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Author : Guosen Yue
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (496 download)
Download or read book Study of Particle Deposition in Human Airway Models written by Guosen Yue and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jiyuan Tu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400744870
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System written by Jiyuan Tu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-18 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional research methodologies in the human respiratory system have always been challenging due to their invasive nature. Recent advances in medical imaging and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have accelerated this research. This book compiles and details recent advances in the modelling of the respiratory system for researchers, engineers, scientists, and health practitioners. It breaks down the complexities of this field and provides both students and scientists with an introduction and starting point to the physiology of the respiratory system, fluid dynamics and advanced CFD modeling tools. In addition to a brief introduction to the physics of the respiratory system and an overview of computational methods, the book contains best-practice guidelines for establishing high-quality computational models and simulations. Inspiration for new simulations can be gained through innovative case studies as well as hands-on practice using pre-made computational code. Last but not least, students and researchers are presented the latest biomedical research activities, and the computational visualizations will enhance their understanding of physiological functions of the respiratory system.
Author : Leichen Chu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (331 download)
Download or read book An Experimental Study of Aerosol Particle Deposition in a Three Dimensional Human Lung Airway Bifurcation Model written by Leichen Chu and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309037263
Total Pages : 703 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health written by Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.
Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Airborne Particles
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Airborne Particles written by National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Airborne Particles and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard A. Parent
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124047262
Total Pages : 835 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)
Download or read book Comparative Biology of the Normal Lung written by Richard A. Parent and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-03-13 with total page 835 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparative Biology of the Normal Lung, Second Edition, offers a rigorous and comprehensive reference for all those involved in pulmonary research. This fully updated work is divided into sections on anatomy and morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and immunological response. It continues to provide a unique comparative perspective on the mammalian lung. This edition includes several new chapters and expanded content, including aging and development of the normal lung, mechanical properties of the lung, genetic polymorphisms, the comparative effect of stress of pulmonary immune function, oxygen signaling in the mammalian lung and much more. By addressing scientific advances and critical issues in lung research, this 2nd edition is a timely and valuable work on comparative data for the interpretation of studies of animal models as compared to the human lung. - Edited and authored by experts in the field to provide an excellent and timely review of cross-species comparisons that will help you interpret and compare data from animal studies to human findings - Incorporates lung anatomy and physiology, cell specific interactions and immunological responses to provide you with a single and unique multidisciplinary source on the comparative biology of the normal lung - Includes new and expanded content on neonatal and aged lungs, developmental processes, cell signaling, antioxidants, airway cells, safety pharmacology and much more - Section IV on Physical and Immunological Defenses has been significantly updated with 9 new chapters and an increased focus on the pulmonary immunological system
Author : Ewald R. Weibel
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483225798
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Morphometry of the Human Lung written by Ewald R. Weibel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Morphometry of the Human Lung considers the developments in understanding the quantitative anatomy of the lung, and in the correlation of anatomy with physiology. This book is composed of 11 chapters, and begins with an overview of a systematic approach to a quantitative morphologic analysis of the architecture of the human lung, followed by a presentation of general problems of methodology and the derivation of reliable dimensional models of this organ. The subsequent chapters describe the methods of preparation of tissues, methods of random sampling, and adaptation of methodologies from other fields of science. These topics are followed by discussions the mathematical formulations for the translation of the data into the desired geometric forms and a technique of counting. The final chapters look into the mode of distribution and geometric forms that should eventually facilitate mathematical and physical considerations regarding the function of the lungs. These chapters also consider the application of these quantitative methods to the study of pathologic specimens, providing a most timely renovation of morphologic pathology. This book will be of value to pulmonologists, physiologists, and researchers who are interested in lung morphometry.
