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Download or read book Substitution And Complementary Effects Of Accrual-Based Earnings Management And Real Earnings Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ann-Kristin Achleitner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Real Earnings Management and Accrual-Based Earnings Management in Family Firms written by Ann-Kristin Achleitner and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the effects of family firms on real earnings management (REM) and accrual-based earnings management (ABEM). Using socioemotional wealth (SEW) as a theoretical framework and considering the different implications of REM and ABEM on family firms' transgenerational sustainability, we hypothesize and find for a sample of 402 German listed family firms during 1998-2008, that family firms engage less in REM and exhibit more earnings-decreasing ABEM policies as compared to a sample of 436 non-family firms. We further provide evidence that family firms as compared to non-family firms treat REM and ABEM as substitute rather than complementary tools for earnings management. Overall, our findings suggest that family firms use earnings management activities strategically, avoiding those that inhibit the firm's long-term value (i.e. REM) and engaging in those that help families retain transgenerational control (i.e. ABEM).
Author : Seraina C. Anagnostopoulou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Financial Leverage on Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management written by Seraina C. Anagnostopoulou and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Past research has documented a substitution effect between real earnings management (RM) and accrual-based earnings management (AM), depending on relative costs. This study contributes to this research by examining whether levels of (and changes in) financial leverage have an impact on this empirically documented trade-off. We hypothesise that in the presence of high leverage, firms that engage in earnings manipulation tactics will exhibit a preference for RM due to a lower possibility -- and subsequent costs -- of getting caught. We show that leverage levels and increases positively and significantly affect upward RM, with no significant effect on income-increasing AM, while our findings point towards a complementarity effect between unexpected levels of RM and AM for firms with very high leverage levels and changes. This is interpreted as an indication that high leverage could attract heavy outsider scrutiny, making it necessary for firms to use both forms of earnings management in order to achieve earnings targets. Furthermore, we document that equity investors exhibit a significantly stronger penalising reaction to AM vs. RM, indicating that leverage-induced RM is not as easily detectable by market participants as debt-induced AM, despite the fact that the former could imply deviation from optimal business practices.
Author :
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3964875953
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Earnings Management. The Influence of Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management on Earnings Quality written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2024-01-31 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, University of Duisburg-Essen, course: Master Thesis, language: English, abstract: This paper delves into various theories and approaches, aiming to define and differentiate earnings management from related concepts such as fraud, expectation management, and impression management. It explores the goals and incentives driving earnings management, including maximizing or minimizing earnings, beating targets, and smoothing. At the onset of the new millennium, corporate scandals rocked the business world, eroding trust in management, boards of directors, and the accounting profession. In response, regulations and policies aimed at enhancing corporate governance and financial reporting were swiftly implemented. The credibility, clarity, and consistency of financial reporting practices play a pivotal role in enabling investors to make informed decisions. Accurate and fair financial performance representations, as opposed to inflated and misleading figures, are essential for market players, including shareholders and creditors. Investors rely on audited financial reports to guide their investment decisions, underscoring the critical importance of accuracy and reliability in publicly available financial disclosures. Auditors, by reducing the risk of material misstatement, ensure the integrity of the information disclosed in a company's financial statements. Management, with the goal of achieving promised targets and ensuring the company's existence, may engage in earnings management as a strategic contribution to corporate policy. Financial reporting serves as a means to distinguish well-performing companies from their counterparts, facilitating efficient resource allocation and empowering stakeholders to make effective decisions. The disclosed earnings results significantly impact a firm's overall business activities and management decisions, particularly in satisfying analysts' expectations, which can influence equity value. While accounting standards play a role, the quality of financial statements is more influenced by company-specific and institutional factors shaping managers' incentives. These factors lead to financial reporting practices being viewed as the outcome of a cost-benefit assessment.
Author : Yutaro Murakami
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Accrual-Based and Real Earnings Management in Dynamic Settings written by Yutaro Murakami and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a simple model to examine the dynamic relationship between earnings management and accounting regulations. In this model, current accrual-based earnings management affects the tightness of future regulations and managers rationally choose the levels of both accrual-based and real earnings management. We compare this dynamic model with the static one where the tightness of regulations is not affected by past levels of accrual-based earnings management and is, thus, constant over time. Our analysis reveals that accounting regulations directly affect relative costs of accrual-based and real earnings management in both static and dynamic settings, which is consistent with prior empirical and analytical studies. More importantly, we find that the impact of the change in manager's time horizon may be different for static and dynamic models of regulations. We also find that the initial state of the economy affects how managers adjust the levels of earnings management over time.
