandings of such ultrasmall delivery systems were achieved. In Chapter 1, we prepared the delivery vector by using the renal-clearable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with high tumor targeting efficiency. By rational design and modification, we firstly loaded the widely used anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), on the renal-clearable AuNPs at high loading capacity, and then investigated the physiological stability, drug release and in vitro cytotoxicity studies. In addition, this ultrasmall AuNPs can also load many other small-molecule therapeutic or imaging agents as well as small-interfering RNAs for gene therapy. In Chapter 2 and 3, we systematically investigated blood circulation, tumor targeting, intratumoral transport, as well as body elimination of the renal-clearable 5-nm AuNP-based drug delivery system (DDS). The renal-clearable DDS not only significantly enhanced delivery efficiency and intratumoral transport of drug but also accelerated the renal clearance and body elimination of offtarget drug compared to both free drug (DOX) and the non-renal-clearable 30-nm DDS. As a result, the therapeutic index was improved by both enhanced efficacy and safety. In Chapter 4, we investigated the targeting and imaging of poorly permeable brain tumors (gliomas) by using the renal-clearable zwitterionic 3-nm AuNPs. The renal-clearable AuNPs increased tumor targeting efficiency and specificity compared to non-renal-clearable 18-nm counterpart. The effective NP penetration in brain tumorssuggeststhat renal-clearable AuNPs may achieve early brain tumor detection once integrated with nuclear imaging techniques used in the clinics. In Chapter 5, we investigated the ligand-directed in situ growth of AuNPs in biological tissues and the possible biological interaction of biomolecules. The results indicate that the ligand-directed AuNP growth can serve as a novel tool for tissue imaging via nanoparticle labeling with multimodality and multi-scale characterization. Herein, we not only report the design and practice of renal-clearable AuNP-based DDS as well as tissue targeting and imaging with AuNPs, we also conclude the outlook and future work for the renal-clearable AuNPs. We believe the renal-clearable AuNPs can shift the paradigm in drug delivery and expedite the clinical translation of cancer nanomedicines once some critical challenges are further addressed in the near future.
Book Synopsis Gold Nanoparticles by : Abagail Jarnagin
Download or read book Gold Nanoparticles written by Abagail Jarnagin and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the synthesis, optical properties and applications for cancer treatment of gold nanoparticles. Topics discussed include the use of gold nanoparticles in cancer treatment and biomedical applications to target tumors and provide detection, drug carriers, gene silencing and radiotherapy; gold nanoparticle fabrication by laser ablation technique and their optical and morphological study; gold nanoparticles for metabolite imaging; formation of gold nanoparticles inside the corona of amphiphilic triblock copolymer micelles; and the intracellular delivery of gold nanoparticles and their application in nanomedicine.
Book Synopsis Ultra-small Gold Nanoparticles by Galvanic Replacement of Larger Silver Nanoparticles by : Chang-Ting Lin
Download or read book Ultra-small Gold Nanoparticles by Galvanic Replacement of Larger Silver Nanoparticles written by Chang-Ting Lin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two decades, Au nanoparticles have been extensively explored for their biomedical applications, which is mainly driven by their biocompatibility and special optical properties known as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. A variety of Au nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes have been synthesized and tested both in vitro and in vivo. For in vivo applications, it is usually required that Au nanoparticles can be cleared through urine (renal clearance). Renal clearance is determined by several factors of Au nanoparticles, including size, shape and surface modification.In this thesis, for the purpose of using Au nanoparticles as carriers to carry radioactive isotopes such as Cu-64 or Pd-103 into human body for cancer imaging and treatment, we developed a process to synthesize, functionalize and be labelled with Cu of ultra small Au nanoparticles. We developed an easy and fast way to synthesize ultra small Au nanoparticles with an average diameter less than 5 nm using galvanic replacement reaction to replace spherical Ag nanoparticles with Au chloroaurate. This synthesis process can be completed within an hour at room temperature. To ensure the renal clearance property, Au nanoparticles with size less than 2 nm have been successfully isolated from synthesized Au nanoparticles.The renal clearance of the nanoparticles are also strongly related to the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles. The Ag nanoparticles we used for the synthesis of Au nanoparticles have polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coating on the surface. PVP is not an ideal surface coating for renal clearance. Therefore, we first introduced a simple way to remove the PVP coating by washing the particles with acetone. Then the surface of the Au nanoparticles was functionalized with glutathione which has been proven to be a good surface coating for renal clearance.In addition, we have incorporated Cu on to the surface of these Au nanoparticles using the electroless deposition process, creating a protocol for the radiolabeling of Au nanoparticles.
