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Studies On The Modelling Of Esterification Reactions With Immobilized Biocatalysts In Organic Solvents
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Book Synopsis Studies on the Modelling of Esterification Reactions with Immobilized Biocatalysts in Organic Solvents by : Felicitas Vazquez Lima
Download or read book Studies on the Modelling of Esterification Reactions with Immobilized Biocatalysts in Organic Solvents written by Felicitas Vazquez Lima and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biocatalysts in Organic Syntheses by : J. Tramper
Download or read book Biocatalysts in Organic Syntheses written by J. Tramper and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1985 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many interesting chemical reactions that are difficult or impossible to accomplish by ordinary chemical means are efficiently catalysed by enzymes in microbial, plant and animal cells. The lack of communication between organic chemists and biotechnologists is an important factor limiting the number of synthetic applications of biocatalysts. This book contains most of the presentations of an international symposium which was held to try and bring the groups together. A total of 225 participants attended the symposium, with about one half biotechnologists and one half organic chemists, demonstrating the interest of the former in applying enzymic methods in organic reactions and of the latter in looking for enzymes as tools in organic methodology.
Book Synopsis Immobilized Biocatalysts by : Peter Grunwald
Download or read book Immobilized Biocatalysts written by Peter Grunwald and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Immobilized Biocatalysts" that was published in Catalysts
Book Synopsis Modification of Polymers by : Charles E. Carraher
Download or read book Modification of Polymers written by Charles E. Carraher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sheer volume of topics which could have been included under our general title prompted us to make some rather arbitrary decisions about content. Modification by irradiation is not included because the activity in this area is being treated elsewhere. We have chosen to emphasize chemical routes to modification and have striven to pre sent as balanced a representation of current activity as time and page count permit. Industrial applications, both real and potential, are included. Where appropriate, we have encouraged the contributors to include review material to help provide the reader with adequate context. The initial chapter is a review from a historical perspective of polymer modification and contains an extensive bibliography. The remainder of the book is divided into four general areas: Reactions and Preparation of Copolymers Reactions and Preparation of Block and Graft Copolymers Modification Through Condensation Reactions Applications The chemical modification of homopolymers such as polyvinylchlo ride, polyethylene, poly(chloroalkylene sulfides), polysulfones, poly chloromethylstyrene, polyisobutylene, polysodium acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloroformate, sulfonated polystyrene; block and graft copolymers such as poly(styrene-block-ethylene-co-butylene block-styrene), poly(I,4-polybutadiene-block ethylene oxide), star chlorine-telechelic polyisobutylene, poly(isobutylene-co-2,3-dimethyl- 1,3-butadiene), poly(styrene-co-N-butylmethacrylate); cellulose, dex tran and inulin, is described.
Book Synopsis Immobilised lipase-mediated oleic acid esters and (R)-phenylethyl acetate syntheses in dense carbon dioxide: kinetics and thermodynamics by : Chiara Giulia Laudani
Download or read book Immobilised lipase-mediated oleic acid esters and (R)-phenylethyl acetate syntheses in dense carbon dioxide: kinetics and thermodynamics written by Chiara Giulia Laudani and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of enzymes in SCFs has bean growing over last two decades as chemists attempt to broaden the applications of biocatalysis. In addition to on going research in solvent-free systems, synthesis in SCFs can potentially offer new alternatives to enzyme-catalysed reactions. Continuing improvements in biocatalysts and a better understanding of biocatalysis assisted by SCFs are expected to greatly influence the production of fina chemicals. Historically emphasis has rested on performing biocatalysis in SC-CO2 in supercritical conditions of the whole reaction bulk. However, in the area of critical pressure, all CO2 density-dependent properties, such as the dielectric constant, refractive index, fugacity coefficient and solubility parameters, are strong function of pressure. Consequently, substrate/product solubility, solvation and mass transfer phenomena dramatically change at the critical point, leading to areaction performance dependence on pressure. The