Author : Daniel A. Cohen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Accrual-Based and Real Earnings Management Activities Around Seasoned Equity Offerings written by Daniel A. Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine earnings management behavior around SEOs, focusing on both real activities and accrual-based manipulation. Although research has addressed the issues of earnings management around SEOs and earnings management via real activities manipulation, ours is the first paper to put these two issues together. We make three contributions to the literature. First, we document that firms use real, as well as accrual-based, earnings management tools around SEOs. Second, we show how the tendency for firms to tradeoff real versus accrual-based earnings management activities around SEO s varies cross-sectionally. We find that firms choices vary predictably as a function of the firm s ability to use accrual management and the costs of doing so. Our model is a first step in examining how firms tradeoff between real versus accrual methods of earnings management. Third, we compare the economic costs of accrual versus real earnings management around SEO s, by examining the effect of each type of earnings management on the firm s future performance. We provide the first evidence on this important issue by showing that the costs of real earnings management are likely greater than the costs of accrual earnings management, at least in the SEO context.
Author : Daniel Spring
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783830076896
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (768 download)
Download or read book Determinants and Consequences of Real and Accrual-based Earnings Management written by Daniel Spring and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Masahiro Enomoto
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Accrual-Based and Real Earnings Management written by Masahiro Enomoto and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the differences in accrual-based and real earnings management across countries from the perspective of investor protection. Following prior research (Leuz et al., 2003), we hypothesize that accrual-based earnings management is more constrained by strict discipline in countries with stronger investor protection. For real earnings management in countries with stronger investor protection, we have two hypotheses. One is that real earnings management is more often implemented to substitute for accrual-based earnings management. The other is that real earnings management is less often implemented, as with accrual-based earnings management. Our examination uses data from 222,513 firm-year observations drawn from 38 countries covering 1991 to 2010. The results show that managers in countries with stronger investor protection tend to engage in real earnings management instead of accrual-based earnings management. We also find that real earnings management is constrained by analyst following. Our results are not affected by the control of audit quality or the calculation method used for earnings management measures according to country and year.
Author : Joshua Ronen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387257713
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)
Download or read book Earnings Management written by Joshua Ronen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-06 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a study of earnings management, aimed at scholars and professionals in accounting, finance, economics, and law. The authors address research questions including: Why are earnings so important that firms feel compelled to manipulate them? What set of circumstances will induce earnings management? How will the interaction among management, boards of directors, investors, employees, suppliers, customers and regulators affect earnings management? How to design empirical research addressing earnings management? What are the limitations and strengths of current empirical models?
Author : Malek El Diri
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319626868
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Introduction to Earnings Management written by Malek El Diri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-20 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides researchers and scholars with a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of earnings management theory and literature. While it raises new questions for future research, the book can be also helpful to other parties who rely on financial reporting in making decisions like regulators, policy makers, shareholders, investors, and gatekeepers e.g., auditors and analysts. The book summarizes the existing literature and provides insight into new areas of research such as the differences between earnings management, fraud, earnings quality, impression management, and expectation management; the trade-off between earnings management activities; the special measures of earnings management; and the classification of earnings management motives based on a comprehensive theoretical framework.
Author : Lilian H. Chan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Substitution Between Real and Accruals-Based Earnings Management After Voluntary Adoption of Compensation Clawback Provisions written by Lilian H. Chan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To deter financial misstatements, many companies have recently adopted compensation recovery policies - commonly known as “clawbacks” - that authorize the board to recoup compensation paid to executives based on misstated financial reports. Clawbacks have been shown to reduce financial misstatements and increase investors' confidence on earnings information. We show that the benefits come with an unintended consequence of certain firms substituting accruals management with real transactions management (e.g., reduce R&D expenditures), especially those with strong incentives to achieve short-term earnings targets (firms with high growth or high transient institutional ownership). As such, the total amount of earnings management does not decrease subsequent to clawback adoption. We further show that although real transactions management temporarily boosts those clawback adopters' short-term profitability and stock performance, this trend reverses after three years. In summary, clawbacks may have unexpected effects for a subset of firms whose managers are under greater pressure to meet earnings goals.
