Study Of Particle Size Distribution In Activated Sludge Processes Impacts Of Solids Retention Time And Process Configurations

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Study of Particle Size Distribution in Activated Sludge Processes: Impacts of Solids Retention Time and Process Configurations

Author : Zhongtian Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Study of Particle Size Distribution in Activated Sludge Processes: Impacts of Solids Retention Time and Process Configurations by : Zhongtian Li

Download or read book Study of Particle Size Distribution in Activated Sludge Processes: Impacts of Solids Retention Time and Process Configurations written by Zhongtian Li and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle size distribution of the particulates is an essential characteristic of the wastewater quality. Particle size distribution has been used to predict COD, suspended solids, color, and turbidity. The understanding of particle size distribution contributed to the better understanding of soluble and particulate COD fractions and benefited the modeling of activated sludge process. Particle size distribution of wastewater particles was used to improve the understanding of both primary treatment and secondary treatment. Particle size of activated sludge flocs may affect key sludge handling processes including sedimentation, thickening, digestion, and dewatering. Particle size distribution of secondary effluent is also an important consideration for the design of tertiary treatment such as filtration and disinfection. Several design and operational parameters, e.g. mixing, aeration, flocculation, and SRT, may affect particle size distribution of activated sludge. Previous results strongly suggest that SRT is an important parameter affecting particle size distribution in activated sludge process. However, direct comparison of different wastewater treatment plants could not rule out possible confounders such as sheer force in aeration basin, doses of coagulants, and variation of organic loadings. The objective of this study is to investigate particle size distribution of activated sludge flocs under different SRTs and treatment processes. Particle size distribution of lab-scale MLE reactor and IFAS reactor were studied under various SRTs and carbon sources. Five full-scale wastewater treatment plants were surveyed for detailed understanding of the change of particle size distribution from raw wastewater to secondary effluent. Chapter 2 investigates the impact of SRT on particle size distribution, sludge settleability, effluent turbidity, and removals of COD and NH4+-N. A MLE reactor is established with 16L of operational volume. Settling test, water quality analyses, and microscopic examination are applied to evaluate the impact of different SRTs. Particle size of activated sludge flocs are analyzed at different controlled SRTs. Particles with different size ranges were evaluated at various SRTs. Chapter 3 focuses on the impact of SRT on particle size distribution, sludge settleability, effluent turbidity, and removals of COD, NH4+-N in a lab-scale Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) reactor. Chapter 3 further investigates the impact of difference carbon sources (Glucose vs. Sodium Acetate) on particle size distribution and reactor performance in the IFAS reactor. Settling test, water quality analyses, and microscopic examination are applied to evaluate the impact of different SRTs. Particle size distribution of the mixed liquor in the IFAS reactor is compared with that in MLE reactor operated at similar SRTs for suspended solids. Chapter 4 surveys particle size distribution in 5 full-scale WWTPs with different SRTs and treatment processes in the Los Angeles County. Particles size distribution profiles from primary influent to secondary effluent are fully evaluated. The relationship between SRT and particle size of activated sludge in biological process and sedimentation process are studied in detail.

The Effects of Temperature and Solids Retention Time on Activated Sludge Treatment Performance

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (547 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Temperature and Solids Retention Time on Activated Sludge Treatment Performance by :