high sensitivity of solubility to pressure, particularly marked close to the critical point, makes the vapour-liquid phase equilibrium of the studied system very interesting to investigate. In this work, research efforts were aimed at developing selective methods for the production of polyfunctional molecules with high potential industrial applications by enzymatic reactions carried out in a liquid reaction bulk in subcritical conditions rich in dense CO2. In the first part of the PhD thesis, studies of the role of the solvent to investigate how the phase equilibrium triggers the reaction performance were carried out. Wax esters, chosen as model system to carry on a thermodynamic interpretation of the enzymatic esterification kinetics in denseCO2 as reaction medium, were successfully obtained from the esterification reaction between long-chain fatty alcohols and long-chain fattyacids over immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme RM IM) in sub- and supercritical conditions of the whole reaction bulk. Firstly, complete and systematic screening and optimisation of the process parameters on the products final concentration and reaction rate in solvent-free system were developed. Secondly, the kinetics and thermodynamics correlation of the wax esters biocatalytic synthesis over Lipozyme RM IM by using dense CO2 as solvent medium in a batch stirred and in a continuous bench-scale plug-flow packed bed high-pressure reactors was investigated. Process conditions (pressure, temperature, stirrer speed, water content, substrates molar ratio, incubation time, solvent and substrates flow rates) were optimised. A complementary study of the model system substrates/CO2 vapour-liquid phase equilibria in two different apparatuses (a variable-volume view celi and a batch stirred reactor), using the synthetic and static-analytic methods was carried out. Kinetic observations on the pressure effect exhibited that liquid reaction mixture in subcritical conditions led to higher performance than when diluted in a single supercritical phase. A cogent physical explanation of the pressure effect on the reaction performance by exploiting thermodynamic arguments was put forward. The potential of developing enzymatic reactions in liquid rich in dense CO2 has bean explained on the basis of the high solubility of CO2 in substrates liquid mixture. On this basis, the strategy of performing biocatalysis in SC-CO2 in subcritical conditions of the whole reaction bulk is bound to find an increasing range of biotechnological applications for large-scala preparation. The outlook for exploitation of dense CO2 at lower pressures in developing new biotransformation schemes is very promising. Once a deep understanding of the biocatalysis in den se CO2 and of the pressure influence has bean acquired, in the second part of this research work an attempt to confirm these successful first results obtained by producing organic compounds with high added value by enzymatic reaction in dense CO2 was started. Research efforts were aimed to the production of enantiopure compounds by lipase-catalysed resolution in SC-CO2 combined with ILs, benefiting from the advantages of bothneoteric solvents properties. By combining SC-CO2 and ILs, an integral process of biocatalysis and separation can be developed since SC-CO2 is showing high ability to extract hydrophobic compounds from certain ILs, as it is high soluble in IL phase, while ILs are not measurably soluble in the SC-CO2. Sec-alcohols (Le. rac-1-phenylethanol) were chosen as model systems for the lipase-mediated kinetic resolution in dense CO2 combined with ILs by transesterification with vinyl acetate as acyl denar in the acyl transfer reaction over immobilised lipase B from Candida antarctica (NOVOZYM 435). Screening and optimization of several reaction parameters (pressure, stirrer speed, enzyme concentration, ionic liquid content, substrates molar ratio and incubation time) on the kinetic resolution of racemates of (+-)-1-phenylethanol in several ILs, dense CO2 and biphasic IL/SC-CO2 systems were developed in a high-pressure variable-volume view celI. This study has highlighted that by increasing the amount of the chiral catalyst, of the suitable solvent and of the acyl denar is a successful approach for the enzymatic kinetic resolution of racemates. The physical explanation of the pressure effect on the reaction performance by exploiting thermodynamic arguments put forward investigating the lipase-mediated wax esters synthesis in dense CO2 was validated. ILlSC-CO2 biphasic systems resulted excellent reaction media for enzyme-catalyzed resolution of racemic mixtures. On this basis, this PhD thesis is aimed to open new perspectives to develop integral green chemical processes by appropriate ILs/SC-CO2 biphasic systems because of the physical and chemical characteristics of these solvents and the enhanced catalytic properties of enzymes.