Book Synopsis Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications by : Lev Dykman
Download or read book Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications written by Lev Dykman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses fabrication of functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and multifunctional nanocomposites, their optical properties, and applications in biological studies. This is the very first book of its kind to comprehensively discuss published data on in vitro and in vivo biodistribution, toxicity, and uptake of GNP by mammalian cells providing a systematization of data over the GNP types and parameters, their surface functionalization, animal and cell models. As distinct from other related books, Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications discusses the immunological properties of GNPs and summarizes their applications as an antigen carrier and adjuvant in immunization for the preparation of antibodies in vivo. Although the potential of GNPs in nanobiotechnology has been recognized for the past decade, new insights into the unique properties of multifunctional nanostructures have recently emerged. With these developments in mind, this book unites ground breaking experimental data with a discussion of hybrid nanoparticle systems that combine different nanomaterials to create multifunctional structures. These novel hybrids constitute the material basis of theranostics, bringing together the advanced properties of functionalized GNPs and composites into a single multifunctional nanostructure with simultaneous diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Such nanohybrids can be physically and chemically tailored for a particular organ, disease, and patient thus making personalized medicine available.
Book Synopsis Interactions of Organothiols with Gold Nanoparticles in Water by : Mohamed Siyam Mohamed Ansar
Download or read book Interactions of Organothiols with Gold Nanoparticles in Water written by Mohamed Siyam Mohamed Ansar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-assembly of organothiols (OTs) and thiolated biomolecules onto gold nanoparticle (AuNP) surfaces remains one of the most intense areas of nanoscience research and understanding molecular interfacial phenomena is crucial. Investigation of OT adsorption onto AuNPs, including OT structure and orientation on nanoparticle surfaces, is of fundamental importance in understanding the structure and function relationship of functionalized nanoparticles. Despite the great importance of the interfacial interaction of AuNPs, the exact mechanism of OT interactions with AuNPs has remained unclear and quantitative investigation of OT adsorption has been very limited. The research reported here focused on developing a fundamental and quantitative understanding of OT interactions with AuNPs in water. In studies of OT interactions with AuNPs in water, we found that the OTs form an adsorbed monolayer on AuNPs by releasing the sulfur-bound hydrogen as a proton and acidifying the ligand binding solution. The pH measurements suggest that there is a substantial fraction (up to 45%) of the protons derived from the surface adsorbed OTs retained close to the gold surface, presumably as the counter-ion to the negatively- charged, thiolate-covered AuNPs. Charge-transfer between the surface-adsorbed thiolate and the AuNPs is demonstrated by the quenching of the OT UV-vis absorption when the OTs are adsorbed onto the AuNPs. Using a combination of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), density function calculations, and normal Raman spectroscopy, the pH dependence of mercaptobenzimadazole (MBI) adsorption onto AuNPs was systematically studied. By using the ratiometric SERS ligand quantification technique, MBI adsorption isotherms were constructed at three different pHs (1.4, 7.9, and 12.5). The Langmuir isotherms indicate that MBI thione has a higher saturation packing density (∼631 pmol/cm2) than MBI thiolate (∼568 pmol/cm2), but its binding constant (2.14 × 106 M-1) is about five times smaller than the latter (10.12 × 106 M-1). The work described in this dissertation provides a series of new insights into AuNP-OT interaction, and structure and properties of OTs on AuNPs.
