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Successful Maternal Recognition Of Pregnancy
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Book Synopsis Papers from a Symposium on "Successful Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy, Signalling Between the Conceptus and the Maternal System by : National Science Foundation (U.S.)
Download or read book Papers from a Symposium on "Successful Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy, Signalling Between the Conceptus and the Maternal System written by National Science Foundation (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Successful Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy by :
Download or read book Successful Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Papers from a Symposium on "Successful Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy, Signalling Between the Conceptus and the Maternal System by :
Download or read book Papers from a Symposium on "Successful Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy, Signalling Between the Conceptus and the Maternal System written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy by : Julie Whelan
Download or read book Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy written by Julie Whelan and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Papers from a Symposium on 'Successful Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy: Signalling Between the Conceptus and the Maternal System' by :
Download or read book Papers from a Symposium on 'Successful Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy: Signalling Between the Conceptus and the Maternal System' written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regulation of Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Mammals by : Rodney D. Geisert
Download or read book Regulation of Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Mammals written by Rodney D. Geisert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-08 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades technological advances in transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and glycomics along with the ability to selectively knockout genes of interest has greatly advanced our understanding of maternal-conceptus interactions that are essential for the establishment and maintenance of a successful pregnancy. This knowledge provides a foundation from which to build research endeavors to help resolve infertility, embryonic loss and recurrent abortion in humans, captive wild animals and important farm species. The present volume on “Regulation of Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Mammals” brings together current reviews from leading experts to address the diversity of mechanisms by which species establish and maintain pregnancy. Implantation in rodents, dogs, pigs, cattle, sheep, horses, primates, humans and embryonic diapause in wild species are discussed. Reviews will provide current knowledge on the role of endometrial steroid receptors, adhesion factors, cytokines, interferons, steroids, prostaglandins, growth factors and immune cells involved with regulation of conceptus development.
Book Synopsis Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in the Mare by : Tom Arjun Edgar Stout
Download or read book Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in the Mare written by Tom Arjun Edgar Stout and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Endocrinology of Pregnancy by : Fuller W. Bazer
Download or read book Endocrinology of Pregnancy written by Fuller W. Bazer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, cutting-edge review of the complex interactions between maternal and fetal-placental tissues that control the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, the proper development of the fetus, the birth process, and the behavioral aspects of bonding between mother and newborn. Expert researchers review the endocrine and physiological events that culminate in the delivery of offspring, and provide a solid base of comparative information on the menstrual cycle of primates, including humans. They also discuss the sources and functions of both steroid and protein hormones from the placenta and the details of their effects on uterine function, placental development, fetal growth and well-being, and maternal responses to pregnancy. This book will become the standard reference source not only for reproductive scientists, but also for those clinicians who want better to understand the complex factors that affect pregnancy-and their pregnant patients.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309669820 Total Pages :369 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (96 download)
Book Synopsis Birth Settings in America by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Birth Settings in America written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The delivery of high quality and equitable care for both mothers and newborns is complex and requires efforts across many sectors. The United States spends more on childbirth than any other country in the world, yet outcomes are worse than other high-resource countries, and even worse for Black and Native American women. There are a variety of factors that influence childbirth, including social determinants such as income, educational levels, access to care, financing, transportation, structural racism and geographic variability in birth settings. It is important to reevaluate the United States' approach to maternal and newborn care through the lens of these factors across multiple disciplines. Birth Settings in America: Outcomes, Quality, Access, and Choice reviews and evaluates maternal and newborn care in the United States, the epidemiology of social and clinical risks in pregnancy and childbirth, birth settings research, and access to and choice of birth settings.
Book Synopsis Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy by : Julie Whelan
Download or read book Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy written by Julie Whelan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.
Book Synopsis Reducing Birth Defects by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Reducing Birth Defects written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-10-27 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year more than 4 million children are born with birth defects. This book highlights the unprecedented opportunity to improve the lives of children and families in developing countries by preventing some birth defects and reducing the consequences of others. A number of developing countries with more comprehensive health care systems are making significant progress in the prevention and care of birth defects. In many other developing countries, however, policymakers have limited knowledge of the negative impact of birth defects and are largely unaware of the affordable and effective interventions available to reduce the impact of certain conditions. Reducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World includes descriptions of successful programs and presents a plan of action to address critical gaps in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of birth defects in developing countries. This study also recommends capacity building, priority research, and institutional and global efforts to reduce the incidence and impact of birth defects in developing countries.