Author : Chiu-sen Wang
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080455018
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Inhaled Particles written by Chiu-sen Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-01-20 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaled Particles integrates all that is known about inhaled particles in a unified treatment. It aims to provide a scientific framework essential to a reasonable understanding of inhaled particles. The emphasis is placed on demonstrating the key roles of lung morphology on airflow and particle transport as well as identifying physical and biological factors that influence deposition. Special attention is paid to maintaining consistency of treatment and a balance between theoretical modeling and experimental measurements. The book covers all important aspects of inhaled particles including inhalability, aerosol dispersion, particle deposition, and clearance. It reviews concisely the basic background of lung morphology, respiratory physiology, aerodynamics, and aerosol science pertinent to the subject. Essential aspects of health effects and applications are also included. An easy-to-read, self contained introduction to the field An excellent source of updated research information Useful for students and professionals in aerosol science, environmental health science, occupational hygiene, health physics and biomedical engineering
Author : Jason Ryans
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (8 download)
Download or read book The Experimental and Computational Investigation of Particle Deposition in a Realistic Human Living Airway Model written by Jason Ryans and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : William C. Hinds
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118591976
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)
Download or read book Aerosol Technology written by William C. Hinds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The #1 guide to aerosol science and technology -now better than ever Since 1982, Aerosol Technology has been the text of choice among students and professionals who need to acquire a thorough working knowledge of modern aerosol theory and applications. Now revised to reflect the considerable advances that have been made over the past seventeen years across a broad spectrum of aerosol-related application areas - from occupational hygiene and biomedical technology to microelectronics and pollution control -this new edition includes: * A chapter on bioaerosols * New sections on resuspension, transport losses, respiratory deposition models, and fractal characterization of particles * Expanded coverage of atmospheric aerosols, including background aerosols and urban aerosols * A section on the impact of aerosols on global warming and ozone depletion. Aerosol Technology, Second Edition also features dozens of new, fully worked examples drawn from a wide range of industrial and research settings, plus new chapter-end practice problems to help readers master the material quickly.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309102111
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-09-07 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) gives the highest priority to developing countermeasures against bioterrorism agents that are highly infective when dispersed in aerosol form. Developing drugs to prevent or treat illnesses caused by bioterrorism agents requires testing their effectiveness in animals since human clinical trials would be unethical. At the request of NIAID, the National Academies conducted a study to examine how such testing could be improved. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents provides recommendations to researchers on selecting the kinds of animal models, aerosol generators, and bioterrorism agent doses that would produce conditions that most closely mimic the disease process in humans. It also urges researchers to fully document experimental parameters in the literature so that studies can be reproduced and compared. The book recommends that all unclassified data on bioterrorism agent studies-including unclassified, unpublished data from U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID)-be published in the open literature. The book also calls on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to improve the process by which bioterrorism countermeasures are approved based on the results of animal studies.
Author : Jonathan Steffens
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (664 download)
Download or read book Comparison of Particle Deposition for Realistic Adult and Adolescent Upper Airway Geometries Using Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics written by Jonathan Steffens and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Particle deposition in the respiratory tract is studied in order to better understand the negative health effects due to cigarette smoke inhalation. Until recently, idealized models of the respiratory airways based on the original Weibel model have been used to calculate deposition. These models consist of symmetric bifurcating airways and do not take into account variations of airway diameter, and asymmetry in the human respiratory tract. Until recently, little work has been done to accurately recreate the entire upper respiratory tract including the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Technological improvement has changed the way in which researchers approach this problem. With the advent of high resolution scans of the respiratory tract, accurate replica models can be created to better predict cigarette smoke particle (CSP) deposition. These models recreate actual lung geometries found in patients. For this thesis, two realistic geometric models are created. One is based on an adult male and the other on an adolescent male. CSP deposition is determined for both models in order to compare the difference cased by age in smoking. In addition, an unsteady breathing curve, indicative of realistic smoking behavior is utilized to more accurately represent the breathing conditions. Both models consist of the oral cavity, throat, larynx, trachea, and first five to seven generations of the lungs. The adult model is based on a dental cast of the mouth, a CT scan of the throat and larynx, and images based on the National Institute of Health's