Download or read book The Effects of Temperature and Solids Retention Time on Activated Sludge Treatment Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bench-scale treatment system with external clarifier was used to determine the effects of solids retention time (SRT) and temperature on treatment performance while simulating the full scale activated sludge process. Four bench-scale reactors, operating at SRTs of 20, 10, 5 and 2 days, were fed settled municipal wastewater collected after primary clarification from the Kuwahee wastewater treatment plant in Knoxville, TN. Three operational temperatures were investigated during this study, 22°C, 12°C and 7°C. The order and duration of operation at each temperature was first 22°C for 61 days, next 7°C for 47 days and lastly 12°C for 105 days. Experimental results indicate that carbon treatment performance improved, on average with increasing SRT; however, carbon treatment performance was not effected by operational temperatures studied to the same extent. On average, carbon oxidation improved with increasing SRT at each operational temperature; however, carbon oxidation was more efficient at 12°C than 22°C. CODT treatment performance at 7°C was poor irrespective of SRT. The difference in performance between 22°C and 12°C was attributed to acclimation of biomass from startup at 22°C to operation at 12°C beginning at 108 days. Sludge volume index (SVI) and effluent suspended solids (ESS) values also indicated that SRT had a greater impact on biosolids settling than did temperature. During this study, nitrification was observed to be viable at 22°C and 12°C despite reported sensitivity of lower SRTs (2 and 5 days) to process changes and low operational temperature. According to these observations, higher SRTs would be recommended for full-scale treatment especially during wintertime or sub-optimum temperatures. Nitrification at 7°C was observed to be almost nonexistent for all SRTs studied during this research. Based on the data presented in this study, an SRT of 5 days and a process temperature of 12°C are necessary to achieve effective carbon treatment, biosolids settling, and nitrification. A comparison of the full and bench scale (5-day SRT) systems, based on the operational and environmental parameters considered in this study revealed inadequacies of the bench scale system in simulating the full scale facility. Carbon treatment performance as well as MLSS levels, differed in the two systems. The full scale facility consistently discharged significantly lower carbon levels than did the bench scale system. Additionally MLSS levels were significantly higher in the full scale facility. Nitrification performance was better in the bench scale system at temperatures above 12°C but were significantly poorer at 7°C.

The Coupled Trickling Filter-activated Sludge Process

Author : Richard J. Stenquist
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis The Coupled Trickling Filter-activated Sludge Process by : Richard J. Stenquist

Download or read book The Coupled Trickling Filter-activated Sludge Process written by Richard J. Stenquist and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Activated Sludge

Author : Wesley Eckenfelder
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203968565
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Activated Sludge by : Wesley Eckenfelder

Control Strategies for the Activated Sludge Process

Author : Thomas M. Keinath
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Control Strategies for the Activated Sludge Process by : Thomas M. Keinath

Download or read book Control Strategies for the Activated Sludge Process written by Thomas M. Keinath and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Aerobic Granular Sludge

Author : S. Bathe
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781843395096
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Aerobic Granular Sludge by : S. Bathe

Download or read book Aerobic Granular Sludge written by S. Bathe and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-03-31 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerobic Granular Sludge has recently received growing attention by researchers and technology developers, worldwide. Laboratory studies and preliminary field tests led to the conclusion that granular activated sludge can be readily established and profitably used in activated sludge plants, provided 'correct' process conditions are chosen. But what makes process conditions 'correct'? And what makes granules different from activated sludge flocs? Answers to these question are offered in Aerobic Granular Sludge. Major topics covered in this book include: Reasons and mechanism of aerobic granule formation Structure of the microbial population of aerobic granules Role, composition and physical properties of EPS Diffuse limitation and microbial activity within granules Physio-chemical characteristics Operation and application of granule reactors Scale-up aspects of granular sludge reactors, and case studies Aerobic Granular Sludge provides up-to-date information about a rapidly emerging new technology of biological treatment.

Settleability Problems and Loss of Solids in the Activated Sludge Process

Author : Michael H. Gerardi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471272744
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (712 download)

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Book Synopsis Settleability Problems and Loss of Solids in the Activated Sludge Process by : Michael H. Gerardi