Book Synopsis Micro-Raman Spectroscopy by : Jürgen Popp
Download or read book Micro-Raman Spectroscopy written by Jürgen Popp and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-02-10 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro-Raman Spectroscopy introduces readers to the theory and application of Raman microscopy. Raman microscopy is used to study the chemical signature of samples with little preperation in a non-destructive manner. An easy to use technique with ever increasing technological advances, Micro-Raman has significant application for researchers in the fields of materials science, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and chemistry.
Book Synopsis Unraveling the Safety Profile of Nanoscale Particles and Materials by : Andreia Ferreira de Castro Gomes
Download or read book Unraveling the Safety Profile of Nanoscale Particles and Materials written by Andreia Ferreira de Castro Gomes and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As nanomaterials become increasingly present in our daily lives, pertinent questions regarding their safety arise. Nanomaterial risk assessment, as in other areas, directs much of the effort worldwide in defining guidelines that may be translated into national or international directives. Nanomaterials encompass different entities, from nanoparticles to nanostructured materials, with specific effects over cells, tissues, organisms and ecosystems depending on their biophysical characteristics. Such interactions will directly affect the impact of novel nanotechnologies. This book aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in nanotoxicology, featuring the most important developments and critical issues regarding the use of and exposure to nanoparticles.
Book Synopsis Metal Nanoparticles in Microbiology by : Mahendra Rai
Download or read book Metal Nanoparticles in Microbiology written by Mahendra Rai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following an introduction to biogenic metal nanoparticles, this book presents how they can be biosynthesized using bacteria, fungi and yeast, as well as their potential applications in biomedicine. It is shown that the synthesis of nanoparticles using microbes is eco-friendly and results in reproducible metal nanoparticles of well-defined sizes, shapes and structures. This biotechnological approach based on the process of biomineralization exploits the effectiveness and flexibility of biological systems. Chapters include practical protocols for microbial synthesis of nanoparticles and microbial screening methods for isolating a specific nanoparticle producer as well as reviews on process optimization, industrial scale production, biomolecule-nanoparticle interactions, magnetosomes, silver nanoparticles and their numerous applications in medicine, and the application of gold nanoparticles in developing sensitive biosensors.
Book Synopsis Polymer Nanoparticles for Nanomedicines by : Christine Vauthier
Download or read book Polymer Nanoparticles for Nanomedicines written by Christine Vauthier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-07 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume serves as a valuable handbook for the development of nanomedicines made of polymer nanoparticles because it provides researchers, students, and entrepreneurs with all the material necessary to begin their own projects in this field. Readers will find protocols to prepare polymer nanoparticles using different methods, since these are based on the variety of experiences that experts encounter in the field. In addition, complex topics such as, the optimal characterization of polymer nanoparticles is discussed, as well as practical guidelines on how to formulate polymer nanoparticles into nanomedicines, and how to modify the properties of nanoparticles to give them the different functionalities required to become an efficient nanomedicine for different clinical applications. The book also discusses the translation of technology from research to practice, considering aspects related to industrialization of preparation and aspects of regulatory and clinical development.
Book Synopsis Public Health Effectiveness of the FDA 510(k) Clearance Process by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Public Health Effectiveness of the FDA 510(k) Clearance Process written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-10 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for ensuring that medical devices are safe and effective before they go on the market. Section 510(k) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act requires a manufacturer of medical devices to notify FDA of its intent to market a medical device at least 90 days in advance. That window of time allows FDA to evaluate whether the device is substantially equivalent to a product already legally on the market (called a predicate), in which case the device does not need to go through the premarket approval (PMA) process. As part of its assessment of the FDA's premarket clearance process for medical devices, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) held a workshop on July 28, 2010 to discuss how medical devices are monitored for safety after they are available to consumers. Its primary focus was on monitoring the safety of marketed medical devices, including FDA's postmarket surveillance activities, analysis of safety concerns that resulted in medical device recalls, and non-FDA sources of adverse-event information. Public Health Effectiveness of the FDA 501(K) Clearance Process summarizes the views of the workshop participants.