Visible Human Project for the tracheobronchial tree. The adolescent model is based upon a scaled oral cavity and CT scans of the rest of the reparatory tract. The program 3D Doctor is used to reconstruct the two dimensional CT scan images into a three dimensional model. VPSculpt and SolidWorks are used to combine the different parts of the models and clean up the geometry. The geometry is meshed in Gambit and exported to the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package Fluent to perform the fluid flow and particle deposition analysis. The Fluent Discrete Phase Model (DPM) is used to determine particle trajectories and deposition. It is found that deposition increases with the size of the inhaled particles. Particles tend to deposit towards the back of the throat, the area of the trachea just below the glottis, and at bifurcations in the airways. However, when compared to other studies in literature, deposition tended to be higher with smaller particle sizes, but more comparable with larger particle sizes. Adolescent deposition was found to be lower than adult deposition for all particle sizes."--Abstract.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)
Download or read book Regional Aerosol Deposition in Human Upper Airways. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the award period, a number of studies have been carried out related to the overall objective of the project which is to elucidate important factors which influence the upper airway deposition and dose of particles in the size range 0.5 nm - 10 [mu]m, such as particle size, breathing conditions, age, airway geometry, and mode of breathing. These studies are listed below. (1) A high voltage electrospray system was constructed to generate polydispersed 1-10 [mu]m diameter di-ethylhexyl sebacate aerosol for particle deposition studies in nasal casts and in human subjects. (2) The effect of nostril dimensions, nasal passage geometry, and nasal resistance on particle deposition efficiency in forty healthy, nonsmoking adults at a constant flowrate were studied. (3) The effect of nostril dimensions, nasal passage dimensions and nasal resistance on the percentage of particle deposition in the anterior 3 cm of the nasal passage of spontaneously breathing humans were studied. (4) The region of deposition of monodispersed aerosols were studied using replicate casts. (5) Ultrafine aerosol deposition using simulated breath holding path and natural path was compared. (6) An experimental technique was proposed and tested to measure the oral deposition of inhaled ultrafine particles. (7) We have calculated the total deposition fraction of ultrafine aerosols from 5 to 200 n in the extrathoracic airways and in the lung. (8) The deposition fraction of radon progeny in the head airways was studied using several head airway models.
Author : Tran Anh Son
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (827 download)
Download or read book Deposition of Particles in Models of the Human Airway During Exhalation written by Tran Anh Son and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eleanor Yang Lin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Validation and Sensitivity Analysis of Simulations of Particle Deposition in Human Airways written by Eleanor Yang Lin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The airway is a major entry port into our body. Airborne particles such as tobacco smoke, dust, pollen, bacteria are breathed with every breath. Particles are also used for medical treatment in the form of inhaled aerosols to treat diseases such as asthma. The effect of these particles on our health is highly dependent on where they deposit in our airway. Where particles deposit depends on many different factors including the particles' size, how we breath and differences in our airway geometry. We study the sensitivity of deposition to these factors through simulation. First, we start with the surface of a realistic human airway obtained from segmenting an MRI scan, breathing in from the mouth. The flow field is computed using an unstructured LES fluids solver and is validated against an Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry experiment. We can vary the flow field intensity to model different breathing conditions. Particles of size 1 to 10 microns are injected as Lagrangian point particles after the flow field is developed. Their trajectories are integrated until they either exit the airway into high generations of the bronchial tree or they are deposited on the airway wall. The deposition statistics are then analyzed. Finally, to study the sensitivity to perturbations in airway geometry, we constructed a parameterized synthetic airway that can perturbed. We studied the effects of constrictions and expansions in the main bronchi to particle distribution.
Author : Lidia Morawska
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527609202
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Indoor Environment written by Lidia Morawska and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the fundamentals of air-borne particles and settled dust in the indoor environment, this handy reference investigates: * relevant definitions and terminology, * characteristics, * sources, * sampling techniques and instrumentation, * exposure assessment, * monitoring methods. The result is a useful and comprehensive overview for chemists, physicists and biologists, postgraduate students, medical practitioners, occupational health professionals, building owners and managers, building, construction and air-conditioning engineers, architects, environmental lawyers, government and regulatory professionals.
Author : Alan Rodgman
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 146651552X
Total Pages : 2334 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)
Download or read book The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke written by Alan Rodgman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 2334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by two longtime researchers in tobacco science, The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke, Second Edition chronicles the progress made from late 2008 through 2011 by scientists in the field of tobacco science. The book examines the isolation and characterization of each component. It explores developments in pertinent analytical