Download or read book Settleability Problems and Loss of Solids in the Activated Sludge Process written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-06-17 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The activated sludge process is the most versatile, commonly used wastewater treatment system in North America; however, many activated sludge processes frequently experience operational problems related to poor compaction or settleability of secondary solids and loss of secondary solids from the clarifier. Eschewing the technical jargon and copious chemical equations found in the majority of wastewater studies, Settleability Problems and Loss of Solids in the Activated Sludge Process speaks directly to plant operators, showing them how to identify and solve common problems and achieve maximum efficiency. Michael H. Gerardi’s hands-on guide addresses the most common plant operational problems, such as increased costs, loss of treatment efficiency, and permit violations. Using numerous tables and illustrations, Settleability Problems provides microscopic and analytical techniques for troubleshooting and identifying the conditions responsible for settleability problems and loss of solids. It includes pictures of wet mounts and smears of acceptable and unacceptable microscopic conditions of the activated sludge and presents corrective measures for operational problems. Chapters include: Undesired Filamentous Growth Nutrient-Deficient Floc Particles Denitrification Slug Discharge of Soluble cBOD Viscous Bulking or Zoogloeal Growth Production and Accumulation of Foam and Scum Volume II in the series, Settleability Problems will prove to be of unparalleled value to wastewater treatment plant operators as well as students of wastewater microbiology.

Design and Operation of Activated Sludge Processes Using Respirometry

Author : Alan Rozich
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780873714495
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Design and Operation of Activated Sludge Processes Using Respirometry by : Alan Rozich

Download or read book Design and Operation of Activated Sludge Processes Using Respirometry written by Alan Rozich and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-02-03 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a thorough overview of respirometry and its scientific and engineering basis. The book describes the fundamentals of biological waste treatment, development of predictive models for system design and operation, and how respirometry fits in with these operations. It also presents case studies, which give you concrete examples of the application of respirometry. This book will help activated sludge process control designers, operators, and managers of biological wastewater treatment facilitieslearn how to improve methods for the analysis of biological wastewater systems, enhance design and treatability projects, optimize and troubleshoot plant operations, and accurately predict the impact of new loads or streams on biological wastewater facilities.

Fundamentals of Quorum Sensing, Analytical Methods and Applications in Membrane Bioreactors

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444640657
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Quorum Sensing, Analytical Methods and Applications in Membrane Bioreactors by :

Download or read book Fundamentals of Quorum Sensing, Analytical Methods and Applications in Membrane Bioreactors written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-21 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Quorum Sensing, Analytical Methods and Applications in Membrane Bioreactors, Volume 81, describes the novelty of membrane bioreactors for the treatment of wastewater and the removal of specific contaminants that affect water quality or pose harm to humans. Topics of note in the updated release include Water Chemistry and Microbiology, Quorum Sensing as Bacterial Communication Language, the Effects of Quorum Sensing, Quorum Quenching, Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment, Removal of Specific Contaminants, Microextraction Techniques, and the Determination of Quorum Sensing Chemicals. The contents of this updated volume will be appealing to a wide range of researchers as the authors of most chapters are experts in their respective fields with numerous published studies. Gives an overview of quorum sensing as a communication language for bacteria and quorum quenching mediated approaches to mitigate or eliminate the effects of quorum sensing Presents various sensitive determination methods where a variety of microextraction strategies is used for preconcentration of analyte(s)

Activated Sludge

Author : Wesley Eckenfelder
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781566766432
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (664 download)

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Book Synopsis Activated Sludge by : Wesley Eckenfelder