Book Synopsis Bovine Reproduction by : Richard M. Hopper
Download or read book Bovine Reproduction written by Richard M. Hopper and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 2206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine Reproduction is a comprehensive, current reference providing information on all aspects of reproduction in the bull and cow. Offering fundamental knowledge on evaluating and restoring fertility in the bovine patient, the book also places information in the context of herd health where appropriate for a truly global view of bovine theriogenology. Printed in full color throughout, the book includes 83 chapters and more than 550 images, making it the most exhaustive reference available on this topic. Each section covers anatomy and physiology, breeding management, and reproductive surgery, as well as obstetrics and pregnancy wastage in the cow. Bovine Reproduction is a welcome resource for bovine practitioners, theriogenologists, and animal scientists, as well as veterinary students and residents with an interest in the cow.
Book Synopsis Immunological and Endometrial Changes of Early Pregnancy in Dairy Cattle by : Maria Da Silva
Download or read book Immunological and Endometrial Changes of Early Pregnancy in Dairy Cattle written by Maria Da Silva and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in bovine reproduction is crucial for enhancing fertility, efficiency, and sustainability in dairy production. Despite progress in breeding practices and herd health management, a significant number of bovine embryos do not survive past the first month of pregnancy. Factors like the immune system play a critical role in protecting against pathogens and tolerating the semiallogeneic embryo. Immune cells also mediate endometrial tissue remodeling and homeostasis during successful reproduction. However, little is known about immunological and endometrial changes during early pregnancy. To support pregnancy, the early conceptus secretes crucial proteins, including interferon tau (IFNT) that maintains the corpus luteum. Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are another group of conceptus molecules abundantly secreted from the time of conceptus attachment until parturition, but their specific function remains unknown. In our first study (Chapter 2), we analyzed the transcriptome of the endometrium and blood leukocytes in cyclic heifers treated in vivo with intrauterine infusions of IFNT and PAG. IFNT activated interferon response, immune activation, inflammation, and cell death pathways in the endometrium, while downregulating genes related to vesicle transport and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Prolonged IFNT altered genes linked to cell invasion, retinoic acid (RA) signaling, and embryo implantation. In peripheral blood, PAG stimulated genes involved in leukocyte differentiation and TGFB signaling but had limited effects on endometrial genes. These findings shed light on how conceptus secretions impact endometrial and immune function during maternal recognition of pregnancy and embryo attachment/implantation. Shortly after attachment/implantation, the endometrium undergoes vascular remodeling to establish the maternal placenta. Adequate blood flow and vascular development are essential for successful embryo implantation, nutrient exchange, and overall fetal development. In the second study (Chapter 3), expression of HIF1A, AHR, and angiogenic factors were characterized in the cyclic and pregnant endometrium at the time of attachment/implantation. Contrary to our hypothesis, the expression of HIF1A, AHR, and angiogenic factors remains low during the attachment/implantation period. Moreover, our results suggest that IFNT may exert a suppressive effect on the expression of molecules of HIF signaling. Understanding the timing and mechanisms governing blood vessel growth, structure, and function in the placenta is crucial for the prevention of placental disorders that impact embryonic health and survival. Although the uterine environment undergoes major immunological adaptations to accommodate the developing embryo, the peripheral immune system is not isolated from pregnancy changes. Hormonal and metabolic signals associated with pregnancy have systemic effects on the immune response in the blood and extrauterine organs. It is generally accepted that systemic immunity must balance tolerance to the developing embryo while also remaining vigilant in eliminating pathogens and threats to pregnancy health. Understanding this delicate immunological balance can support efforts in the prevention of pregnancy loss and complications. In the third study (Chapter 4), we characterized changes in circulating leukocytes during early pregnancy and investigated peripheral immunity differences between lactating cows and heifers. In the first experiments, heifers and cows were studied separately, revealing both similarities and differences in the phenotype of blood leukocytes in response to early pregnancy. In the final experiment, we simultaneously compared samples from heifers and cows, and the results indicated that cows exhibited greater expression of proinflammatory cytokines and molecules associated with leukocyte migration and phagocytosis compared to heifers. Moreover, animals that failed to become pregnant showed altered expression of anti-inflammatory molecules compared to pregnant and cyclic animals. Overall, these findings support the notion that immune responses to early pregnancy differ in heifers and cows, which may contribute to the reduced fertility observed in lactating cows. During our experiments with PBL, we observed that some heifers experienced luteolysis between days 16 and 17 of the estrous cycle, while cows experienced it after day 18. Progesterone primarily regulates cell function via the nuclear progesterone receptor (PGR) and can also signal through membrane-associated receptors of the PAQR and PGRMC family. In cattle, progesterone secretion remains elevated throughout pregnancy, but there is conflicting evidence regarding the presence of PGR in leukocytes of both cattle and humans. In our last study (Chapter 5), we aimed to determine the expression of progesterone and estradiol receptors in bovine peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and if their expression was affected by reproductive status, parity, or the day of pregnancy. We also investigated the correlation between steroid hormone concentrations in plasma and the phenotype of blood leukocytes. The results revealed that bovine leukocytes lack PGR during early and mid-pregnancy but express nuclear ESR and membrane PGR (mPGR). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between plasma estradiol and a negative correlation of plasma progesterone with changes in the proportion of myeloid cells and the expression of molecules involved in leukocyte migration during proestrus. Contrary to some published literature, these findings suggest that bovine PBL do not express PGR, and instead, mPGR of the PAQR and PGRMC family may mediate progesterone effects on leukocyte function. In summary, the findings presented in this dissertation have expanded our understanding in several areas: (1) the effects of IFNT and PAG on gene expression in the endometrium and circulating leukocytes, (2) the expression of angiogenic factors in the uterus, (3) the peripheral immune response to early pregnancy in heifers and lactating cows, and (4) the expression of progesterone receptors in immune cells. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that uterine and peripheral immunity is regulated by conceptus and maternal signals to facilitate the establishment of successful pregnancies. The insights gained from this research can help identify immunological factors associated with embryo loss and offer valuable perspectives on the application of strategies to enhance fertility in dairy cattle, other domestic species, and potentially even in humans.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) by : Robert Black
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.