Author : 陳軒晟
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (899 download)
Download or read book Real and Accrual-based Earnings Management : Impact of Equity Compensation and Market Pricing written by 陳軒晟 and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Geert Braam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Accrual-Based and Real Earnings Management and Political Connections written by Geert Braam and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines whether the trade-off between real and accrual-based management strategies differs between firms with and without political connections. We argue that politically-connected firms are more likely to substitute real earnings management for accrual-based earnings management than non-connected firms. Although real earnings management is more costly, we expect that politically connected firms prefer this strategy because of its higher secrecy and potential to mask political favors. Using a unique panel data set of 5,493 publicly traded firms in 30 countries, our results show that politically-connected firms are more likely to substitute real earnings management strategies for accrual-based earnings management strategies than non-connected firms. We also find that when public monitoring and therefore the risk of detection increases, politically connected firms are more likely to resort to less detectable real earnings management strategies. Our finding that political connections play a significant role in the choice between accrual-based and real earnings management strategies suggests that a focus only on accrual-based measurements underestimates the total earnings management activities of politically-connected firms.
Author : Sean Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Earnings Management written by Sean Wang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper attempts to document the effects of accounting flexibility on managers' propensity to cut Ramp;D expenditures. Using Barton and Simko's (2002) NOA/Sales variable as a proxy for accounting flexibility, we find that managers are more (less) likely to cut Ramp;D when accounting flexibility is low (high), and that managers prefer the use of accrual to real earnings management given ample accounting flexibility. Our results are consistent with theoretical papers that posit substitution effects between accounting and real earnings management choices, with managers being more likely to cut Ramp;D when the marginal costs of accounting manipulations are low relative to real earnings manipulations.
Author : Nicholas Christopher Lynch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (514 download)
Download or read book Trends in Accrual Quality and Real Activity-based Earnings Management in the Pre and Post Sarbanes-Oxley Eras written by Nicholas Christopher Lynch and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increase in the prevalence of earnings restatements and cases of financial statement fraud in the early 21st century led to a significant loss of market capitalization and investor confidence in the attestation process. In an effort to restore such confidence, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in July of 2002. The Act significantly increased the penalties for engaging in accrual activities aimed at either misleading users of the financial statements concerning the underlying economic condition of the firm or influencing contractual outcomes. As a result of the increased penalties for engaging in accrual activities, one would expect a relative shift from accrual activities to real activities to facilitate earnings management in the post-SOX period. As with most academic social disciplines, the test employed in my dissertation is a joint test of the sensitivity of the tools available to detect management activities, the research design, and the presence and strength of the effect for which I am searching. This dissertation is the first to test for changes in both accrual quality and real activity-based earnings management in the post-SOX period. The findings of the study empirically support a change in earnings management techniques in the post-SOX period compared to the pre-SOX period. Specifically, the quality of accruals incorporated into the accounting earnings figure have significantly increased in the post-SOX period. However, instances of earnings management using real activities have also significantly increased in the post-Sox period. These findings inform academics about the power of the tools used in academic accounting research and the overall quality of the argument. They inform users of financial statements about where to direct their attention in reading and evaluating the financials. Finally, they inform regulators, practitioners and policy makers of the effectiveness of the law at improving the quality of accruals, and bring to their attention a potential substitution in the techniques used to manage earnings.
Author : Xiaoxia Huang
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000581586
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)
Download or read book Economic and Business Management written by Xiaoxia Huang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-03-22 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rapid development and drastic change of the world economy, "Digital Finance", "Internet Finance", "Science and Technology Finance" have become new hotspots, which also represent the future trend of economy development in the era of big data. Enterprises are facing more uncertainty, opportunities coexist with challenges. There are more possibilities for economic development and enterprise management to accelerate the integration of cutting-edge research results, to deepen hot topics discussion and to promote opinion exchanges among academic and business circles. The Sixth International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM2021) was successfully held online on October 16-17, 2021, and aimed to provide a platform for researchers, engineers, academics as well as industry professionals from all over the world to present their latest research findings and development activities in economic and business management. These proceedings include 51 accepted articles selected from 94 submissions.
Author : Amy Yunzhi Zang
Publisher : ProQuest
ISBN 13 : 9780549163251
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (632 download)
Download or read book Evidence on the Tradeoff Between Real Manipulation and Accrual Manipulation: to 25; Pages:26 to 50; Pages:51 to 75; Pages:76 to 100; Pages:101 to 120 written by Amy Yunzhi Zang and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2000 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