Book Synopsis Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards by :
Download or read book Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theses on any subject submitted by the academic libraries in the UK and Ireland.
Book Synopsis Immobilized Biocatalysts by : Winfried Hartmeier
Download or read book Immobilized Biocatalysts written by Winfried Hartmeier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotechnological processes often require the use of immobilized biocatalysts. This translation of the most successful German edition introduces the theoretical background of this rapidly growing field followed by a detailed description of the various techniques of immobilizing, characterizing, and using biocatalysts. The comprehensive discussion of possible applications in industrial processes and in basic research results in a practical guide for everyone involved in these techniques. Furthermore, some selected experiments are added in order to facilitate the understanding of the theoretical reports.
Download or read book Esterification written by Junzo Otera and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-11-10 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gathering together the widespread literature in the field, this monograph acts as a reference guide to this very important chemical reaction. Following an introduction, the book goes on to discuss methodology, before treating synthetic and industrial applications -- the latter being a new focus in this completely revised, updated and extended second edition. A must-have for organic, natural products and catalytic chemists, as well as those working in industry, of for lecturers in chemistry.
Book Synopsis Enzymes as Catalysts in Organic Synthesis by : Manfred P. Schneider
Download or read book Enzymes as Catalysts in Organic Synthesis written by Manfred P. Schneider and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Reisensburg/Ulm, Donau, Germany, June 16-22, 1985
Book Synopsis Stability and Stabilization of Biocatalysts by : F.J. Plou
Download or read book Stability and Stabilization of Biocatalysts written by F.J. Plou and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-11-10 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Six years after the symposium on Stability and Stabilization of Enzymes, a second symposium, Stability and Stabilization of Biocatalysts, on which this book is based, was organized. At the symposium, 210 participants representing all continents came together to learn from 150 oral and poster communications.The volume brings up-to-date the work already going on, and identifies possible breakthroughs in the research. This timely book therefore presents cutting edge developments in topics such as non-covalent processes in solution, protein engineering and thermophile enzymes, immobilized enzymes, non-conventional media, and whole cells.An excellent addition to the available literature, it will make a useful contribution to this key area of applied biocatalysis.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Biocomposite Materials by : Yukio Imanishi
Download or read book Synthesis of Biocomposite Materials written by Yukio Imanishi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomaterials have been used for artificial-organ and bioreactor materials, and have gained importance for enhancement of human welfare. This book summarizes research devoted to creating useful biofunctional materials by chemical modification of natural polymers, and forecasts future development.
Book Synopsis British Reports, Translations and Theses by : British Library. Document Supply Centre
Download or read book British Reports, Translations and Theses written by British Library. Document Supply Centre and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents by : Evgeny N. Vulfson
Download or read book Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents written by Evgeny N. Vulfson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymatic catalysis has gained considerable attention in recent years as an efficient tool in the preparation of natural products, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and food ingredients. The high selectivity and mild reaction con- tions associated with enzymatic transformations have made this approach an attractive alternative in the synthesis of complex bioactive compounds, which are often difficult to obtain by standard chemical routes. However, the maj- ity of organic compounds are not very soluble in water, which was traditi- ally perceived as the only suitable reaction medium for the application of biocatalysts. The realization that most enzymes can function perfectly well under nearly anhydrous conditions and, in addition, display a number of useful properties, e. g. , highly enhanced stability and different selectivity, has d- matically widened the scope of their application to the organic synthesis. Another great attraction of using organic solvents rather than water as a reaction solvent is the ability to perform synthetic transformations with re- tively inexpensive hydrolytic enzymes. It is worth reminding the reader that in vivo, the synthetic and hydrolytic pathways are catalyzed by different enzymes. However, elimination of water from the reaction mixture enables the “reversal” of hydrolytic enzymes and thus avoids the use of the expensive cofactors or activated substrates that are required for their synthetic count- parts.