Download or read book Activated Sludge written by Wesley Eckenfelder and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-08-04 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Process Theory Kinetics and Sludge Quality Control: Activated Sludge Process - Process Theory - Activated Sludge Separation Problems - References Activated Sludge Treatment of Municipal Wastewater U.S.A. Practice: General Approach - Clarifier Design - Aeration Tank (Reactor) Design - Appurtenance Design - Configurations - References European Practices: Introduction - Historical Perspective - Process Design - Models - Dynamic Models - Aeration Systems - Alternatives to the Main Types of Aeration Units - Secondary Settlement - Process Sequences - Instrumentation, Control, and Automation (ICA) - Some Other Process Variants - Future Trends - References Activated Sludge Treatment of Industrial Waters: Introduction - Pretreatment of Industrial Wastewater - Characterization of Industrial Wastewater - Principles of Biological Oxidation - Acclimation of Biological Sludges - Kinetics of Organic Removal - Activated Sludge Effluent Variability - Bioinhibition of the Activated Sludge Process - Effect of Temperature - Sludge Quality Control - Stripping of Volatile Organics - Nitrification and Denitrification - Activated Sludge Processes - Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters in Municipal Activated Sludge Plants - Application of Powdered Activated Carbon (PACT) - Final Clarification - Effluent Suspended Solids Control - Laboratory and Pilot Plant Procedures for the Development of Process Design Criteria - Activated Sludge Design Procedure for Soluble Wastewater Using Complete Mix Activated Sludge - Design Procedure for a Wastewater Containing Degradable Influent Volatile Suspended Solids - Design for Priority Pollutant Removal - References.

Cause of Inefficient Solids Separation in the Activated Sludge Process

Author : Richard I. Dick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Cause of Inefficient Solids Separation in the Activated Sludge Process by : Richard I. Dick

Download or read book Cause of Inefficient Solids Separation in the Activated Sludge Process written by Richard I. Dick and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Comparison of the PACT(TM) and Activated Sludge Processes, for the Treatment of a Kraft Pulp Mill Wastewater

Author : Darrell Ball
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparison of the PACT(TM) and Activated Sludge Processes, for the Treatment of a Kraft Pulp Mill Wastewater by : Darrell Ball

Download or read book Comparison of the PACT(TM) and Activated Sludge Processes, for the Treatment of a Kraft Pulp Mill Wastewater written by Darrell Ball and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study has compared the conventional activated sludge process to the Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment (PACT$\rm\sp{TM})$ process for the treatment of a bleached kraft mill effluent. The PACT$\rm\sp{TM}$ process involves the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) to the aeration basin of an activated sludge system. Powdered activated carbon has a very high surface area and is able to adsorb large amounts of hydrophobic compounds, such as organochlorines. This process was selected because it was likely to increase the removals of toxins including adsorbable organics halides (AOX) and because it had not been evaluated for this type of wastewater. Bench scale continuous flow reactors, with internal sludge recycle, were used in this study. The design and process control parameters varied included hydraulic retention time, solids retention time and powdered activated carbon dose. PAC doses of 0.1-1.0 g/L were used. Four feeds were used in this study, which were collected at different times, from a bleached kraft pulp mill batch operation. Two conceptual models for effluent SCOD prediction were developed and tested. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Methods for Wastewater Characterization in Activated Sludge Modelling

Author : Henryk Melcer
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843396629
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods for Wastewater Characterization in Activated Sludge Modelling by : Henryk Melcer

Download or read book Methods for Wastewater Characterization in Activated Sludge Modelling written by Henryk Melcer and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-11-01 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical modeling is a useful tool for the design, analysis and control of wastewater treatment systems. The activated sludge process is one of the most common processes used in wastewater treatment, and therefore is a particularly important candidate for the application of mathematical models. In the 1980s, a task group organized by the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ) developed a conceptual model of the activated sludge process, which has become an industry-wide standard for the development of computer-based activated sludge models. A recent version of the IAWQ model incorporates 19 components, 17 processes, and numerous rate and stoichiometric coefficients. It is difficult and costly to quantify all of the necessary coefficients for any given application of the model; consequently, it is important to identify the most critical wastewater and biomass components and the relevant coefficients to be quantified for the most common uses of the model. It is also important to provide guidance to potential model users on the use of default and/or estimated values for the remaining parameters.