Book Synopsis Maternal Critical Care by : Marc van de Velde
Download or read book Maternal Critical Care written by Marc van de Velde and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses the challenges of managing critically ill obstetric patients, with chapters authored by intensivists/anesthesiologists and obstetricians/maternal-fetal medicine specialists.
Book Synopsis Placental Bed Disorders by : Robert Pijnenborg
Download or read book Placental Bed Disorders written by Robert Pijnenborg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-03 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now recognized that defective placentation in the human is a cause of many pregnancy complications, such as spontaneous abortion, preterm labor and delivery, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal death and abruptio placenta. These clinical disorders can often have long-term consequences into adulthood, causing cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes for the newborn as well as an increased risk of premature death in the mother. This is the first book to be entirely focused on the placental bed, bringing together the results of basic and clinical research in cell biology, immunology, endocrinology, pathology, genetics and imaging to consolidate in a single, informative source for investigators and clinicians. Its core aim is to explore new approaches and improve current clinical practice. This is essential reading for clinicians in obstetric, cardiovascular and reproductive medicine.
Book Synopsis Utero-ovarian Relationships During Establishment and Maintenance of Pregnancy in Lactating Dairy Cows by :
Download or read book Utero-ovarian Relationships During Establishment and Maintenance of Pregnancy in Lactating Dairy Cows written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reproductive cycles represent continued opportunities for the cow to become pregnant, and are determined by physiological events such as growth of follicular waves, development of an ovulatory follicle, ovulation, and corpus luteum (CL) development and CL regression (luteolysis). Complete luteolysis is necessary to have optimal conditions for fertilization, whereas during early pregnancy the embryo prevents luteolysis by release of interferon-tau (INFT) and prostaglandins E. After successful maintenance of the pregnancy past the critical period there are a number of pregnancies that fail, indicating the existence of additional periods which are susceptible to pregnancy loss and/or luteolysis that have not been explored. Both luteolysis and prevention of luteolysis involve local pathways of communication between the uterus and the ovary. This thesis studies the utero-ovarian relationships during the period of luteal regression preceding the insemination, the period of maternal recognition of pregnancy, and the period of potential pregnancy loss thereafter. We demonstrated that the size of the uterus influences the fertility outcome, with differences in pregnancies per artificial insemination between extreme quartiles of 21% for primiparous (61% vs 40%) and 23% for multiparous cows (49% vs 26%). Cows with larger uteri are associated with decreased P/AI, regardless of the parity. This association is probably related to the ability of the embryo to produce INFT and avoid luteolysis during the critical period. By using a model of induction of contralateral accessory CL, we demonstrated a novel pattern of CL regression during a later time after the critical period that peaks between Days 41 to 47, and decreases afterwards, suggesting additional mechanisms that prevent luteolysis after this first inhibition of luteolysis by embryonic INFT. We suggest that adequate development of placental attachment, associated with increased blood flow, reduces the amount of PGF reaching the ovary adjacent to the pregnancy. Finally, the use of a second dose of PGF at the end of synchronization with Double Ovsynch protocol, increases the percentage of cows obtaining complete luteolysis from 83% to 97% supporting the hypothesis that improvements in achieving complete luteolysis by using this strategy could have potential beneficial effects on fertility in dairy cattle.