Book Synopsis Transesterification by : Anita Becker
Download or read book Transesterification written by Anita Becker and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2018 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transesterification is an organic reaction in which the organic group R of an ester is exchanged with another organic group R of an alcohol according to a mechanism called alcoholysis. In this compilation, the authors address the way the transesterification process has become widely popular in biodiesel production, on an industrial scale, by reaction of triglyceride with short-length alcohol (methanol and/or ethanol).Next, Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, a non-edible raw material, is discussed as an attractive alternative for biodiesel production. The heterogeneous acid catalysis of this second-generation raw material is examined, including the mechanisms of esterification of fatty acids and transesterification of the triacylglycerides present in Jatropha curcas L. oil.In biodiesel generation, the transesterification reaction is the main process used for vegetable oils, animal fats, waste cooking oil or micro/macroalgae. Thus, the authors propose that catalysts such as acid and base or enzymes should be used to improve the rate of production.The closing portion of this collection reviews the use of transesterification reactions within laboratory courses of environmental and sustainable chemistry programmes for undergraduate chemistry students over the past 15 years. The authors propose that in the future, these experiments should be revised to include discussions of process sustainability and illustrations of life-cycle analysis approaches to bio-fuel production.
Book Synopsis Lipases and Phospholipases by : Georgina Sandoval
Download or read book Lipases and Phospholipases written by Georgina Sandoval and published by Humana. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an essential update on fundamental issues, current and new applications, as well as practical protocols to explore the extensive applications of lipases and the potential application of phospholipases. After an overview, the book delves into activity screening and expression, optimization of the biocatalyst production and performances, and applications of lipases, phospholipases, and esterases. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, Lipases and Phospholipases: Methods and Protocols, Second Editionserves as an updated reference book for the large scientific community, both seasoned and novice, working with lipases, phospholipases, and related enzymes.
Book Synopsis Dependence of Reaction Rate on Water Activity for Esterification in Microaqueous Reaction Systems by : Ibrahim Che Omar
Download or read book Dependence of Reaction Rate on Water Activity for Esterification in Microaqueous Reaction Systems written by Ibrahim Che Omar and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biocatalysis in organic solvents is highly dependent on the water activity of the reaction mixture. Alteration of the water solubility parameter (Sw/o) of the organic solvent affected the rate of the reaction significantly. The initial rate can also be affected by the water activity of the enzyme preparation, reactants and rate of water transfer between the organic phase and the microaqueous phase of the biocatalyst particles. Low Sw/o organic activity of the enzyme preparation, and reduces the esterolytic activity. [Authors' abstract].
Book Synopsis Enzyme Biocatalysis by : Andrés Illanes
Download or read book Enzyme Biocatalysis written by Andrés Illanes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-19 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written with the purpose of providing a sound basis for the design of enzymatic reactions based on kinetic principles, but also to give an updated vision of the potentials and limitations of biocatalysis, especially with respect to recent app- cations in processes of organic synthesis. The ?rst ?ve chapters are structured in the form of a textbook, going from the basic principles of enzyme structure and fu- tion to reactor design for homogeneous systems with soluble enzymes and hete- geneous systems with immobilized enzymes. The last chapter of the book is divided into six sections that represent illustrative case studies of biocatalytic processes of industrial relevance or potential, written by experts in the respective ?elds. We sincerely hope that this book will represent an element in the toolbox of gr- uate students in applied biology and chemical and biochemical engineering and also of undergraduate students with formal training in organic chemistry, biochemistry, thermodynamics and chemical reaction kinetics. Beyond that, the book pretends also to illustrate the potential of biocatalytic processes with case studies in the ?eld of organic synthesis, which we hope will be of interest for the academia and prof- sionals involved in R&D&I. If some of our young readers are encouraged to engage or persevere in their work in biocatalysis this will certainly be our more precious reward.