Activated Sludge: Developments And Sustainable Solutions

Author : Nicholas F Gray
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 180061389X
Total Pages : 626 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Activated Sludge: Developments And Sustainable Solutions by : Nicholas F Gray

Download or read book Activated Sludge: Developments And Sustainable Solutions written by Nicholas F Gray and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-02-27 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated sludge is the most widely used biological wastewater treatment process globally to date, although its high energy demand makes it a major contributor of greenhouse gas emissions. Over recent decades it has been constantly modified and retrofitted to treat ever higher loads or improve effluent standards which have often resulted in even greater carbon emissions. Conventional activated sludge treatment is at a crossroads where new sustainable solutions are required if we are to protect the quality of our rivers and meet net-zero carbon targets.The book details current operation and design with special emphasis on the biological aspects of the process. From the microbial kinetics to the fascinating process of floc formation and development, the book explores the development of our understanding of the process looking at new sustainable designs, including biological nutrient removal and new aeration systems. Sludge separation problems and control options are explained, with a trouble-shooting guide to non-bulking problems. Environmental issues including noise, odor, aerosols, micro-plastics and nanoparticles are all reviewed, as is pathogen removal and the problem of antibiotic resistant genes and bacteria. The development of membrane bioreactors has increased process reliability and effluent quality, while integrated fixed-film activated sludge processes are more efficient and compact. The book concludes by exploring how activated sludge can become more sustainable, for example, by carbon harvesting and byproduct recovery.This interdisciplinary book is essential reading for both engineers and scientists whether training at university or practitioners and consultants in the wastewater industry.Related Link(s)

Selected Water Resources Abstracts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 962 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Selected Water Resources Abstracts by :

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biological Sludge Minimization and Biomaterials/Bioenergy Recovery Technologies

Author : Etienne Paul
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118309685
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Sludge Minimization and Biomaterials/Bioenergy Recovery Technologies by : Etienne Paul

Download or read book Biological Sludge Minimization and Biomaterials/Bioenergy Recovery Technologies written by Etienne Paul and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-30 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to sludge management, reuse, and disposal When wastewater is treated, reducing organic material to carbon dioxide, water, and bacterial cells the cells are disposed of, producing a semisolid and nutrient-rich byproduct called sludge. The expansion in global population and industrial activity has turned the production of excess sludge into an international environmental challenge, with the ultimate disposal of excess sludge now one of the most expensive problems faced by wastewater facilities. Written by two leading environmental engineers, Biological Sludge Minimization and Biomaterials/Bioenergy Recovery Technologies offers a comprehensive look at cutting-edge techniques for reducing sludge production, converting sludge into a value-added material, recovering useful resources from sludge, and sludge incineration. Reflecting the impact of new stringent environmental legislation, this book offers a frank appraisal of how sludge can be realistically managed, covering key concerns and the latest tools: Fundamentals of biological processes for wastewater treatment, wastewater microbiology, and microbial metabolism, essential to understanding how sludge is produced Prediction of primary sludge and waste-activated sludge production, among the chief design and operational challenges of a wastewater treatment plant Technologies for sludge reduction, with a focus on reducing microbial growth yield as well as enhancing sludge disintegration The use of anerobic digestion of sewage sludge for biogas recovery, in terms of process fundamentals, design, and operation The use of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) system for the sustainable treatment of organic wastes and electrical energy recovery

Activated Sludge

Author : Wesley Eckenfelder
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781566763028
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Activated Sludge by : Wesley Eckenfelder

Download or read book Activated Sludge written by Wesley Eckenfelder and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-03-11 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, industrial wastewater treatment primarily focused on the removal of BOD and suspended solids. In recent years, however, the focus has changed to aquatic toxicity, priority pollutants, and volatile organics. This required changes in how we design and operate biological treatment plants. Many existing plants must be retrofitted. New approaches to meet new requirements are discussed in detail. The authors, with a combined experience of sixty years, have presented case studies for a wide variety of industrial wastewaters including pulp and paper, food processing, chemical and pharmaceuticals, and textile wastewaters. Data interpretation and process design are developed through the use of seventeen examples. Procedures for the laboratory and pilot plant generation of process design data are presented. Emphasis is placed on meeting the many new regulations governing industrial wastewater discharges.